기혹논문 2 : 정구의 한강학과 퇴,남학

홍원식 ( Won Sik Hong ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2014 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.26

이제까지 정구의 한강학에 대한 연구는 그가 이황과 조식 양 문하에 나아갔기 때문에 주로 이황의 퇴계학이나 조식의 남명학과의 관계 속에서 이뤄 져왔다. 이와 달리 본 연구는 정구의 한강학을 중심에 두고 퇴계학이나 남명학과의 관계, 나아가 한강학이 가지는 독창적 부분을 밝히고자 하였다. 여헌 장현광은 한강학에 대해 ‘明體適用의 학’이라고 말하였는데, 그의 道學과 心學이 ‘명체(근본을 밝힘)의 학’에 해당한다면, 5學과 經世學은 ‘적용(현실에 적용함)의 학’에 해당한다. 정구는 한훤당 김굉필의 외증손으로서, 그를 ‘大東儒宗’으로 추존하면서 그의 도학을 계승한다는 의식을 젊은 날부터 가지고 있었으며, 이후 이황과 조식의 양 문하에 나아감으로써 그들의 도학과 심학을 계승하였다. 그렇지만 그는 예학과 경세학 방면의 저술도 많이 남겼다. 이것은 이황이나 조식에게서 거의 발견되지 않는 것으로, 정구의 한강학이가지는 독창적 부분이라고 할 수 있다. 이처럼 정구는 김굉필과 이황 및 조식으로부터 물려받은 도학과 심학의 바탕 위에서 예학과 경세학을 펼쳐감으로써 자신의 한강학을 구축하였으며, 조선 후기의 영남 유학을 새로운 방향으로 이끌었다. Jeong Gu`s Hanganghak has been mainly studied in relationshipToegyehak or Nammyeonghak, for he was disciple of them all. However, This paper is to determine relationship with Toegyehak orNammyeonghak, furthermore originality of Hanganghak based onJeong Gu`s Hanganghak. Yeoheon, Jang Hyeongwang regardsHanganghak as ‘Enlightenment of reality and Proper revelation ofvirtue’. If his Dohak and Simhak correspond to ‘Enlightenment ofreality’, Yehak and Gyeongsehak do to ‘Proper revelation of virtue’. Jeong Gu is maternal great-grandchild of Hanhweondang KimGoengpil, has over him as DaeDongYuJong and succeeds to his Dohak, henceforward, to Dohak and Simhak of Yi Hwang and Jo Sik. Besides, He left out writings of Yehak and Gyeongsehak. This point is not foundin Yi Hwang or Jo Sik, and can be originality that Jeong Gu’sHanganghak has. Jeong Gu built own his Hanganghak by studyingYehak and Gyeongsehak on the base of Dohak and Simhak whichinherit from Kim Goengpil, Yi Hwang and Jo Sik. He led the Yeongnamconfucianism in the late Joseon dynasty in a new direction.

여말 영남지역 포은학파와 경재 홍로

홍원식(Hong Won-Sik) 동아인문학회 2014 동아인문학 Vol.27 No.-

포은 정몽주가 우리나라의 도학과 리학을 열었으며, 그것은 야은길재를 거쳐 한훤당 김굉필로 이어졌다는 것이 조선시대에는 정설처럼 받아들여졌다. 그런데 포은과 야은간의 학맥 전승 관계를 뒷받침해 줄 자료가 뚜렷이 없어서 늘 논란의 대상이 되기도 하였다. 그런데 새롭게 발굴된 <백원첩>을 통해 포은과 야은 두 사람간의 학맥 관계를 확인할 수 있음과 더불어 당시 포은의 동향인 영남 북부 일대에 그의 절의정신을 이은 학맥과 학파가 존재했음도 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 그 가운데 한 대표적인 인물이 경재 홍로이다. 그는 포은의 문하에서 공부한 뒤 고려 멸망을 맞아 자진순절함으로써 정치적 운명을 같이하였으며, 몇몇 남은 시문 등을 통해 성리학에 대한 조예와 정통 주자학의 입장에 서 있었음을 밝혔다. It is allowed like orthodoxy in the Joseon dynasty that Poeun Jeong Mong-Ju had opened Dohak and Lihak of our country, and it had led to Handhweondang Kim Going-Pil through Yaeun Gil-Jae. By the way, for the reason there are not data which supports the transmission of academic genealogy between Poeun and Yaeun, the orthodoxy is a controversial matter. Through Baekwoncheop whcih is newly excavated, I can identify academic genealogy between Poeun and Yaeun, and can do academic genealogy and school which is descended from poeun’s spirit of loyalty in northern Yeongnam region. The representative man is Gyeongjae Hong-Ro. After he studies under Poeun, he shares political fate with poeun through dying for himself. And he showed orthodox position of Zhuzixue through remaining poetry.

첨가물질의 급여가 홀스타인 거세우의 발육, 도체특성에 미치는 영향

Won Mo Cho(조원모),Sung Hak Yang(양승학),Sang Min Lee(이상민),Sun Sik Jang(장선식),Hyeong Cheol Kim(김형철),Seong Koo Hong(홍성구),Woon Yeoul Park(박웅렬),Hyun Soo Kim(김현수) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구는 육질향상을 위한 여러가지 첨가물질을 홀스타인 거세우의 성장과 도체특성에 미치는 급여효과를 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 생후 5개월령 평균체중 176.6 ㎏, 홀스타인 거세우 24두를 3처리 8반복으로 완전 임의 배치하여 사양시험을 수행하였다. 처리구는 대조구(무첨가구), T1 (Vitamin C, 아연 및 유황 급여구) 및 T2 (콜린 및 라이신 급여구)로 배치하였다. 일당증체량은 육성기와 비육전기에서는 처리구별 차이가 없었지만, 비육후기에서는 T1처리구가 T2 처리구보다 유의적으로 높았다(p<0.05). T1 처리구의 출하체중은 다른 처리구 보다 비교적 높았지만 유의적 차이는 없었다. 첨가제는 시험기간 동안 섭취량에 있어 영향을 주지는 않았지만, 비육후기 T1 처리구의 사료요구율이 T2 처리구 보다 유의적으로 낮았다. 육량특성에 있어 도체중 및 육량지수는 그룹간 비슷한 결과를 나타내었지만, 등지방 두께 및 등심단면적은 다른 처리구에 비해 T2 처리구가 비교적 낮았다. 육질특성에서는 육색, 조직감 및 성숙도는 세 처리구에서 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았지만, 근내지방도 및 육질1등급이상 출현율에 있어서 T2 처리구와 비교하여 T1처리구가 높았다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과 비타민 C, 아연, 유황 첨가는 홀스타인 거세우의 성장 및 도체특성을 향상시키는 것으로 생각된다. This study was performed to investigate the feeding effects of different additives on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers. Twenty-four Holstein steers, five months of age and 176.6 ㎏, were randomly allocated to three experimental groups of eight animals each for an 18-month feeding trial. The groups were control (not additive), T1 (fed zinc, vitamin C, and sulfur), and T2 (fed choline and lysine). The average daily gain was no different between the treatment groups during the growing to early fattening period, but it was significantly higher in the T1 group than the T2 group in the late fattening period (p<0.05). The final BW of the T1 group was relatively high in relation to the other groups, but was not significantly different. The additives had no effects on DMI during the experimental period; however, the feed conversion ratio of the T1 group in the late fattening period was significantly lower than that of the T2 group (p<0.05). The results of yield traits, carcass weight, and yield index were similar between groups, but back fat thickness and rib eye area were relatively lower in the T2 group than in the other groups. In terms of quality traits, meat color, texture, and maturity were not significantly different between the three groups. However, marbling score and appearance rate of high quality grade (1??, 1?, and 1) were higher in the T1 group compared with the T2 group. Thus, the present results suggest that vitamin C, zinc, and sulfur supplementation may improve the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers.

Positive remodeling is associated with more plaque vulnerability and higher frequency of plaque prolapse accompanied with post-procedural cardiac enzyme elevation compared with intermediate/negative remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Hong, Young Joon,Jeong, Myung Ho,Choi, Yun Ha,Ko, Jum Suk,Lee, Min Goo,Kang, Won Yu,Lee, Shin Eun,Kim, Soo Hyun,Park, Keun Ho,Sim, Doo Sun,Yoon, Nam Sik,Youn, Hyun Ju,Kim, Kye Hun,Park, Hyung Wook,Kim Elsevier 2009 Journal of cardiology Vol.53 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>We assessed the impact of remodeling patterns on pre- and post-procedural intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings and cardiac enzyme elevation after stenting in 310 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The positive remodeling (PR) (PR group, <I>n</I>=<I>113</I>) was defined as remodeling index (lesion/reference external elastic membrane cross-sectional area) >1.05, intermediate remodeling (IR) as between 0.95 and 1.05, and negative remodeling (NR) as<0.95 (IR/NR group, <I>n</I>=<I>197</I>). IVUS findings included ruptured plaque (a cavity that communicated with the lumen with an overlying residual fibrous cap fragment), multiple ruptured plaques (different plaque ruptures separated by a >5-mm length of artery containing smooth lumen contours), thrombus (discrete intraluminal filling defects), and plaque prolapse (tissue extrusion through the stent strut at post-stenting). We compared pre- and post-procedural IVUS findings and cardiac-specific troponin I (cTnI) elevation after stenting according to the remodeling pattern.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The plaque rupture (60% vs. 42%, <I>p</I>=0.004), multiple plaque ruptures (22% vs. 14%, <I>p</I>=0.014), and IVUS-detected thrombus (42% vs. 28%, <I>p</I>=0.012) were more common in the PR group compared with the IR/NR group. Post-stenting plaque prolapse was observed more frequently (36% vs. 22%, <I>p</I>=0.008), and cTnI was elevated more significantly after stenting in the PR group compared with the IR/NR group (ΔcTnI; +7.8±51.1ng/ml vs. +0.9±41.1ng/ml, <I>p</I>=0.008). Multivariate analysis showed that PR [odds ratio (OR)=1.92; 95% CI 1.04–2.98, <I>p</I>=0.028], plaque rupture (OR 1.98; 95% CI 1.16–3.45, <I>p</I>=0.025), IVUS-detected thrombus (OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.22–3.98, <I>p</I>=0.008), and plaque prolapse (OR 8.40; 95% CI 4.19–16.84, <I>p</I><0.001) were independently associated with post-stenting cTnI elevation.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>AMI patients with PR have more plaque vulnerability and higher frequency of plaque prolapse accompanied by post-procedural cardiac enzyme elevation compared with AMI patients with IR/NR.</P>

Silver Sintered Joint Property Between Silicon Carbide Device and Ceramic Substrate for Electric Vehicle Power Module

Hong, Won Sik,Kim, Mi Song,Kim, Dajung,Oh, Chulmin Springer-Verlag 2019 Journal of electronic materials Vol.48 No.1

3T3-L1 세포에 대한 초과의 지방생성 억제물질

Won Sik Jeong,Seong Su Hong,Changon Seo,Jin Gwan Kwon,Eun Kyung Ahn,Ju Hyeong Park,Hana Cho,Joa Sub Oh 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Background : The objective of this study was to Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemarié, (Zingiberaceae) is widely distributed among several countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is a well known spice in Asia, produces a nice refreshing effect in the mouth. Additionally, it's dried fruit is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for cardiac diseases, edema, eye trouble, skin, itch and impotence. The objective of this study was evaluated the inhibitory activity on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells from A. tsao-ko. Methods and Results : The fruits of A. tsao-ko were extracted with 80% EtOH two times at room temperature. The EtOH extract was suspended in distilled water and partitioned with solvent to give CH2Cl2, EtOAc and n-BuOH. The CH2Cl2 was suspended in n-hexane and partitioned with solvent to give 50%, 70% and 90% MeOH. The purification of each fraction by column chromatography separation and HPLC analysis. Consequently, several constituents were isolated five known compounds. The identification and structural elucidation of compounds were established by using NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry. Conclusion : These compounds were identified as fluorenone (1), phenanthrene (2), anthracene (3), methyl linolenate (4), 1,2-benzenediol (5). All isolates were tested for their inhibitory activities on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells.

Impact of plaque components on no-reflow phenomenon after stent deployment in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound analysis

Hong, Young Joon,Jeong, Myung Ho,Choi, Yun Ha,Ko, Jum Suk,Lee, Min Goo,Kang, Won Yu,Lee, Shin Eun,Kim, Soo Hyun,Park, Keun Ho,Sim, Doo Sun,Yoon, Nam Sik,Youn, Hyun Ju,Kim, Kye Hun,Park, Hyung Wook,Kim Oxford University Press 2011 European heart journal Vol.32 No.16

<P><B>Aims</B></P><P>We used virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) to evaluate the relation between coronary plaque characteristics and no-reflow in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.</P><P><B>Methods and results</B></P><P>A total of 190 consecutive ACS patients were imaged using VH-IVUS and analysed retrospectively. Angiographic no-reflow was defined as TIMI flow grade 0, 1, and 2 after stenting. Virtual histology-intravascular ultrasound classified the colour-coded tissue into four major components: fibrotic, fibro-fatty, dense calcium, and necrotic core (NC). Thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) was defined as focal, NC-rich (≥10% of the cross-sectional area) plaques being in contact with the lumen in a plaque burden ≥40%. Of the 190 patients studied at pre-stenting, no-reflow was observed in 24 patients (12.6%) at post-stenting. The absolute and %NC areas at the minimum lumen sites (1.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.9 ± 0.8 mm<SUP>2</SUP>, <I>P</I> < 0.001, and 24.5 ± 14.3 vs. 16.1 ± 10.6%, <I>P</I> = 0.001, respectively) and the absolute and %NC volumes (30 ± 24 vs. 16 ± 17 mm<SUP>3</SUP>, <I>P</I> = 0.001, and 22 ± 11 vs. 14 ± 8%, <I>P</I> < 0.001, respectively) were significantly greater, and the presence of at least one TCFA and multiple TCFAs within culprit lesions (71 vs. 36%, <I>P</I> = 0.001, and 38 vs. 15%, <I>P</I> = 0.005, respectively) was significantly more common in the no-reflow group compared with the normal-reflow group. In the multivariable analysis, %NC volume was the only independent predictor of no-reflow (odds ratio = 1.126; 95% CI 1.045–1.214, <I>P</I> = 0.002).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>In ACS patients, post-stenting no-reflow is associated with plaque components defined by VH-IVUS analysis with larger NC and more TCFAs.</P>

Improvement of Thermal Stability of Ni-Silicide Using Vacuum Annealing on Boron Cluster Implanted Ultra Shallow Source/Drain for Nano-Scale CMOSFETs

Hong-Sik Shin,Se-Kyung Oh,Min-Ho Kang,Ga-Won Lee,Hi-Deok Lee 대한전자공학회 2010 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.10 No.4

In this paper, Ni silicide is formed on boron cluster (B18H22) implanted source/drains for shallow junctions of nano-scale CMOSFETs and its thermal stability is improved, using vacuum annealing. Although Ni silicide on B18H22 implanted Si substrate exhibited greater sheet resistance than on the BF2 implanted one, its thermal stability was greatly improved using vacuum annealing. Moreover, the boron depth profile, using vacuum post-silicidation annealing, showed a shallower junction than that using N₂ annealing.

Separation Technology, Thermodynamics : Polypyrrole Composite Membrane with High Permeability Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization

( Won Il Son ),( Jae Min Hong ),( Byoung Sik Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2005 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.22 No.2

Echocardiographic Flow Pattern of Pat-ent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress: Compared with Other Echocardiographic Parameters

( Won Sik Choi ),( Yu Seon Kim ),( Eui Kyung Choi ),( Jeong-hee Shin ),( Byung Min Choi ),( Young Sook Hong ) 대한주산의학회 2018 大韓周産醫學會雜誌 Vol.29 No.1

Objective: The different patterns of ductal shunt flow by Doppler echocardiography are useful for the diagnosis and prediction of risk of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), especially growing or pulsatile patterns. We examined whether the ductal flow patterns might represent a reliable guide for PDA management in preterm infants with respiratory distress, using a comparison of traditional echocardiographic parameters. Methods: Thirty-one preterm infants with gestational age of 25-34 weeks who required respiratory supports were studied. Serial echocardiographic evaluations were performed within the first week after birth. Four ductal flow patterns were identified such as pulmonary hypertension pattern, growing pattern, pulsatile pattern and closing pattern and compared with other echocardiographic indices. Results: One hundred five echocardiographic evaluations were done. The ductal diameter varied widely within each pattern but was significantly associated with ductal flow pattern: median diameter was greatest in the pulmonary hypertension pattern, progressively narrowed across the growing and pulsatile patterns, and was smallest in the closing pattern. The ratio of the ductal diameter to weight, the ratio of the left atrial to aortic root diameter and the diastolic flow velocity in left pulmonary artery of the growing and pulsatile patterns were significantly higher than those of the pulmonary hypertension and closing patterns. Conclusion: Echocardiographic Doppler assessment of shunt flow pattern is useful for diagnosis of hemodynamically significant PDA in premature infants, especially in the growing or pulsatile pattern. The addition of ductal flow pattern assessment to traditional echocardiographic measures may further enhance the clinical diagnostic capacity of echocardiography for PDA.