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Cytokine and Tumor Environments
Jin Tae Hong1*, Ju Kyung Song, Sun Mi Kwon, Byung Woo Ahn, Youngsoo Kim, Sang Bae Han 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.1
Cytokines are known to function as regulatory molecules that can be produced by virtually every nucleated cell type in the body, including lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and many others. Cytokines include lymphocyte-derived factors (lymphokines), monocyte-derived factors (monokines), hematopoietic factors (colony-stimulating factors), connective tissue/growth factors, and chemotactic chemokines. Cytokines released in response to infection can affect tumor development in different ways. When exposed to infectious agents, cytokines are secreted by sentinel cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. These cytokines include interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as others, such as IL-6, IL-12, and IL-18. When released in sufficient quantities, these molecules can cause inflammation. Chronic inflammation is highly associated with tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. In this article, we review the roles and mechanisms of cytokines in tumor development.
Chun, Yoon-Keun,Ha, Joo-hun,Hong-Jung-Woo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Kim, Sung-Soo 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1
Yoon-Keun Chun¹,Joohun Ha□Hong-Jung Woo□, Soo Myung Oh□,Sung Soo Kim□ ¹Department of Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,²Department of Surgery, college of Medicine,³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine,and ⁴East-Weat Medical Reserch Institute,Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. The HBV DNA Amounts in Serum Have No relationship with ALT level and Hetergeneous Population Coexits in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 212-230, 1999. -Hepatitis B is caused by hepadnavirus. Hepatitis B virus replicates through 3.5kb pregenomic RNA intermediate which is regulated by core promoter. Pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus has been bilieved the result of host immune response. But recently many studies have reported that high level of viral replication caused by mutation in core promoter might result in severs hepatitis. But these studies were performed in vitro, not in vivo. So there is yet debate about which factor, viral of host factor, is more important in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus. So we measured real viral replication level in 204 chronic hepatitis B patients by quantifying HBV DNA from sera by our novel PCR-based more sensitive method, and compared these results with ALT level measured from same sera, which indicates liver cell damage. Surprisingly there are no significant correlation between HBV DNA quantity and ALT level. Then we cloned core promoter region. In SSCP, we found that many viral mutants coexist in one patient. Base on SSCP result, we chose main viral core promoter type in each patients, which is thought to determine overall viral replication level in this patient. Main type of core promoter region of each 41 patients were directly sequenced. And with these we measured promoter activity by luciferase assay system and compared promoter activity with on another. We found tha there were some differences in promoter activity according to core promoter sequences. And we constructed replication-competent viral constructs with core promoter from 41 patients and Transfected these into HepG2 cell and measured HBV DNA by southern blot. There were also differences in HBV DNA quantity according to core promoter sequences. On these all results we investigated correlation between the effect of HBV core promoter on viral replication in vitro and HBN DNA quantity, ALT level from sera of each patients. We found there is no significant correlation among them. As a result, we concluded that in determining severity chronic hepatitis B patients, host factors of each patient is more important rather than replicative activity of virus itself.
Case Report : A Case of Palmar Lichen Nitidus Presenting as a Clinical Feature of Pompholyx
( Sang Hoon Park ),( Sung Woo Kim ),( Tae Woo Noh ),( Kwang Cheol Hong ),( Yoo Seok Kang ),( Un Ha Lee ),( Hyun Su Park ),( Sang Jai Jang ) 대한피부과학회 2010 Annals of Dermatology Vol.22 No.2
Lichen nitidus (LN) is an uncommon chronic eruption of an unknown cause, and it is characterized by tiny, discrete, flesh-colored papules. The sites of predilection are the genitalia, trunk and extremities. Unilateral palmar involvement with pruritus is infrequent. We report here on a case of LN confined to the right palm, and the patient presented with multiple, pruritic, erythematous to flesh-colored, tiny papules and vesicles that mimicked pompholyx. The histopathological examination of a skin biopsy specimen showed the typical findings of LN. (Ann Dermatol 22(2) 235~237, 2010)
Power density of various light curing units through resin inlays with modified layer thickness
Sung-Ok Hong,Yonghui Oh,Jeong-Bum Min,Jin-Woo Kim,Bin-Na Lee,Yun-Chan Hwang,In-Nam Hwang,Won-Mann Oh,Hoon-Sang Chang 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to enhance curing light penetration through resin inlays by modifying the thicknesses of the dentin, enamel, and translucent layers. Materials and Methods: To investigate the layer dominantly affecting the power density of light curing units, resin wafers of each layer with 0.5 mm thickness were prepared and power density through resin wafers was measured with a dental radiometer (Cure Rite, Kerr). The dentin layer, which had the dominant effect on power density reduction, was decreased in thickness from 0.5 to 0.1 mm while thickness of the enamel layer was kept unchanged at 0.5 mm and thickness of the translucent layer was increased from 0.5 to 0.9 mm and vice versa, in order to maintain the total thickness of 1.5 mm of the resin inlay. Power density of various light curing units through resin inlays was measured. Results: Power density measured through 0.5 mm resin wafers decreased more significantly with the dentin layer than with the enamel and translucent layers (p < 0.05). Power density through 1.5 mm resin inlays increased when the dentin layer thickness was reduced and the enamel or translucent layer thickness was increased. The highest power density was recorded with dentin layer thickness of 0.1 mm and increased translucent layer thickness in all light curing units. Conclusions: To enhance the power density through resin inlays, reducing the dentin layer thickness and increasing the translucent layer thickness would be recommendable when fabricating resin inlays. (Restor Dent Endod 2012;37(3):130-135)
Woo LEE, Young,Min LEE, Sang,Sang JI, Yoon,Shill LEE, Jong,Joon CHEE, Young,Hwa HONG, Sung,I. KIM, Sun,Young KIM, In Institute of Electronics, Information and Communic 2007 IEICE transactions on fundamentals of electronics, Vol.90 No.8
<P>Digital hearing aid users often complain of difficulty in understanding speech in the presence of background noise. To improve speech perception in a noisy environment, various speech enhancement algorithms have been applied in digital hearing aids. In this study, a speech enhancement algorithm using modified spectral subtraction and companding is proposed for digital hearing aids. We adjusted the biases of the estimated noise spectrum, based on a subtraction factor, to decrease the residual noise. Companding was applied to the channel of the formant frequency based on the speech presence indicator to enhance the formant. Noise suppression was achieved while retaining weak speech components and avoiding the residual noise phenomena. Objective and subjective evaluation under various environmental conditions confirmed the improvement due to the proposed algorithm. We tested segmental SNR and Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR), which have higher correlation with subjective measures. Segmental SNR has the highest and LLR the lowest correlation of the methods tested. In addition, we confirmed by spectrogram that the proposed method significantly reduced the residual noise and enhanced the formants. A mean opinion score that represented the global perception score was tested; this produced the highest quality speech using the proposed method. The results show that the proposed speech enhancement algorithm is beneficial for hearing aid users in noisy environments.</P>
Evaluation of Immunotoxicity of Shizukaol B Isolated from Chloranthus japonicus
( Sang Bae Han ),( Jin Tae Hong ),( Jee Youn Kim ),( Young Soo Kim ),( Hwan Mook Kim ),( Young Kook Kim ),( Jong Soon Kang ),( Soon Woo Kwon ),( Hwa Sun Ryu ),( Hong Kyung Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.1
Dimeric sesquiterpenoid shizukaol B (SKB) was isolated from Chloranthus japonicus Sieb. Except that SKB inhibited adhesion molecule expression in monocytes and endothelial cells, no more biological and pharmacological activity of SKB had been reported until now. In this study, we examined immunosuppressive activity of SKB. SKB strongly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced B cell proliferation with IC50 of 137 ng/ml, but slightly or not concanavalin A-induced T cell proliferation, LPS-induced macrophage NO production, and LPS-induced dendritic cell maturation. As a mechanism, SKB strongly induced apoptotic death of B cells, but not other cell types. These results suggested that SKB induced toxicity-mediated immunosuppression against B cells.
Sang-Hwan Ham,Su-Yeon Cho,Dong-Woo Kang,Hyung-Woo Lee,Hong-Soon Chang,Ju Lee 한국철도학회 2010 International Journal of Railway Vol.3 No.1
This paper describes design and characteristic analysis of long primary type linear synchronous motor (LSM) for high speed train system. LSM is designed using loading distribution method and magnetic equivalent circuit. For characteristic analysis of LSM, analytical and numerical methods are applied. Analytical method for solving the magnetic field distribution of the analytic model is based on the Maxwell’s equations. Using the characteristic equation and magnetic equivalent circuit, we analyze the effect of variation of parameters, and then we validate the result by comparing with numerical method by finite element method (FEM). We compare the analytical method with numerical method for analyzing the effect by variable parameters. This result will be useful of design and forecast of performance without FEM.