U . S . ADJUSTMENT IN THE 1990s : A CGE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TRADE STRATEGIES

HANSON, KENNETH,ROBINSON, SHERMAN,TOKARICK, STEPHEN 한국국제경제학회 1993 International Economic Journal Vol.7 No.2

This paper investigates the implications for the structure of the U. S. economy of a reduction in the U. S. trade deficit. We explore two alternative adjustment scenarios. First, we assume an environment of successful world trade liberalization. An alternative view is that the world economy will lapse into a protectionist environment. We use a 30-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the United States to analyze the impact of these two scenarios. When analyzing the protectionist scenario, we do a variety of experiments designed to explore the impact of protectionist policies on the U. S. economy. [C68, F13]

Corporate Governance and Divestitures : The Effectiveness of Internal and External Control Mechanisms

Hanson, Robert C,Song, Moon H 성균관대학교 경영연구소 2001 Sungkyun Management Research Institute Work Vol.22 No.-

This paper studies divestitures to explore whether stock ownership by managers and the board of directors are effective mechanisms for controlling agency costs. Stock ownership provides managers incentives to sell poorly performing assets that no longer fit the firm=s operating strategy while monitoring by the board of directors encourages the sale of assets that perhaps serve the interests of managers more than shareholders. As part of our analysis, we examine insider trading activity as a way to gauge agency costs that arise from managers exploiting their inside information. We examine external controls by investigating monitoring by external blockholders and assessing the divesting firm=s activity as bidder or target in the market for corporate control. Results show that announcement period returns are significantly related to insider ownership, the fraction of unaffiliated outside directors on the board, changes in trading activity by insiders, and whether the firm becomes a takeover target within two years of the divestiture. Divesting firms underperform a control sample of nondivesting firms over the two years preceding the divestiture, but show similar long-term performance the two-years following the divestiture. Moreover, divesting firms are more frequently involved in transfer of control activities as bidders before and targets after the divestiture when compared to nondivesting firms. Our results, overall, are consistent with the notion that divestitures create value because they help resolve agency problems. and the managerial ownership and the board of directors play a significant role in helping to resolve these problems.

Who Will Fill China's Shoes? The Global Evolution of Labor-Intensive Manufacturing

Hanson, Gordon Korea Institute for International Economic Policy 2020 East Asian Economic Review Vol.24 No.4

In this paper, I review evidence on changing global specialization in labor-intensive exporting. Production of apparel, footwear, furniture, and related products are how many low-income countries first enter export manufacturing. Just as China's rise as a powerhouse in these goods supplanted a role previously occupied by the East Asian Tigers, the world may again be on the cusp of significant change in where labor-intensive goods are produced. China's prowess in these sectors peaked in the early 2010s; its share in their global exports, while still substantial, is now in decline. Mechanisms through which the global economy may adjust to China's graduation into more technologically sophisticated activities include expanded labor-intensive export production in other emerging economies and labor-saving technological change in products currently heavily reliant on less-educated labor. Available evidence suggests that the first mechanism is operating slowly and the second hardly at all. As a third mechanism, China may in part replace itself by moving labor-heavy factories out of densely populated and expensive coastal cities and into the country's interior. Such a transition, though still in its infancy, would mirror the decentralization of manufacturing production in the U.S. and Europe, which occurred after World War II.

THE DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF U . S . TEXTILE AND APPAREL PROTECTION

HANSON, KENNETH A.,REINERT, KENNETH A. 한국국제경제학회 1997 International Economic Journal Vol.11 No.3

Cultural Tradition of School Excursion and Collective Trauma of the Motor Vessel Sewol Accident

Hanson Park,Jungwon Choi 대한신경정신의학회 2019 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.16 No.4

The Motor Vessel Sewol accident was a horrible accident, and it had complex ripple effects in various areas such as politics, economy, and culture. In particular, the psychological impact of each individual in Korean society was great, and various explanations for the causes of such psychological mass trauma would be possible. One of these important causes is the historical memory about common cultural custom. Therefore, the historical and cultural memory of the school trips shared by members of Korean society may be one of the causes of the psychological trauma. This paper aims to explain the cultural and social functions of school trips in East Asian societies from a historical point of view. In addition, we will also analyse the reasons why shared cultural memories contributed to the formation of collective trauma of the accident from a cultural, anthropological and psychiatric point of view.

Adverse Events Associated With Synthetic Male Slings: An Analysis of the Food and Drug Administration Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database

Hanson Zhao,Colby P. Souders,Paige K. Kuhlmann,Kai Dallas,Karyn Eilber,Jennifer T. Anger 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2021 International Neurourology Journal Vol.25 No.2

Purpose: We sought to describe and analyze the adverse events associated with synthetic male slings reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database. Methods: We queried the MAUDE database for all entries including the terms “Male Sling,” “InVance,” “Virtue,” or “Advance” from January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2018. We collected and analyzed information about the event type, date received, report source, source type, and manufacturer. We reviewed and categorized the event description text for each medical device report (MDR). Results: A total of 497 adverse events related to the male sling were identified. The adverse events were classified as injury (95.4%), malfunction (4.2%), and other (0.4%). There were no deaths described. The slings involved were the Advance or Advance XP sling (69.8%), InVance (15.5%), Virtue Quadratic (12.3%), or unknown (2.4%). The 4 most common adverse events described were urinary incontinence (46.7%), sling erosion (9.1%), mechanical malfunction (8.2%), and pain/numbness (8.2%). There was no increase in the number of reports in the years following the FDA warnings for urogynecologic mesh. Conclusions: There was an overall modest number of MDRs related to male slings and the majority of them were reported by the manufacturer. The reporting of adverse events for male slings does not seem to be affected by the controversy and scrutiny towards transvaginal mesh and midurethral slings. Further clinical studies and more objective and detailed databases are needed to investigate the safety of these synthetic slings.

Situating the History of Medicine Within Chinese History

Marta Hanson 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2018 Cross-Currents Vol.0 No.27

The past ten years have seen the publication of more than seventy English-language monographs, edited books, translations, dictionaries, and even a three-volume catalogue, related to the history of medicine in China. Such substantive, varied, and often ground-breaking scholarship is finally starting to do justice to the complexity of the subject and the richness of the sources vis-à-vis the better known, and thus more widely taught, history of European and Anglo-American medicine from antiquity to the modern world. Collectively bringing the field of the history of medicine in China to a new level of synthesis, these works not only demonstrate how integral the history of medicine and public health is to Chinese history but also should help facilitate the integration of East Asian medical history into more broadly conceived global histories of medicine and public health. This major boon in publications on the medical history of China over the past decade also reveals the wide-ranging methods and diverse approaches scholars have chosen to frame, and thereby exert heuristic control over, what arguably has become newly visible as the contours of a vast, complex, and essential subject of not just Chinese but human history....

정신의학의 진화생태학적 연구 시 고려사항

박한선(Hanson Park) 한국인지과학회 2019 인지과학 Vol.30 No.4

정신장애에 관한 진화 연구는 다른 의학 연구에 비해 어렵다. 정신장애는 신체 질병에 비해 근연원인(proximate causation)이 불명확하고, 다양한 요인이 관여하며, 원인과 결과를 구분하기 어렵고, 실험적 연구를 수행하는 것도 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 이러한 난점에도 불구하고 우선 환원 모델을 이용하여 정신장애에 관한 진화 가설을 수립하고 이를 바탕으로 실제 데이터를 실증해나가는 방법이 가능할 것이다. 본고에서는 이러한 입장에서 생태학적 접근 방법을 진화정신의학 연구에 적용할 때 필요한 몇 가지 개념 정의에 대해 논의하고자 한다. 인간의 정신병리를 진화적으로 탐구할 때 적합한 설명의 수준, 연구 대상의 범위를 논의하고, 행동과 기능, 역기능의 개념 정의, 연구 대상으로서 적절한 선택의 층위에 대하여 다루고자 한다. Evolutionary research on mental disorders is relatively difficult compared to other medical studies. It is because the cause of mental disorder is unclear relative to other medical diseases, various proximate causations are involved. And it is difficult to distinguish cause and effect and to carry out experimental research. Despite these methodological difficulties, it is possible to establish an evolutionary hypothesis on mental disorders based on constructive reductionism, and to demonstrate actual data on the model based on this hypothesis. In this paper, I will discuss some conceptual definitions needed for applying ecological approaches to evolutionary psychiatric research. We will first discuss the appropriate level of explanations and the scope of the study subjects, then discuss the conceptual definition of behaviour and function, dysfunction and the appropriate level of selection.

Evolutionary Model of Depression as an Adaptation for Blocked Social Mobility

Park, Hanson,Pak, Sunyoung The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2022 생물정신의학 Vol.29 No.1

Objectives In regard to the social competition hypothesis, depression is viewed as an involuntary defeat strategy. A previous study has demonstrated that adaptation in microenvironments can result in a wide range of behavioural patterns including defense activation disorders. Using a simulation model with evolutionary ecological agents, we explore how the fitness of various defence activation traits has changed over time in different environments with high and low social mobility. Methods The Evolutionary Ecological Model of Defence Activation Disorder, which is based on the Marginal Value Theorem, was used to examine changes in relative fitness for individuals with defensive activation disorders after adjusting for social mobility. Results Our study examined the effects of social mobility on fitness by varying the d-values, a measure of depression in the model. With a decline in social mobility, the level of fitness of individuals with high levels of defense activation decreased. We gained insight into the evolutionary influence of varying levels of social mobility on individuals' degrees of depression. In the context of a highly stratified society, the results support a mismatch hypothesis which states that high levels of defence are detrimental. Conclusions Despite the fact that niche specialization in habitats composed of multiple microenvironments can result in diverse levels of defensive activation being evolutionary strategies for stability, decreased social mobility may lead to a decrease in fitness of individuals with highly activated defence modules. There may be a reason behind the epidemic of depression in modern society.

Cascading Effects of Problem Structuring Errors on Global Health Policy: Implementation, Ineffectiveness, and Failure

( Jessi Hanson-defusco ),( William N. Dunn ),( Dohyeong Kim ) 한국정책학회 2023 International Journal of Policy Studies Vol.14 No.1

Policy theories often analyze how institutional power-sharing and multi-dimensional approaches can improve development efforts during the implementation phase. Yet recent critiques of foreign assistance question whether failures in development may be attributed to issues earlier in the policy cycle. We develop a theoretical framework on how negative consequences of policy may relate to Type III errors early in the policy process. Subluxation can occur when external agents exclude adequate cooperation with localized agents during problem-structuring phases. Policies developed as a result may experience reverberating complications and involve hazards that are unanticipated or unnoticed by policymakers and other stakeholders until too-late, often placing vulnerable peoples most at risk. Based on a robust literature review, we conducted a comparative analysis of two case studies from the 2014-16 Liberian Ebola response to illustrate the theoretical framework and reviewed the process of framing development policy to improve a) policy feedback, and b) accountability for inclusive multilateral approaches, to ensure more effectual and sustainable change.