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허규 ( Gyoo Huh ),이현주 ( Heun-joo Lee ),최영준 ( Young-jun Choi ),김원석 ( Won-serk Kim ),이가영 ( Ga-young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2021 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.59 No.10
Granuloma annulare (GA) is a common non-infectious granulomatous disease. Generalized GA is the second most common variant of GA. It is often associated with recalcitrant disease progression despite treatment. The lesion of generalized GA typically presents widespread papules that coalesce to form annular plaques over the whole body. We report a case of a patient with disseminated papules and coalescing annular plaques, primarily involving the intertriginous area and mimicking tinea corporis or cruris. Histopathological findings confirmed the lesion as GA. This case underscored the unusual clinical presentation of generalized GA. A case of GA localized to the intertriginous area has rarely been reported. Given the recalcitrant nature of the disease, dermatologists should consider generalized GA as a differential diagnosis in patients with an annular lesion involving the intertriginous area. Thus, we report this as an atypical case of generalized GA localized to the intertriginous area. (Korean J Dermatol 2021;59(10):797∼800)
Ga-Young Lee,Dong-Seon Won,Hyo Jin No,Han-Na Jang,이주연 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.5
Methyl 2,4-di-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)benzylidenecyanoacetate (3) was prepared and polymerized with terephthaloyl chloride to yield a novel Y-type polyester 4 containing 2,4- dioxybenzylidenecyanoacetate groups as NLOchromophores, which constituted parts of the polymer backbone. The resulting polymer 4 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. Polymer 4 showed thermal stability up to 280 °C in thermogravimetric analysis with glass-transition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 108 °C . The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer films at the 1064 nm fundamental wavelength was around 3.54 × 10-9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibited a thermal stability up to near Tg and no significant SHG decay was observed below 100 °C due to the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.
Ga-Young Lee,Jin-Hyang Kim,Han-Na Jang,Dong-Seon Won,Hyo Jin No,이범구,Hee-Dok Choi 대한화학회 2009 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.30 No.3
1-{2,4-Di-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl}-2-(2-thienyl)ethene (5) was prepared and condensed with terephthaloyl chloride to yield polyester (6). Polymer 6 was reacted with tetracyanoethylene to give novel Y-type polyester (7) containing 1-(2,4-dioxyethoxy)phenyl-2-{5-(2,2,3-tricyanovinyl)-2-thienyl)}ethenyl groups as NLO-chromophores, which are parts the polymer backbones. Polymer 7 is soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. It showed thermal stability up to 300 oC in thermogravimetric analysis with glasstransition temperature obtained from differential scanning calorimetry near 134 °C . The second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficient (d33) of poled polymer film at the 1560 nm fundamental wavelength was around 6.74 x 10-9 esu. The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to the glass-transition temperature (Tg), and there was no SHG decay below 135 oC because of the partial main-chain character of polymer structure, which is acceptable for NLO device applications.
Lee, Do Won,Koo, Hee Seung,Yoo, Ga Young 경북대학교 환경과학연구소 1995 環境科學硏究所論文集 Vol.9 No.1
In addition to increasing atmospheric COz, ecosystems experience various levels of COz. For example, levels of COz must be heterogeneous in soil matrices as expected from spatial variation of denitrification rates (Parkin 1987). The patchy distribution of particulate organic matter may lead to highly variable levels of COz through microbial consumption of Oz in soil air, when isolation of air pocket due to poor aeration in soil pores impedes diffusive transport of gases. The isolation may occur at micropores inside soil aggregates and at macropores between aggregates. In particular, many confined air pockets may be distributed in poorly drained soils and even in general soils during and just after a period of rainfall. Two sandy loam soils were taken from in the south- and north-facing slopes. respectively, located at a local area of forest floors in Mt. Jumbong. After the soils were incubated for 6 weeks under five different environments of COa (final levels ranged from 0.00 to 1.95), available and microbial pools and mineralization of C. N, and P were determined. Overall. COz enrichment lowered pool of NHa-N and enlarged that of N03 -N in the soils, indicating that it stimulated nitrification, enlarged the ratio of microbial C/N, inhibited mineralization of organic C, and stimulated mineralization of N. Effect of COz enrichment on mineralization of organic C has not been identified
Won, Ga-Yeon,Moon, Bo-Mi,Oh, In-Gyeong,Matsuda, Kiku,Chaudhari, Atul A.,Hur, Jin,Eo, Seong-Kug,Yu, Il-Jeoung,Lee, Young-Ju,Lee, Yun-Sik,Kim, Byeong-Su,Lee, John Hwa Japan Poultry Science Association 2009 Journal of Poultry Science Vol.46 No.3
<P>The colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic <I>E. coli</I> (APEC) is responsible for a significant loss of productivity and mortality in the poultry industry. The pathogenicity of these bacteria is based on the presence and expression of various virulence factors. In this study, the presence of the 19 virulence-associated genes in APEC was determined using PCR. Among the 118 <I>E. coli</I> isolates from the chickens with colibacillosis, all contained at least one of the 19 genes as approximately 95% of the isolates contained <I>fimC.</I> Interestingly, the <I>clpG</I> gene, which has not been detected in APEC previously, was detected in half of the isolates. The ColV plasmid-associated genes such as <I>colV, tsh, iucC, iucD and iss</I> genes were also detected in 57.6, 55.9, 50.0, 47.5, 47.5 and 41.5% of isolates, respectively. With regard to the fimbrial genes, the <I>papA</I> (14.4%), papC (14.4%) and <I>papG</I> genes (15.2%) were identified at relatively low rates, none of the isolates harbored <I>afa8D, f17A</I> or <I>facA</I>, and only 3 of the isolates (2.5%) contained <I>eaeA.</I> In this study, 94 isolates harbored two or more of the genes, and there were 43 different patterns of gene combination in the isolates. The most common pattern, which was found in 14.4% (17 isolates), was <I>clpG-fimC-iutA-colV-tsh-iucC-iucD-irp2-fyuA-vat-iss.</I> Overall, these results suggest that APEC strains in this area commonly contain multiple virulence factors and approximately half of the APEC strains contained the ColV plasmid-associated genes. Especially, <I>colV</I> and <I>tsh</I> were detected more than half of the isoaltes.</P>
Pillar Type Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon Flash Memory Cells with Modulated Tunneling Oxide
Lee, Sang-Youl,Yang, Seung-Dong,Yun, Ho-Jin,Jeong, Kwang-Seok,Kim, Yu-Mi,Kim, Seong-Hyeon,Lee, Hi-Deok,Lee, Ga-Won,Oh, Jae-Sub The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2013 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.14 No.5
In this paper, we fabricated 3D pillar type silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) devices for high density flash applications. To solve the limitation between erase speed and data retention of the conventional SONOS devices, bandgap-engineered (BE) tunneling oxide of oxide-nitride-oxide configuration is integrated with the 3D structure. In addition, the tunneling oxide is modulated by another method of $N_2$ ion implantation ($N_2$ I/I). The measured data shows that the BE-SONOS device has better electrical characteristics, such as a lower threshold voltage ($V_{\tau}$) of 0.13 V, and a higher $g_{m.max}$ of 18.6 ${\mu}A/V$ and mobility of 27.02 $cm^2/Vs$ than the conventional and $N_2$ I/I SONOS devices. Memory characteristics show that the modulated tunneling oxide devices have fast erase speed. Among the devices, the BE-SONOS device has faster program/erase (P/E) speed, and more stable endurance characteristics, than conventional and $N_2$ I/I devices. From the flicker noise analysis, however, the BE-SONOS device seems to have more interface traps between the tunneling oxide and silicon substrate, which should be considered in designing the process conditions. Finally, 3D structures, such as the pillar type BE-SONOS device, are more suitable for next generation memory devices than other modulated tunneling oxide devices.
Lee Ga Young,Shin Gi Won,Park Young Mi,Lee Anbok,Park Ha Young,Lee Yoo Jin,Han Ji-Yeon 대한영상의학회 2021 대한영상의학회지 Vol.82 No.6
Post-partum galactocele is a common benign disease among breastfeeding women, whereas retromammary and peri-implant galactocele are relatively rare conditions. Herein, a 34-yearold, 1 month-postpartum female, who had augmentation mammoplasty and a 1-month history of breast pump use, presented with left breast enlargement for 2 weeks. An initial left breast US revealed hyperechoic peri-implant fluid collection. Additional US-guided fine needle aspiration was done using a 21G-needle, draining the milk component in the process, and cytologic results revealed numerous crystals, suggestive of galactocele. Various diseases, especially breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma, can cause peri-implant fluid collection in an augmented breast. Thus, correlating imaging features with clinical information and cytologic analysis plays an important role in appropriate management.
Tributyltin increases the expression of apoptosis- and adipogenesis-related genes in rat ovaries
Lee, Hyo-Jin,Lim, So-Jeong,Yun, Su-Jin,Yoon, A-Young,Park, Ga-Young,Yang, Hyun-Won The Korean Society for Reproductive Medicine 2012 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.39 No.1
Objective: Tributyltin (TBT), an endocrine disrupting chemical, has been reported to decrease ovarian function by causing apoptosis in the ovary, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, we examined whether TBT increases the expression of adipogenesis-related genes in the ovary and the increased expression of these genes is associated with apoptosis induction. Methods: Three-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered TBT (1 or 10 mg/kg body weight) or sesame oil as a control for 7 days. The ovaries were obtained and weighed on day 8, and then they were fixed for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) or frozen for RNA extraction. Using the total RNA of the ovaries, adipogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The ovarian weight was significantly decreased in rats administered 10 mg/kg TBT compared to that in control rats. As determined by the TUNEL assay, the number of apoptotic follicles in ovary was significantly increased in rats administered 10 mg/kg TBT. The real-time PCR results showed that the expression of adipogenesis-related genes such as $PPAR{\gamma}$, ${\alpha}P2$, CD36, and PEPCK was increased after TBT administration. In addition, apoptosis-related genes such as $TNF{\alpha}$ and TNFR1 were expressed more in the TBT-administered rats compared with the control rats. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that TBT induces the expression of adipogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes in the ovary leading to apoptosis in the ovarian follicles. These results suggest that the increased expression of adipogenesis-related genes in the ovary by TBT exposure might induce apoptosis resulting in a loss of ovarian function.