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Biofilter in Water and Wastewater Treatment
Chaudhary, Durgananda Singh,Vigneswaran, Saravanamuthu,Ngo, Huu-Hao,Shim, Wang Geun,Moon, Hee 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.20 No.6
Biofilter is one of the most important separation processes that can he employed to remove organic pollutants from air, water, and wastewater. Even though, it has been used over a century, it is still difficult to explain thmtically all the biological processes occurring in a hiofilter. In this paper, the fundamental of biological processes involved in the hiofilter is critically reviewed together with the mathematical modeling approach. The important operating and design parameters are discussed in detail with the typical values used for different applications. The most important parameter which governs this pmes is the biomass attached to the medium. The relative merits of Merent methods adopted in the measurement of the hiomass are discussed. The laboratory-and full-scale applications of the biofilter in water and wastewater treatment ax also presented. Their performances in terms of specific pollutant removal are highlighted.
Mathematical Modeling of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Biofiltration System
문희,심왕근,Durgananda Singh Chaudhary,Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran,Huu-Hao Ngo,Jae Wook Lee 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.1
In this study, a mathematical model of a fixed bed Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) biofiltration system was developed to predict the organic removal efficiency of the filter. The model consists of bulk transportation, adsorption, utilization, and biodegradation of organics. The variation of the specific surface area due to biofilm growth and the effect of filter backwash were also included in the model. The intrapellet diffusion and the diffusion of substrate in the biofilm were described by linear driving force approximation (LDFA) method. Biodegradation of organics was described by Monod kinetics. Sips adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the initial adsorption equilibrium of the system. The model showed that the organic removal efficiency of the biofilter greatly depends on the parameters related to the biological activities such as the maximum rate of substrate utilization (kmax) and biomass yield (Y) coefficients. Parameters such as suspended cell concentration (Xs) and decay constant (Kd) had little effects on the model simulation results. The filter backwash also had no significant impact on the performance of the biofilter.
Arsenic In Water : Concerns And Treatment Technologies
Tien, Vinh Nguyen,Chaudhary, Durgananda Singh,Ngo, Huu Hao,Vigneswaran, Saravanamuthu 한국공업화학회 2004 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.10 No.3
Arsenic (As) contamination in groundwater raises grave concerns in many parts of the world. Arsenic can cause severe health problems even at very low concentration. In the first part of this review, the available technologies to treat As-rich water are discussed. It was found that even conventional technologies, which can be readily adopted in rural areas of the developing countries, can reduce As concentrations to the required level. The efficiency of the treatment technologies is better for removing As(V) than it is for As(II1). The second part of this paper presents laboratory-scale experimental results with respect to specific treatment technologies, such as high-rate flocculation and a new membrane-adsorption system, for As removal. The results indicate that up to 78% of the As was removed when using a packed polystyrene-bead filter with in-line FeC13 addition at a high loading rate (30 m3/m2h). When powder-activated carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent for in-line addition to the membrane hybrid system, 87% removal of As was achieved when the mixing time was 2.7 min, the velocity gradient was 87.8 s', the average permeate flux was 760 L/㎡h and the membrane pore size was 0.2 m.
Mathematical Modeling of Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Biofiltration System
Shim, Wang Geun,Chaudhary, Durgananda Singh,Vigneswaran, Saravanamuthu,Ngo, Huu-Hao,Lee, Jae Wook,Moon, Hee 한국화학공학회 2004 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.21 No.1
In this study, a mathematical model of a fixed bed Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) biofiltration system was developed to predict the organic removal efficiency of the filter. The model consists of bulk transportation, adsorption, utilization, and biodegradation of organics. The variation of the specific surface area due to biofilm growth and the effect of filter backwash were also included in the model. The intrapellet diffusion and the diffusion of substrate in the biofilm were described by linear driving force approximation (LDFA) method. Biodegradation of organics was described by Monod kinetics. Sips adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the initial adsorption equilibrium of the system. The model showed that the organic removal efficiency of the biofilter greatly depends on the parameters related to the biological activities such as the maximum rate of substrate utilization(k_(max)) and biomass yield(Y) coefficients. Parameters such suspended cell concentration (X_(s)) and decay constant(K_(d)) had little effects on the model simulation results. The filter backwash also had no significant impact on the performance of the biofilter.