Amplatzer Septal Occluder를 이용한 심방중격결손 폐쇄의 초기 성격

이형두,박지애 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2009 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.25

심실 중격 결손에 동반된 승모판 폐쇄부전

이형두 동아대학교의과대학 1997 동아의대학술지 Vol.9 No.2

계면활성제의 체인길이에 따른 구형 MCM-41의 합성

이두형,최병열,장원철,서길수,이태진 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1999 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.27 No.1

Mesoporous MCM-41 exibits a hexagonal arrangement of uniform mesopores whose dimensions may be engineered in the range of ∼20Å to greater than 100Å. The MCM-41 typically have high surface areas above 1000m2/g, and then capacities of MCM-41 to accommodate the larger hydrocarbon is still higher than the general molecular sieve. At the present, many surfactants as organic templates have been proposed for various formations of these MCM-41. In this study, we synthesized mesoporous MCM-41 which has a spherically hexagonal structure. Also, the pore size of MCM-41 could be changed by the control of alkyl chain length of surfactants.

사람 Ferritin 유전자를 이용한 담배의 형질전환

이주안,김형석,임채완,김해영,박영두 경희대학교 생명자원과학연구원 2002 硏究論文集 Vol.22 No.-

사람 H-chain ferritin 유전자를 Agrobcterium-mediated transformation 방법으로 담배(Nicotiana tabaccum L)에 전이시켰다. 이를 위하여 사람 H-chain ferritin 유전자를 C_(S)VMV promotor와 NOS terminator를 운반하는 plant binary vector, pILTAB 357에 도입하였다. pILTAB 357를 포함하는 Agrobcterium tumefaciens LBA4404로 담배 잎 절편체를 감염시킨 후 형질전환 신초는 MS배지에 1 5 ㎎/L BA, 50 ㎎/L kanamycin 그리고 200 ㎎/L cefotaxim이 첨가된 1차 선발배지에서 유도하였다. 유도된 신초는 MS배지에 100 ㎎/L kanamycin과 200 ㎎/L cefotaxim이 포함된 2차 선발배지에서 뿌리를 유기하였다. 뿌리가 형성된 재분화 개체는 온실에서 재배하였으며 자가수분하여 종자를 수확하였다. 사람 H-chain ferritin유전자의 담배 genome내로의 전이여부를 H-chain ferritin 유전자내의 primer를 이용하여 PCR 방법으로 확인한 바 형질전환 개체에서 예상했던 560bp 단편을 볼 수 있었으나 형질전환을 시키지 않은 식물체에서는 PCR 산물을 확인할 수 없었다. Kanamycin 저항성 분석은 전이유전자의 후대로의 안정적인 유전을 보여 주었으며 저항성 종자들은 homozygous개체를 확보하기 위해 온실에서 재배 중에 있다. A human H-chain ferritin gene was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.) plants by Agrobcterium-mediated transformation. To introduce this gene, human ferritin gene was cloned into plant binary vector, pILTAB 357, horboring CsVMV promotor and nopalin synthase terminator (3' NOS). After infection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing pILTAB 357, transformed shoots were induced from first selection media (MS media + 1.5 ㎎/L BA + 50 ㎎/L kanamycin + 200 ㎎/L^(1) cefotaxim). Induced shoots were rooted in second selection media (MS media + 100 ㎎/L kanamycin + 200 ㎎/L cefotaxim). Rooted shoots were cultivated, selfed, and seeds were harvested in the green house. To confirm the transfer of the human H-chain ferritin gene in the genome of tobacco plants, PCR was conducted using specific primers of the H-chain femritin gene. A PCR fragment of 560 bp was obtained from each transformed plants, which is the predicted size of the H-cham ferritin gene but not from nontransformed plants. Kanamycin resistance assay showed that transgenes were stably inherited to next generation in all lines. These resistance seeds from each line were cultivated in the green house to obtain homozygous lines for further study.

初等學校 學生의 放課後 餘暇活動 實態調査 硏究

강두언,이세형 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1999 체육과학연구 Vol.5 No.-

The purpose of this study was to explore an efficient leisure activity guidance method for children, byexamining the fifith of sixth grade elementary school students view of leisure, their actual after-school leisure activities and their favorite leisure activities and gy seeking a means to have them have a right understanding of leiwure and to create better leisure environment The findings of this study were as follows : 1) The Consciousness of Lisure First, the subjects considered the meaning of leisure to kill time at one's option Second, they viewed leisure activities as indispensable and thought the bevefit of leisure activities wasto recreate oneself Third, they had an opinion that leisure activities had influence on learning and had a relation to health 2) The Actual After-School Leisure Activities First. the largest number of them went to an private tutoring institute named Hagwon weekdays after school. Most of them conducted leisure activities at home. Second, many of them enjoyed leisure activities for 3 or 4 hours over the weekend(or holidays). A large number of them watched television as leisure activity. and many other students got exercise. played away their time, or did something they were interested in for pleasure. Third, during vacation, the largest number of them did something they were interested in or had a talent for. Fourth. the person with whom they spent spare time was a friend. Boy students mainly played or got exercise with their friend in spare time, while girl students had a talk with their friend. Fifth, they watched television for 3 hours or more after school. The greatest number of them watched entertainment. comedy or show program. Sixth, they spent ten thousand won or less a month for leisure activities. The background variables made no difference to this point. Seventh, they thought they had enough spare time for leisure, and were satisfied with their current leisure activities. They used spare time so far to kill time without specific meaning, to recreate themselves. or to dispel stress. 3) Their Favorite Leisure Activities First. the type of leisure activity boy students most wanted to do was sports. followed by trip and electric entertainment game in the order named. For girl students, the most preferred one was a trip. followed by camping and sports in the order named. To enjoy better leisure activity. boy students called for sporting goods or recreation tools more than girl students, while many girl students called for cultural facilities( television or computer) or a friend. Second, concerning the fifth-grade students' favorite exercise, boy students in central area liked soccer most, and the next preferred one was baseball. Boy students in the suburbs of city was most fond of soccer and the next one was basketball. Girl students in central area liked dodge ball or badminton. and girl students in the suburbs were fond of dodge ball or swimming. For the sixth-grade students. boy students preferred soccer or basketball. Girl students in central area were fond of dodge ball or rollerskating. and girl students' favorite one in the suburbs was swimming or dodge ball. Third, the factor that made it difficult for them to enjoy leisure activities was work on studies and the lack of parent's understanding.

지구 온난화 문제에 대한 국내외 동향과 그 대책에 관한 연구

장원철,이두형,이태진 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.1

최근 전세계적으로 지구 온실효과 가스에 의해 야기되는 지구 온난화 현상에 대해 여러 가지 대응방안이 고려되고 있고 특히, 화석 연료의 사용과 관련된 이산화탄소에 의한 지구 온난화와 기후변화는 가장 심각한 문제로 나타나고 있다. 이런 전세계적인 우려는 마침내 기후변화에 대한 정부간 협의체인 COP를 결성시켰고 마침내 지난 1997년 12월 제3차 교토 COP에서 마침내 지구 온난화에 대한 국제적 규제사항으로 배출권거래제도, 공동이행제도, 자발적 협정 내용들이 논의 및 결정되었다. 그러나 이런 국제적인 논의에도 불구하고 국내의 이에 대한 대책은 단지적인 정책 대응에 미치고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 본 논문은 이런 상황과 결부하여 지구 온난화에 대한 전반적인 상황고찰과 그 대응책으로 지구 온난화 물질 배출에 대한 통계체제 확립, 에너지 절약 및 효율 개선책 마련, 토지의 효율적 이용과 산림관리, 대체에너지 개발과 이산화탄소 이용에 대한 연구개발 확대, 이에 대한 전문인력 확보방안에 대해 그 의견을 개진하여 논의하고자 하였다. This paper gives a consider of recent status and possible countermeasures against global warning caused by gases of the green house-effect. Especially, the global warming and climate change caused by the accelerative emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are the most crucial for human beings. The worldwide anxiety has resulted in the operation of COP (United Nation's Framework Convention of Climate Change) and the 3rd conference on COP was held in the early of December 1997 at Kyoto, Japan. Naturally, several scenarios planned on governmental or political basis was focused on strategic topics, such as the restruction on the amount of consumption of fossil fuels through 'Joint Implementation', 'Eaission Trading', and 'Voluntary Agreements' for the use of carbon sources. Although the climate change issue has been actively discussed in the world, the status of countermove in Korea is only now turning activity and under-develpment situation. This work reviews the conflicts embodied in contemporary debates concerning climate change, technology development, and economic restriction and suggests political strategies for the global warming, such as a construction of monitoring system on gases of green house effect-gas, energy saving, the development of alternative energy, the efficient use of a forest, and rearing of experts.

Digital 方式에 의한 直流電動機의 速度制御에 관한 硏究

金明起,洪昌喜,金斗泳,李炯基 東亞大學校 1980 東亞論叢 Vol.17 No.2

1. Object and Importance for Study In various industrial process controls it is often necessary to be able to adjust a DC motor's speed over a wide range with good speed resolution and reproducibility. Conventional analog control methods suffer on several accounts, including nonlinearlity in the analog speed transducer and difficulty in accurately transmitting the analog signal after it has been obtained from the transducer. Also, while manipulating the signal to effect control action on the motor, errors are incurred which are related to temperature, component aging, and extraneous disturbances. A digital speed control system is superior in that there is no nonlinearity in the speed transducer, the digital signal representing speed can be transmitted long distances with no degradation of the original accuracy, and the digitally developed control signal is not subject to temperature variations, component changes, or noise. There were a few papers on the study of digital methods for DC motor speed control in foreign countries, but no papers available in our country until we started to take this thesis. Hence, in this paper a digital method for DC motor speed control is proposed, and is to be tested through experiment for the performance of the proposed system. 2.Contents of Study A digital method for DC motor speed control is proposed. 3 phase SCR rectifier circuit can be phase-controlled by using the principle of digital phase shift generator, and six magnitude comparators provide proper firing pulse trains for SCRS. An arc-cosine conversion is performed by using PROM to improve linearity of the relationship between applied cosine wave and firing angle. In order to give amount of feedback digital signal by comparing and detecting the difference between reference speed and motor speed, there is provided with a speed control part which includes subtractor, adder, and etc. Through experiment we confirmed that the digital control system had no influnce of errors by noise and offset voltage, and that the simplification of SCR firing pulse synchronization for 3 phase supply voltage waveforms was obtained by six magnitude comparators and the linearity for the relationship between reference speed and motor speed was greatly improved. 3. Results of Study As a digital speed control method which provides the advantages of freedom from drift and offset errors, immunity of the control circuit from transients and distortion of supply voltage, a digital control method which uses the principle of digital phase shift generator is proposed. In addition, phase locked loop(PLL) control is provided which permits speed control with high degree of precision. Conclusions are as follows; (1) There phase SCR rectifier circuit can be phase-controlled by using the principle of digital phase shift generator. (2) An arc-cosine conversion by using PROM greatly improves the linearity of the relationship between firing angle and motor speed, and hence, motor speed can be controlled accurately. (3) By adding the speed control part as shown in Fig.9 to the system, motor speed follows accurately reference speed as shown in Fig.14. (4) By adding to the output side of the phase shift generator six magnitude comparators, each output of which has phase difference of sixty degrees. And so, there needs synchronization of firing pulses only for a single phase cosine voltage wave instead of synchronizations for three phase cosine voltage waves, that is, simplification of synchronization is obtained. (5) The principle of this control system can be extended to higher horse-power drives or to other phase-controlled converter circuits.

항정신병약물 사용 중인 정신분열병 환자에서 올란자판으로의 교체 방법에 관한 연구(II) : Comparison of Safety 안전성 비교

안용민,권용실,권준수,민성호,박두병,양문정,소형석,송종호,신윤식,우행원,유범희,이홍석,정한용,한창환,김용식 大韓神經精神醫學會 2002 신경정신의학 Vol.41 No.5

연구목적: 이 다기관 공동임상연구는 사용 중인 항정신병약물을 ’직접 교체 방법’또는 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’중 한 가지 방법으로 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, 안정성 측면에서 두 교체 방법 간의 비교와 교체후의 변화를 관찰하기 위한 것이다. 방법: 국내 13개 병원의 입원 및 외래에 내원한 환자들 중 ICD-10 지단기준으로 정신분열병에 해당되며, 임상적으로 항정신병약물 교체가 필요한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 두 가지 교체 방법 중 한 가지를 무작위로 피험자에 적용하였으며, ’직접 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우에는 사용중인 항정신병약물을 일시에 중단하고 10㎎의 올란자핀을 바로 투여하였고, ’시작-감량 교체 방법’에 배정된 경우는 10㎎의 올란자핀 투여하고 2주에 걸쳐서 기존 약물을 감량하여 중단하였다. 올란자핀 사용기간은 총 6주이며, 용량은 5∼20㎎ 범위로 제한하였다. 한정성 평가를 위해서 체중, 생명징후, 자발적인 이상반응 복, 실험실 검사 그리고 Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes akathisia rating scale(BARS), Abnormal involuntary movement scale(AIMS). Liverpool University neuroleptic side effect rating scale(LUNSERS)등을 이용하였다. 결과: 총 103명의 정신분열병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 사용한 올란자핀의 용량, 벤조디아제핀의 병용률, 탈락률과 탈락 사유, 자발적인 이상반응 보고, 생명징후, 실험실 검사 그리고 대부분의 부작용 척도 상에서 임상적으로 의미 있는 차이를 두 교체 방법간에 발견하지 못하였다. 다만 AIMS의 감소는 ’직접 교체 방법’군에서 보다 적었고, 항콜린제의 병용률은 ’시작-감량 교체 방법’군에서 보다 많았다. 기저 상태에서 전체 피험자의 SAS와 BARS 점수는 각각 3.5점과 1.8점이었으며 70% 이상의 피험자가 고프로락틴 혈증을 보였다. 올란자핀으로 교체한 후, SAS, BARS, AIMS 점수의 유의한 감소가 있었으며 고프로락틴 혈증을 보인 피험자 분율도 약 30%이하로 감소하였다. 그러나 교체 방법과 상관없이 올란자핀 교체 후 유의한 체중 증가가 있었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 교체 방법에 관계없이 비교적 안전하고 용이하게 올란자핀으로 교체 할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 기존 항정신병약물을 올란자핀으로 교체함으로써 일부 부작용들을 줄일 수 있음을 간접적으로 관찰할 수 있었다. 하지만 이 연구는 여러 제한점과 문제점을 지니고 있기 때문에 보다 체계적인 연구를 통해 검정이 필요하리라 생각된다. Objectives: This multicenter clinical trial involving 13 hospital sites compared the safely of switching to olanzapine between ’direct switching method’ and ’start-tapering switching method’. Method: This study included both inpatients and outpatients who fulfilled the criteria for schizophrenia as defined in the ICD-10, and were in need to be appropriate for switching antipsychotics. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the two switching methods. For ’direct switching method’group, previous antipsychotics were abruptly discontinued and 10㎎ of olanzapine was administered, and previous antipsychotics was gradually tapered for 2 weeks. Olanzapine was used for 6 weeks and the dose was adjusted within the range of 5-20㎎. The safety of switching to olanzapine was measured with vital sings including body weight, adverse events reported spontaneously, laboratory tests, and various scales such as Simpson-Angus Scale(SAS), Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale(BARS). Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS), and Liverpool University Neuroleptic Side Effect Rating Scale(LUNSERS). Results: 103 patients were switched to olanzapine in this study. The comparison between two switching methods did not show any significant difference in the dosage of olanzapine used, the concomitant use of benzodiazepine, the rate and reasons of drop-out, the adverse events, vital signs, laboratory tests, and most scales for measuring side-effects. However, the decrease in AIMS scores was significantly lower in ’direct switching method’ group, and the concomitant use of anticholinergics was comparatively greater in ’start-tapering switching method’ group. At baseline, SAS and BARS scores were 3.5 and 1.8 points respectively, and more than 70% of the subjects showed hyperprolactinemia. After switching to olanzapine, SAS, BARS, and AIMS scores were significantly decreased and the proportion of the patients with hyperprolactinemia was also decreased to less than 30%. However significant weight gain after the treatment of olanzapine was observed regardless of switching method. Conclusion: This study may suggest that switching to olanzapine can be done with relatively high safety regardless of switching methods and olanzapine can significantly decrease some side-effects induced by other antipsychotics.

Use of oxygen microsensors to measure the respiration rates of five dominant copepods and Euphausia crystallorophias furcilia from the Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica

Lee, Doo Byoul,Choi, Keun Hyung,Lee, Jae Seong,Lee, SangHoon,Park, Chul,Shin, Hyoung Chul Taylor Francis 2014 Marine and freshwater behaviour and physiology Vol.47 No.6

Effects of Antioxidants on the Gamma-Radiation Damage of the Cultured Vascular Smooth Mucle Cells of Rat Aorta

Lee, Jong-Doo,Choi, Hyoung-Chul,Kang, Young-Jin,Kim, Myung-Se,Lee, Kwang-Youn The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2007 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.11 No.5

To study the protective effects of antioxidants on the radiation damages of the cells, vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) from thoracic aorta of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured and irradiated with gamma-ray. Cell viability was measured by direct cell counting and MTT assay, and flow cytometry was performed to measure fractional distributions of the cells. Gamma-ray irradiation inhibited cell proliferations accompanied with decreased G1 phase and increased S- and G2/M phases, and the maximum effects were observed at 1500 or 2000 cGy. Submaximal concentrations of antioxidants, such as allopurinol, vitamin C, N-acetylcycteine(NAC), lipoic acid, dihydrolipoic acid and rebamipide tended to increase the cell viability suppressed by low dose of radiation(500 cGy), and enalapril and vitamin E increased it significantly. Allopurinol, vitamin E, NAC, lipoic acid, captopril and enalapril significantly increased G1 phase. Allopurinol and vitamin E tended to increase c-Myc expression, detected by Western blot, that was reduced by the radiation, and enalapril increased it significantly. The cell viability and c-Myc expression were highly correlated(r=0.97) with each other. These results suggest that antioxidants, especially enalapril and vitamin E, recover the viability of VSMC from gamma-radiation injury, through a mechanism which includes increase of c-Myc protein expression.