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Lim, Ju Won,Wang, Huan,Choi, Chi Hun,Kwon, Hannah,Quan, Li Na,Park, Won-Tae,Noh, Yong-Young,Kim, Dong Ha Elsevier 2019 Nano energy Vol.57 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this work, we developed the perovskite photodiodes based on the dimensionality-reduced quasi two-dimensional (Q-2D) photoactive layer structure by incorporating phenylethylammonium iodide (PEAI) into methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<SUB>3</SUB>), which effectively enhanced both the crystalline phase and the ambient stability of the perovskite. The Q-2D perovskite photodiode exhibited a dark current of 1.76 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> A/cm<SUP>2</SUP>, resulting in the detectivity (D*) of 2.20 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> J and responsivity of 0.53 A/W, which is among the highest performance levels without the voltage bias (0 V) due to the systematically optimized perovskite phase resulting in the reduced leakage current. In addition, the current density of Q-2D perovskite photodiode maintained 76% of the initial level current density even after 80 days in the ambient condition, compared to 15% of 3D perovskite photodiode control sample. Such superior performance and stability were mainly attributed to the enhanced degree of crystallization of the Q-2D perovskites, which was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurement. Also, the improved stability of Q-2D perovskite films was confirmed by both lifetime test and atomic force microscopy studies where the negligible number of pinholes was observed in the quasi-2D perovskite films while considerable deformations were found in the 3D perovskites photodiode. Our study suggests a simple and robust protocol for the development of stable and high-performance perovskite photodetectors via dimensional and constitutional optimization of conventional perovskites for the practical usage of perovskite in the photodiode applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The Q-2D perovskite photodiode exhibited the D* of 2.20 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> J and R of 0.53 A/W without the voltage bias (0 V). </LI> <LI> The current density of Q-2D perovskite photodiode maintained 76 % of the initial level while 15 % for the 3D one. </LI> <LI> Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) analysis revealed the origin of the stability improvement. </LI> <LI> Quasi-2D perovskite materials can be promising candidates for stable, tunable and flexible optoelectronic applications. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Dimensionality-controlled perovskite photodiodes with improved stability were systematically fabricated while retaining the comparable electrical performance of conventional three-dimensional perovskites. The quasi-2D perovskite photodetector exhibited an improved detectivity of 2.20 × 10<SUP>12</SUP> J performance and maintained 76% of initial level while the performance of three-dimensional perovskite photodetector remained only 15% after 80 days. Our study suggests a facile solution for the poor stability of the three-dimensional perovskite, with a potential for the development of highly-stable perovskite optoelectronics.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Chi, Liang,Jang, Won-Mee,Nguyen, Lim The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.3
We propose self-encoded spread spectrum with two different iterative detection methods in multi-channel communication. The centralized iterative detection outperforms the iterative detection distributed over multiple channels. The results show that self-encoded spread spectrum with the centralized iterative detection is an excellent candidate for cognitive radio network.
Interrelationship Between Clonidine-Induced Hypotension and Opiate Receptors in Rabbits
Lim, Dong-Yoon,Hwang, Chi-Won,Kim, Bong-Han,Yoon, Joong-Keun,Lee, Jong-Jin,Kang, Tae-Joon,Choi, Cheol-Hee 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1
Clonidine은 특히 중추에서 adrenergic alpha₂-receptor의 효능약으로 카테콜아민의 유리를 억제하므로써 혈압강하제로 상용되는 약물이다. Urethane 마취 가토를 이용하여 clonidine 의 혈압하강 반응 및 심박감소 반응에 대한 opiate 수용체와의 상관성을 관찰하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. Clonidine(5-20ug/㎏)을 가토의 대퇴정맥내로 투여시 용량의존성의 현저한 혈압하강 및 심박감소 반응을 나타내었다. 또한 Clonidine(2.5-10ug)을 측뇌실내로 투여시에도 용량의존성의 유의성인 혈압 하강 및 심박감소 작용을 나타내었다. Opiate 수용체 길항약인 naloxone(30ug /㎏/30min)을 정 내로 전처치한 다음에는 clonidine의 정맥 및 측뇌실내 투여에 의한 혈압강하 및 심박감소 반응이 뚜렷이 억제 되었다. 측뇌실내로 naloxone(8ug)을 투여한 후에도 정맥 및 측뇌실내 clonidine으로 나타나는 혈압하강 및 심박감소 작용이 현저하게 감약되었다. 본 연구에서 사용된 용량에서 naloxone은 측뇌실내 및 정맥내에 투여시 혈압 및 심박에 별다른 영향을 미치지 못했었다. 이상과 같은 연구결과로 보아 clonidine의 혈압하강 및 심박감소 작용은 적어도 opiate 수용체의 활성화를 통해서 나타나는 것으로 사료된다. The present investigation was designed to examine the interrelationship between clonidine-induced hypotension and opiate receptors in the urethane-anesthetized rabbits. Clonidine (5-20ug / kg) given into a femoral vein of the rabbit produced a dose-related, marked fall in arterial blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate. Intraventricular clonidine (2.5-10ug) caused dose-dependent and significant hypotensive and bradycardic responses. Intravenous naloxone (30ug / kg / 30min), an opiate receptor antagonist, when given prior to c1onidine, prevented significantly hypotensive and bradycardic responses induced by introvenous of intraventricular clonidine. Naloxone injected into a lateral ventricle before clonidine administration inhibited greatly intravenous and intraventricular clonidine-evoked depressor and bradycardia. Both intravenous and intraventricular naloxone at doses used in the present study did not affect arterial blood pressure and heart rate, suggesting that naloxone increases sympathetic nerve activity peripherally, and may abolish clonidine-induced depressor and bradycardia by also increasing sympathetic activity in the central nervous system through blockade of opiate receptors. From the present experimental data, it. is considered that the hypotensive and bradycardic effect of clonidine may be mediated at least partly through interactions with endogenous opiate peptides.
Seismic performance evaluation of a three-dimensional unsymmetrical reinforced concrete building
Lim, Hyun-Kyu,Kang, Jun Won,Lee, Young-Geun,Chi, Ho-Seok Techno-Press 2016 Multiscale and multiphysics mechanics Vol.1 No.2
Reinforced concrete (RC) structures require advanced analysis techniques for better estimation of their seismic responses, especially in the case of exhibiting complex three-dimensional coupling of torsional and flexural behaviors. This study focuses on validating a numerical approach for evaluating the seismic response of a three-dimensional unsymmetrical RC structure through the participation in the SMART 2013 international benchmark program. The benchmark program provides material properties, detailed drawings of the RC structure, and input ground motions for the seismic response evaluation. In this study, nonlinear constitutive models of concrete and rebar were formed and local tests were conducted to verify the constitutive models in finite element analysis. Elastic calibration of the finite element model of the SMART 2013 RC structure was performed by comparing numerical and experimental results in modal and linear time history analyses. Using the calibrated model, nonlinear earthquake analysis and seismic fragility analysis were performed to estimate the behavior and vulnerability of the RC structure with various ground motions.
( Chi Hoon Lee ),( Hyun Phil Shin ),( Joung Il Lee ),( Kwang Ro Joo ),( Jae Myung Cha ),( Jung Won Jeon ),( Jun Uk Lim ),( Joon Ki Min ),( Dong Hee Kim ),( Sung Wook Kang ),( Hyun Jun Joung ) 대한간학회 2013 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.19 No.4
Background/Aims: To identify the predicting factors of present hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients with positivity for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV). Methods: We analyzed patients who showed positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) results and performed an HCV RNA test as a confirmatory test at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from June 2006 to July 2012. The features distinguishing the groups with positive and negative HCV RNA results were reviewed. Results: In total, 490 patients were included. The results of the HCV RNA test were positive and negative in 228 and 262 patients, respectively. The index value of anti-HCV, mean age, platelet counts, total bilirubin, prothrombin time international normalized ratio, albumin and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels differed significantly between the two groups. On multivariable analysis, an index value of anti-HCV >10 [odds ratio (OR)=397.27, P<0.001), ALT >40 IU/L (OR=3.64, P=0.001), and albumin <3.8 g/dL (OR=2.66, P=0.014) were related to present HCV infection. Conclusions: Although EIA is not a quantitative test, considering the anti-HCV titer with ALT and albumin levels may be helpful in predicting present of HCV infection.
Lim, Ju Won,Wang, Huan,Choi, Chi Hun,Quan, Li Na,Chung, Kyungwha,Park, Won-Tae,Noh, Yong-Young,Kim, Dong Ha Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.438 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Developing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high-efficiency and a low-temperature process has great potential for the realization of the scalable, economic, and roll-to-roll based renewable energy conversion devices. ZnO has been recognized as the promising electron transport layer (ETL) that may overcome the limitations of the conventional TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. However, methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<SUB>3</SUB>) perovskite is prone to decomposition at the ZnO surface, which hinders the development of simple one-step deposition of perovskite, resulting in the limited photovoltaic performance. Herein, we report interlayer mediated efficient ETLs for viable flexible PSCs. The utilization of polyethyleneimine ethoxylated layer on ZnO prevents the direct contact between the perovskite and ETLs, avoiding the photoactive layer decomposition. Thus, interlayer-mediated PSCs show higher efficiency with enhanced stability by decreasing the electron transport barrier. As a result, the PSC employing tailor-designed ETL interfaces exhibited average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.8%, which was superior by 25.4% to that of a control device (12.6%). With our strategy, we further demonstrated PSCs on flexible substrates which exhibit an average PCE of 11.9% under low-temperature fabrication. The new interface engineering strategy may pave the way to the realization of high performance, easy-to-process, and large-area perovskite optoelectronics.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Universal interface engineering technique for highly stable flexible PSCs. </LI> <LI> The in-depth investigation into the enhanced stability and high-efficiency PSCs. </LI> <LI> Interlayer mediated PSC exhibits 15.8% PCE, superior by 25.4% to control device. </LI> <LI> Low-temperature processed PSCs for the next-generation renewable energy sources. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Coupling of ent-Cyclic Peroxide and Ircinol A, Two Biologically Active Natural Marine Products
Lim, Chi-Won,Kim, Yeun-Kye,Jang, Mi-Soon,Park, Jin-Il,Park, Hee-Yeun The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2006 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.9 No.4
An acidic ent-cyclic peroxide was isolated from a sponge, Plakotis sp., and showed activity against leishmaniasis and pathogenic fungi. To improve the activity of this compound, we coupled the acidic ent-cyclic at the C1 position of ircinol A. Compound 3 exhibited significant activity against Leishmania mexican a and fungi with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.7 and $0.3-34{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The yield of compound 3 was 98%.