Original Article : Synergistic Effects of Dietary Vitamins C and E on Methylmercury-Induced Toxicity in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

( Gunhyun Park ),( Hyeonho Yun ),( Seunghan Lee ),( Fasil Taddese ),( Sungchul C. Bai ) 한국수산과학회(구 한국수산학회) 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of vitamin C and E on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In a 3×3 factorial design, 9 experimental diets containing three different vitamin C (0, 200 or 400 mg/kg diet in the form of l-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate) and vitamin E (0, 100 or 200 mg/kg diet in the form of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate) levels with the Hg toxicity level (20 mg/kg diet in the form of MeHg). Triplicate groups of fish averaging 2.3 ± 0.05 g (mean ± SD) were fed one of the 9 diets in a flow through system for 8 weeks. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet with 100 or 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet at all vitamin E levels and those which fed vitamin C and E equally at a rate of 200 mg/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 200 and 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower Hg concentration in their muscle as well as kidney than did fish fed the other diets. Therefore, these results clearly indicated that the synergistic effects of these two vitamins on MeHg toxicity by supplementing dietary vitamin C (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) with vitamin E (100 and 200 mg/kg diet) in juvenile olive flounder.

Re-evaluation of the Optimum Dietary Vitamin C Requirement in Juvenile Eel, Anguilla japonica by Using L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate

Bae, Jun-Young,Park, Gun-Hyun,Yoo, Kwang-Yeol,Lee, Jeong-Yeol,Kim, Dae-Jung,Bai, Sung-Chul C. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.1

This study was conducted to re-evaluate the dietary vitamin C requirement in juvenile eel, Anguilla japonica by using L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate (AMP) as the vitamin C source. Five semi-purified experimental diets were formulated to contain 0 ($AMP_0$), 30 ($AMP_{24}$), 60 ($AMP_{52}$), 120 ($AMP_{108}$) and 1,200 ($AMP_{1137}$) mg AMP $kg^{-1}$ diet on a dry matter basis. Casein and defatted fish meal were used as the main protein sources in the semi-purified experimental diets. After a 4-week conditioning period, fish initially averaging $15{\pm}0.3$ g (mean${\pm}$SD) were randomly distributed to each aquarium as triplicate groups of 20 fish each. One of five experimental diets was fed on a DM basis to fish in three randomly selected aquaria, at a rate of 3% of total body weight, twice a day. At the end of the feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) for fish fed $AMP_{52}$ and $AMP_{108}$ were significantly higher than those recorded for fish fed the control diet (p<0.05). Similarly, feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) for fish fed $AMP_{52}$ were significantly higher than those for fish fed the control diet (p<0.05). Broken-line regression analysis on the basis of WG, SGR, FE and PER showed dietary vitamin C requirements of juvenile eel to be 41.1, 41.2, 43.9 and 43.1 (mg $kg^{-1}$ diet), respectively. These results indicated that the dietary vitamin C requirement could range from 41.1 to 43.9 mg $kg^{-1}$ diet in juvenile eel when L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate was used as the dietary source of vitamin C.

Synergistic Effects of Dietary Vitamins C and E on Methylmercury-Induced Toxicity in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

Park, Gunhyun,Yun, Hyeonho,Lee, Seunghan,Taddese, Fasil,Bai, Sungchul C. The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2015 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.18 No.2

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of vitamin C and E on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In a $3{\times}3$ factorial design, 9 experimental diets containing three different vitamin C (0, 200 or 400 mg/kg diet in the form of l-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate) and vitamin E (0, 100 or 200 mg/kg diet in the form of dl-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate) levels with the Hg toxicity level (20 mg/kg diet in the form of MeHg) were formulated. Triplicate groups of fish averaging $2.3{\pm}0.05g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were fed one of the 9 diets in a flow through system for 8 weeks. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet with 100 or 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet at all vitamin E levels and those which fed vitamin C and E equally at a rate of 200 mg/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 200 and 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower Hg concentration in their muscle as well as kidney than did fish fed the other diets. Therefore, these results clearly indicated that the synergistic effects of these two vitamins on MeHg toxicity by supplementing dietary vitamin C (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) with vitamin E (100 and 200 mg/kg diet) in juvenile olive flounder.

A Donor–Acceptor–Donor Structured Organic Conductor with S···S Chalcogen Bonding

Bai, Monalisa,Thomas, Sajesh P.,Kottokkaran, Ranjith,Nayak, Susanta K.,Ramamurthy, Praveen C.,Guru Row, T. N. American Chemical Society 2014 Crystal Growth & Design Vol.14 No.2

<P>A novel thiophene derivative 7,9-di(thiophen-2-yl)-8<I>H</I>-cyclopenta[a]acenaphthylen-8-one (DTCPA) is shown to exhibit high electrical conductivity (1.97 × 10<SUP>–2</SUP> ± 0.0018 S/cm at RT) in the crystalline state. The material shows two orders of increase in conductivity from normal solid to single crystalline state. The crystal structure has S···S chalcogen bonding, C–H···O hydrogen bonding, and π···π stacking as the major intermolecular interactions. The nature and strength of the S···S interactions in this structure have been evaluated by theoretical charge density analysis, and its contribution to the crystal packing quantified by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Further, thermal and morphological characterizations have been carried out, and the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency has been measured using the Kurtz–Perry method.</P><P>A novel donor−acceptor−donor structured material with S···S chalcogen bonding is shown to exhibit high electrical conductivity in the crystalline state. Two different types of intermolecular S···S interactions present in the material are shown to be similar to type I and type II halogen bonds, in terms of charge density distribution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-2/cg401069y/production/images/medium/cg-2013-01069y_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg401069y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

先天性 腦水腫 3例

鄭榮泰,張維臣,元昶龍,李仁哲,裵炳? 대한적십자사 1979 적십자병원지 Vol.6 No.1

Comparison of the Nutritional Value of Chlorella ellipsoidea and Nannochloris oculata for Rotifers and Artemia Nauplii

Cabrera Tomas,Bae Jean Hee,Bai Sungchul C.,Hur Sung Bum The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2005 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.8 No.4

Microalgae are widely used for mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in aquaculture. Since the nutritional value of the rotifer is closely related to its food, the nutritional value of its food should be known in detail. Chlorella ellipsoidea and Nannochloris oculata are re­presentative food organisms for rotifers that are easily cultured. Therefore, the nutritional values of these micro algae were examined for ultrasmall, small, and large rotifers and Artemia nauplii. Chlorella ellipsoidea contained seven times more total fatty acids than N. oculata. The three types of rotifer fed N. oculata contained more amino acids than those fed C. ellipsoidea. However, the total fatty acids of the rotifers fed each microalga species differed according to the type of rotifer. Newly hatched Artemia nauplii contained more protein and had a higher dry weight than those fed microalgae for 6 h. As with the rotifers, the Artemia nauplii fed N. oculata contained more protein and amino acids than those fed C. ellipsoidea, while the reverse was true for the total fatty acid content. Our results suggest that N. oculata is a good supply of protein, while C. ellipsoidea is a good source of lipids as food organisms for rotifers and Artemia nauplii in aquaculture.

SEARCHES FOR EXTENDED AND POINT-LIKE NEUTRINO SOURCES WITH FOUR YEARS OF ICECUBE DATA

Aartsen, M. G.,Ackermann, M.,Adams, J.,Aguilar, J. A.,Ahlers, M.,Ahrens, M.,Altmann, D.,Anderson, T.,Arguelles, C.,Arlen, T. C.,Auffenberg, J.,Bai, X.,Barwick, S. W.,Baum, V.,Beatty, J. J.,Tjus, J. Be IOP Publishing 2014 The Astrophysical journal Vol.796 No.2

<P>We present results on searches for point-like sources of neutrinos using four years of IceCube data, including the first year of data from the completed 86 string detector. The total livetime of the combined data set is 1373 days. For an E-2 spectrum, the observed 90% C. L. flux upper limits are similar to 10(-12) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) for energies between 1 TeV and 1 PeV in the northern sky and similar to 10(-11) TeV-1 cm(-2) s(-1) for energies between 100 TeV and 100 PeV in the southern sky. This represents a 40% improvement compared to previous publications, resulting from both the additional year of data and the introduction of improved reconstructions. In addition, we present the first results from an all-sky search for extended sources of neutrinos. We update the results of searches for neutrino emission from stacked catalogs of sources and test five new catalogs; two of Galactic supernova remnants and three of active galactic nuclei. In all cases, the data are compatible with the background-only hypothesis, and upper limits on the flux of muon neutrinos are reported for the sources considered.</P>

Soluble V Domain of Nectin-1/HveC Enables Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) into HSV-Resistant Cells by Binding to Viral Glycoprotein D

Kwon, Heechung,Bai, Qing,Baek, Hyun-Jung,Felmet, Kelly,Burton, Edward A.,Goins, William F.,Cohen, Justus B.,Glorioso, Joseph C. American Society for Microbiology 2006 Journal of virology Vol.80 No.1

<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Interaction of herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) with specific cellular receptors is essential for HSV infection of susceptible cells. Virus mutants that lack gD can bind to the cell surface (attachment) but do not enter, implying that interaction of gD with its receptor(s) initiates the postattachment (entry) phase of HSV infection. In this report, we have studied HSV entry in the presence of the gD-binding variable (V) domain of the common gD receptor nectin-1/HveC to determine whether cell association of the gD receptor is required for HSV infection. In the presence of increasing amounts of the soluble nectin-1 V domain (sNec1123), increasing viral entry into HSV-resistant CHO-K1 cells was observed. At a multiplicity of 3 in the presence of optimal amounts of sNec1123, approximately 90% of the cells were infected. The soluble V domain of nectin-2, a strain-specific HSV entry receptor, promoted entry of the HSV type 1 (HSV-1) Rid-1 mutant strain, but not of wild-type HSV-1. Preincubation and immunofluorescence studies indicated that free or gD-bound sNec1123 did not associate with the cell surface. sNec1123-mediated entry was highly impaired by interference with the cell-binding activities of viral glycoproteins B and C. While gD has at least two functions, virus attachment to the cell and initiation of the virus entry process, our results demonstrate that the attachment function of gD is dispensable for entry provided that other means of attachment are available, such as gB and gC binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans.</P>

水稻의 亞黃酸가스 煙害에 관한 硏究 (Ⅰ) : 被害水稻의 營養學的實態와 品種抵抗性 Survey of nutritional status of suffered rice plant and varietal resistance

曺鍾澤,裵泰雄,韓熙世,河祥永,文炳周,金正基,孫賢秀 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1978 硏究報告 Vol.2 No.1

Absorption of sulfur dioxide by rice plant of 10 varieties and its relation to the varietal resistance and nutrient contents of leaves in accordance with the increased sulfur contents were studied on rice plants in Ulsan district suffered from smoke injury as compared with those in Jinju district being not suffered. 1. The typical symptoms of SO₂ gas injury showing the smoky spots were presented on suffered leaves of rice plant in Ulsan district, however no symptoms were appeared in Jinju. 2. Soluble sulfur contents of leaves in affected rice plant in Ulsan were generally high, presenting the amount of 0.176%. 3. Average nitrogen content of suffered leaves in Ulsan was 1.68%, and showed statistically high correlation with soluble sulfur content. The correlation coefficient(r) was +0.557. 4. Negative correlation were revealed between S and Ca, K and P contents of leaves, having the coefficient of -0.354, -0.378, -0.27 respectively, and no significant correlation was found. 5. Mn, Mg and SiO₂ contents of leaves were showed no connection with S content of leaves. 6. The ratio of SiO₂/N and K₂O/N of leaves were highly correlated with S content having the coefficient of -0.535, -0.512 respectively. The ratio of K₂O/SiO₂ and CaO/MgO were not significantly correlated with S content. 7. Of the rice yield components, weight of unpolished rice per 10a, weight of unhulled rice 「per 10a, mating ratio, number of grain per panicle, 「panicle length and clum length of affected rice plant in Ulsan district were remarkedly reduced as compared with healthy rice plant in Jinju. 8. Weight of unpolished rice, number of grain per panicle and number of panicle, of the yield components for suffered rice plant in Ulsan district were revealed high amount in "Nopoong" variety and in "Milyang 23", the next.

Effects of Microalgae and Salinity on the Growth of Three Types of the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

Cabrera Tomas,Bae Jean Hee,Bai Sungchul C.,Hur Sung Bum The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2005 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.8 No.2

We investigated the effects of salinity and three food species of microalgae on the growth of three types of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, with the aim of improving mass culture of rotifers in hatcheries. Three types (large, small, and ultra-small) of the rotifer were cultured at 16 ppt and 32 ppt salinity with the green algae Chlorella ellipsoidea, Nannochloris oculata, or Tetraselmis tetrathele. The maximum density and specific growth rate were compared for each rotifer type. Ultra-small rotifers grew significantly faster at 16 ppt salinity than at 32 ppt, and C. ellipsoidea and T. tetrathele promoted significantly higher growth than did N. oculata. However, small rotifers grew significantly better at 32 ppt salinity than at 16 ppt, and small rotifers fed on N. oculata achieved the highest density at 1,185 individuals/ml. Large rotifers grew faster at 16 ppt salinity than at 32 ppt, with a diet of T. tetrathele resulting in the fastest growth. Each type of rotifer thrived under different regimens of microalgae and salinity.