Influence of Moisture Content and Seed Dimensions on Mechanical Oil Expression from African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) Seed

( Aremu ),( Ademola K. ),( Ogunlade ),( Clement A. ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.4

New low-cost oilseeds are needed to meet an ever-increasing demand for oil for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. African oil bean seed is a tropical crop that is underutilized and has high oil yields, but there have been no studies conducted on its mechanical oil expression up to now. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of moisture content and seed dimensions on mechanical oil expression from the seeds. Methods: Fresh oil bean seeds were procured, de-hulled, and cleaned. Initial seed moisture content, obtained in accordance with the ASAE standard, was 12% dry basis (db). The seeds were further conditioned by dehydration and rehydration prior to oil expression to obtain four other moisture levels of 8, 10, 14, and 16% db. The major diameter of the seeds was measured using digital vernier calipers, and the seeds were classified into size dimensions (< 40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, and > 55 mm). The oil yield and expression efficiency were obtained in accordance with standard evaluation methods. Results: The highest oil yield and expression efficiency (47.74% and 78.96%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 8% db and seed dimensions of < 40 mm, while the lowest oil yield and expression efficiency (41.35% and 68.28%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 14% db and seed dimensions between 51-55 mm. A mathematical model was developed to predict oil yield for known moisture content and seed dimensions, with a coefficient of determination R² of 95% and the confidence level of the predictive model of 84.17%. The probability of prediction F ratio showed that moisture content influence was more significant than seed dimensions. Conclusions: The higher the moisture content and larger the seed dimensions, the lower the oil yield from African oil bean seeds.

Influence of Moisture Content and Seed Dimensions on Mechanical Oil Expression from African Oil Bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth) Seed

Aremu, Ademola K,Ogunlade, Clement A 한국농업기계학회 2016 바이오시스템공학 Vol.41 No.3

Purpose: New low-cost oilseeds are needed to meet an ever-increasing demand for oil for food, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. African oil bean seed is a tropical crop that is underutilized and has high oil yields, but there have been no studies conducted on its mechanical oil expression up to now. The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of moisture content and seed dimensions on mechanical oil expression from the seeds. Methods: Fresh oil bean seeds were procured, de-hulled, and cleaned. Initial seed moisture content, obtained in accordance with the ASAE standard, was 12% dry basis (db). The seeds were further conditioned by dehydration and rehydration prior to oil expression to obtain four other moisture levels of 8, 10, 14, and 16% db. The major diameter of the seeds was measured using digital vernier calipers, and the seeds were classified into size dimensions (< 40, 41-45, 46-50, 51-55, and > 55 mm). The oil yield and expression efficiency were obtained in accordance with standard evaluation methods. Results: The highest oil yield and expression efficiency (47.74% and 78.96%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 8% db and seed dimensions of < 40 mm, while the lowest oil yield and expression efficiency (41.35% and 68.28%, respectively) were obtained for a moisture content of 14% db and seed dimensions between 51-55 mm. A mathematical model was developed to predict oil yield for known moisture content and seed dimensions, with a coefficient of determination R 2 of 95% and the confidence level of the predictive model of 84.17%. The probability of prediction F ratio showed that moisture content influence was more significant than seed dimensions. Conclusions: The higher the moisture content and larger the seed dimensions, the lower the oil yield from African oil bean seeds.

Development and Performance of a Jatropha Seed Shelling Machine Based on Seed Moisture Content

Aremu, A.K.,Adeniyi, A.O.,Fadele, O.K. Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.2

Purpose: The high energy requirement of extraction of oil from jatropha seed and reduction of loss in oil content between whole seed and kernel of jatropha necessitate seed shelling. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the performance of a jatropha seed shelling machine based on seed moisture content. Methods: A shelling machine was designed and constructed for jatropha seed. The components are frame, hopper, shelling chamber, concave, and blower with discharge units. The performance evaluation of the machine was carried out by determining parameters such as percentage of whole kernel recovered, percentage of broken kernel recovered, percentage of partially shelled seed, percentage of unshelled seed, machine capacity, machine efficiency, and shelling efficiency. All of the parameters were evaluated at five different moisture levels: 8.00%, 9.37%, 10.77%, 12.21%, and 13.68% w.b.). Results: The shelling efficiency of the machine increased with increase in seed moisture content; the percentage of whole kernel recovered and percentage of partially shelled seed decreased with increase in moisture content; and percentage of broken kernel, machine efficiency, and percentage of unshelled seed followed a sinusoidal trend with moisture content variation. Conclusion: The best operating condition for the shelling machine was at a moisture content of 8.00% w.b., at which the maximum percentage of whole kernel recovered was 23.23% at a shelling efficiency of 73.95%.

Agricultural Process and Food Engineering : Original Article ; Development and Performance of a Jatropha Seed Shelling Machine Based on Seed Moisture Content

( A. K. Aremu ),( A. O. Adeniyi ),( O. K. Fadele ) 한국농업기계학회 2015 바이오시스템공학 Vol.40 No.2

Purpose: The high energy requirement of extraction of oil from jatropha seed and reduction of loss in oil content betweenwhole seed and kernel of jatropha necessitate seed shelling. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate theperformance of a jatropha seed shelling machine based on seed moisture content. Methods: A shelling machine wasdesigned and constructed for jatropha seed. The components are frame, hopper, shelling chamber, concave, and blower withdischarge units. The performance evaluation of the machine was carried out by determining parameters such as percentageof whole kernel recovered, percentage of broken kernel recovered, percentage of partially shelled seed, percentage ofunshelled seed, machine capacity, machine efficiency, and shelling efficiency. All of the parameters were evaluated at fivedifferent moisture levels: 8.00%, 9.37%, 10.77%, 12.21%, and 13.68% w.b.). Results: The shelling efficiency of the machineincreased with increase in seed moisture content; the percentage of whole kernel recovered and percentage of partiallyshelled seed decreased with increase in moisture content; and percentage of broken kernel, machine efficiency, andpercentage of unshelled seed followed a sinusoidal trend with moisture content variation. Conclusion: The best operatingcondition for the shelling machine was at a moisture content of 8.00% w.b., at which the maximum percentage of wholekernel recovered was 23.23% at a shelling efficiency of 73.95%.

Brand Marketing Strategy of Live Streaming in Mobile Era : A Case Study of Tmall Platform

Liu, Lin,Aremu, Emmanuel Olugbemisola,Yoo, Dongwoo Institute of Management Research 2020 Journal of East Asia Management Vol.1 No.1

In recent years, with the rapid development of network live streaming, with the popularization of mobile Internet and mobile terminal equipment, the live streaming industry has ushered in great development. A sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 makes the PC end live streaming which has been developed for many years enter a new era, giving birth to the rapid development of mobile end live streaming. Not only because of the expansion of the live streaming industry market, the rise of the trend of the national live streaming, but also because the mobile live streaming is more and more valued by the brand, becoming an important tool for brand communication and product promotion. It is because of its unique communication characteristics that some scholars believe that the era of precision marketing has been opened by live network. Mobile live from the initial fans to reward and promote the brand, to now in the form of live marketing, consumers can "buy while watching". The time period from the understanding of the goods to the final completion of the purchase behavior has been greatly shortened. It is conducive to improving sales volume and brand awareness. Marketing communication through mobile live platform has become a popular way of brand marketing. This paper mainly studies the current situation, methods, problems and development strategies of brand marketing activities with the help of live streaming platform under the background of mobile internet. Taking Tmall live streaming platform as an example, this paper analyzes several ways of brand marketing with the help of live streaming and some universal characteristics of live streaming marketing by using the relevant theories of marketing. In view of the problems existing in live streaming brand marketing, it puts forward relevant Improvement measures. First of all, the paper puts forward the innovation in content and form. Second, the paper suggests that we should make full use of new technologies such as AR and VR to effectively combine with mobile live broadcasting. Third, the paper explores the integration of multiple channels to create intelligent marketing, and further optimize the live interface of mobile terminals. Finally, the paper emphasizes that the government departments and the platform itself should jointly supervise the mobile network live streaming platform and establish a good live broadcasting environment for mobile terminals. With the help of mobile live streaming, the marketing mode has an important impact on the promotion of brand marketing. How to make better use of this business mode and accurately use mobile live broadcast to promote brand marketing, so that enterprises can create greater profits, is also of profound research significance.

Simplex PCR Assay for Detection of bla_TEM and gyrA Genes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Stool and Raw Meat Samples in Niger State, Nigeria

Musa, Dickson A.,Aremu, Kolawole H.,Ajayi, Abraham,Smith, Stella I. The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2020 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.48 No.2

The global evolution of antibiotic resistance has threatened the efficacy of available treatment options with ravaging impacts observed in developing countries. As a result, investigations into the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the role of plasmids are crucial. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of bla_TEM and gyrA genes, plasmid profiles, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella strains isolated from raw meat and stool sources across Niger State, Nigeria. Ninety-eight samples, comprising 72 raw meat and 26 stool samples, were screened for Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to 10 commonly used antimicrobial agents was determined using the KirbyBauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were further analyzed for plasmids, in addition to PCR amplification of beta-lactamase (bla_TEM) and gyrA genes. A total of 31 Salmonella spp. were isolated, with 22 from raw meat (70.97%) and 9 from stool (29.03%). Salmonella spp. with multiple resistance patterns to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, and gentamicin were detected. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were found to be the most effective among the antibiotics tested, with 67.7% and 93.5% susceptible isolates, respectively. Nine (29.03%) isolates harbored plasmids with molecular sizes ranging between 6557 bp and 23137 bp. PCR amplification of gyrA was detected in 1 (3.23%) of the 31 isolates while 28 isolates (90.32%) were positive for bla_TEM. This study shows the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates and the possible role of plasmids; it also highlights the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in this local population.

Bismuth oxide as an excellent anode additive for inhibiting dendrite formation in zinc-air secondary batteries

Park, Da-Jeong,Aremu, Emmanuel Olugbemisola,Ryu, Kwang-Sun Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.456 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>With bismuth oxide additive in zinc-air batteries anode, we have demonstrated a controlled dendrite formation at the anode surface by high current densities of 0.1 and 0.2 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> during charging process. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was carried out at a voltage range of −2.0 ∼ 0.5 V and a scan rate of 1 mV/s to examine the electrochemical performance of the electrode. Surprisingly, we have been able to reveal that zinc anode with 3 wt% bismuth oxide showed cathodic peaks after 20 cycles with no noticeable loss in performance. Structural characterization via FE-SEM images revealed that 3-dimensional spherical morphology was formed with bismuth oxide at a current density of 0.05 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> under controlled kinetics. We have no doubt that our additive successfully mitigated the formation of dendrite at the surface of the anode. Thus, we gained sufficient insight on the critical role of bismuth oxide additive to achieving a dendrite free zinc anode with a stable cycle. Hence, this anode can be use as an excellent anode material in zinc-air secondary batteries.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Controlled dendrite formation via BiO additive at the Zn anode is demonstrated. </LI> <LI> Cycle Voltammetry showed cathodic peaks after 20 cycles with no performance losses. </LI> <LI> 3D spherical image was formed with bismuth oxide additive under controlled kinetics. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Simplex PCR Assay for Detection of blaTEM and gyrA Genes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Plasmid Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Stool and Raw Meat Samples in Niger State, Nigeria

Dickson A. Musa,Kolawole H. Aremu,Abraham Aayi,Stella I. Smith 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.48 No.2

The global evolution of antibiotic resistance has threatened the efficacy of available treatment options with ravaging impacts observed in developing countries. As a result, investigations into the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the role of plasmids are crucial. In this study, we investigated the presence and distribution of blaTEM and gyrA genes, plasmid profiles, and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella strains isolated from raw meat and stool sources across Niger State, Nigeria. Ninety-eight samples, comprising 72 raw meat and 26 stool samples, were screened for Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates to 10 commonly used antimicrobial agents was determined using the Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were further analyzed for plasmids, in addition to PCR amplification of beta-lactamase (blaTEM) and gyrA genes. A total of 31 Salmonella spp. were isolated, with 22 from raw meat (70.97%) and 9 from stool (29.03%). Salmonella spp. with multiple resistance patterns to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, erythromycin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, and gentamicin were detected. Ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were found to be the most effective among the antibiotics tested, with 67.7% and 93.5% susceptible isolates, respectively. Nine (29.03%) isolates harbored plasmids with molecular sizes ranging between 6557 bp and 23137 bp. PCR amplification of gyrA was detected in 1 (3.23%) of the 31 isolates while 28 isolates (90.32%) were positive for blaTEM. This study shows the incidence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates and the possible role of plasmids; it also highlights the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in this local population.

Differential Response of Maize Inbreeding Depression to (Optimal and Stressed) Environments

Sunday Ayodele Ige,Bashir Omolaran Bello,Jimoh Mahamood,Michael Afolabi,Aremu Charity,Stephen Abolusoro,Abosede Victoria Adeniyi 한국육종학회 2023 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.11 No.4

Inbred lines generated from 10 maize population developed between 1979 and 2008 were used to investigate theinbreeding depression of tropical maize varieties developed at different breeding eras and evaluated in (optimal and stressed) condition. Across all the environments used for this study, estimates of inbred depression (I) for grain yield which ranged from 15.63% foroptimum environment to 35.85 under stem borer infestation, showed differences in the severity of the effects of practicing inbreedingin each of the populations and the different environments. The highest values of inbreeding depression for grain yield were recordedunder stem borer infestation. The effect of inbreeding was the most severe for var. DMR-LSR-W under borer infestation and least forDMR-LSR-Y in stress free environment. This is an indication that the responses of the maize populations to inbreeding as well as therate of attaining homozygosity differed with environments. Across the four different environments under which the genotypes wereevaluated, average inbreeding depression for grain yield were greater relative to other traits considered which should be expected sincegrain yield is a quantitatively inherited trait, governed by many genes each with minor effects.

Genetics of Testcrossed Streak Virus Resistance Carotene Quality Protein Maize

Sunday Ayodele Ige,Bashir Omolaran Bello,Jimoh Mahamood,Michael Afolabi,Aremu Charity,Stephen Abolusoro,Abosede Victoria Adeniyi 한국육종학회 2023 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.11 No.3

Development of Provitamin A quality protein maize (PVA-QPM) conferring resistance to maize streak virus (MSV)would reduce the prevalence of the disease, alleviate malnutrition and increase food security in sub-Saharan Africa. This study wasconducted to (i) evaluate early maturing PVA-QPM inbreds and their derived testcross hybrids for grain yield, MSV-resistant,carotenoids, and tryptophan contents, (ii) estimate the combining ability of the MSV-resistant PVA-QPM testcrosses for all traits. Fiveimproved open-pollinated MSV resistance cultivars and five early maturing PVA-QPM inbreds were crossed in a half-diallel fashionwithout reciprocals. The derived forty-five F1 topcrosses, ten parental materials, and two commercial hybrids that served as controlswere tested at the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority in Oke-Oyi, Nigeria, during rain-fed of the year 2019 and 2020. ThePVA-QPM inbreds from TZEIORQ 13, TZEIORQ 29, and TZEQI 82 that were crossed with MSV resistance AK-9528-DMRSR andPop 28 SR appeared potentially useful combinations for enhancing grain yield, MSV-resistant, carotenoids, and tryptophan contents,Testcrossed TZEQI 82 × AK-9528-DMRSR POP 28 SR, TZEQI 82 × ACR. 91 SUWAN-1-SR C1 and TZEQI 82 × IK.91 TZL COMP3-Y C1 were most outstanding for all measured grain yield and nutrient contents. Additive genetic effects were preponderant overnon-additive genetic effects under artificial infection of MSV disease. These three promising MSV resistance PVA-QPM hybridsshould be evaluated under on-farm multiplication trials for stability performance and adaptation to reduce malnourishment and foodself-sufficiency in SSA. Also, further researches on genomic analyses of the superior testcrosses are desirable.