Friction Stir Lap Welding of AZ31B and AA6061 Alloys Using Tin as an Inter-Layer

Anil Bandi,Srinivasa R. Bakshi 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

The formation of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2is inevitable even in solid-state joining of Al and Mg alloys by friction stir welding(FSW). In the present study, the effect of a thin inter-layer of Sn (tin) and FSW parameters (pin length and tool rotationspeed) on the microstructure and strength of friction stir lap welds of 3 mm thick AA6061 Al alloy and AZ31B Mg alloysheets was investigated. A ~ 20 μm thick Sn layer was deposited on AZ31B alloy by displacement plating. The heat generatedduring the welding melted the Sn layer and the rotation action of the tool pushed the molten Sn to the hooks on the advancingside and retreating side. The extent of Mg17Al12and Al3Mg2intermetallic compound formation was reduced with Sninter-layer with limited formation of Mg2Sn. The Sn inter-layer helped improve the lap shear strength at lower tool rotationalspeed (600 RPM) and pin lengths of 3.25 and 3.75 mm compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. Lap welds prepared witha 3.25 mm pin at 600 RPM had a lap shear strength of 245 N/mm which is the highest value reported so far and is 116%higher compared to joints without Sn inter-layer. This was due to elimination of hook at the advancing side and retreatingside and disintegration of intermetallic compounds.

Noble metal-free dual cocatalysts for improved H₂ production from water splitting under solar irradiation

Anil Kumar Reddy Police(Police Anil Kumar Reddy),Sungjun Bae(배성준) 대한환경공학회 2022 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2022 No.11

ANION INDUCED BLUE TO PURPLE TRANSITION IN BACTERIORHODOPSIN

Singh, Anil K.,Kapil, Mrunalini M. Korean Society of Photoscience 1996 Journal of Photosciences Vol.3 No.2

Anil K. Singh, Mrunalini M. Kapil, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay - 400076, INDIA Purple membrane (PM, $\lambda$$_{max}$ 570 nm) of H. halobium on treatment with sulphuric acid changes its colour to blue ($\lambda$$_{max}$ 608 nm). The purple chromophore can be regenerated from the blue chromophore by exogeneous addition of anions such as CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$. Chloride ion is found to be more effective than the dibasic phosphate ion in regenerating the purple chromophore. Nevertheless, one thing common to the anion regeneration is that both CI$^-$ and HPO$_4^{2-}$ show marked pH effect. At pH 1.0 the efficiency of regeneration of the purple chromophore is greater than at pH 2.0, for the same anion concentration. Fluorescence and circular dichroic studies indicate that the proteins do not undergo drastic changes at the secondary' or tertiary structure level and the native structure is preserved during this transition. However, chromophoric-site interactions between retinal and the apoprotein are affected during this colour transition. A molecular mechanism is advanced for this transition.

Technical feasibility study for power generation from a potential mini hydro site nearby Shoolini University

Pundir, Anil,Kumar, Anil Techno-Press 2014 Advances in energy research Vol.2 No.2

Small Hydro-Power (SHP) is an environmental friendly technology. Usually hydro power generation projects are viewed as constructing large dams and reservoirs but available new research and engineering techniques have helped hydro power generation without large dams and without large reservoirs. In India, there are several water installations, irrigation dams, canals, streams or running rivers not tapped to generate power. In these cases the existing system and facilities can help in generating power with less investment and time. This area is yet unexplored. Harnessing a stream for hydroelectric power is a major undertaking for the energy crises and the global issues to go green. In this technical note a potential site for mini hydro power plant nearby Shoolini University is identified and examined for the economic feasibility.

Determination of the photodynamic therapy effectiveness to protect the aging in murine model

Anil Kumar CHAUHAN,Ju Hee JEON,Bo Eun LEE,Shivkumar Shantappa JALDE,Yong-Wan KIM 한국생물공학회 2018 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.4

Optimal Speed Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Anil Kumar Yadav,Prerna Gaur,Shyama Kant Jha,J. R. P. Gupta,A. P. Mittal 전력전자학회 2011 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.11 No.4

The main objective of this paper is to control the speed of Nonlinear Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) by controlling the throttle position. Various control techniques such as well known Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller in conjunction with state feedback controller (SFC) such as Pole Placement Technique (PPT), Observer Based Controller (OBC) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Controller are designed. Some Intelligent control techniques e.g. fuzzy logic PD, Fuzzy logic PI along with Adaptive Controller such as Self Organizing Controller (SOC) is also designed. The design objective in this research paper is to provide smooth throttle movement, zero steady-state speed error, and to maintain a Selected Vehicle (SV) speed. A comparative study is carried out in order to identify the superiority of optimal control technique so as to get improved fuel economy, reduced pollution, improved driving safety and reduced manufacturing costs.

Modeling the Diffusion-Driven Growth of a Pre-Existing Gas Bubble

Anil Kunwar,Haitao Ma,Junhao Sun,Shuang Li,Jiahui Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2015 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.21 No.5

Finite element method is utilized to solve the diffusion equation and model the diffusion driven growth of a pre-existing spherical gas bubble in molten tin at the solder/substrate interface for reflow time of 120 s and temperature of 250 °C. The gibbs free energy change required for determining the equilibrium concentration at liquid solder/gas bubble boundary was calculated using the thermodynamic polynomial coefficients. The rate of change of radius, as function of concentration flux, is calculated using the lagrangian mesh update methodology. With an initial diameter of 20 μm, the bubble growth is calculated as a function of contact angle. When the wetting angle is varied from a value of 30° to 135°, the numerical calculation has yielded the final sizes for the bubble to change from 62.87 μm to 82.8 μm respectively. The effect of wetting transition in the growth of bubble was studied by the in-situ observation of bubble dynamics through synchrotron radiation imaging technique. The scanning electron microscopy images of the morphologies of intermetallic compounds influenced by growing bubble in Sn/Cu solder joint and bubble pictures obtained through synchrotron radiation are utilized to get the experimental size of the bubble. The mean experimental bubble diameter has been obtained as 76.39 μm. The growing bubble inhibits the growth of intermetallic compound at its vicinity and thereby reduces the strength of solder joints.

Design and Performance Study of a Hot Water Driven 5 TR Capacity Absorption Cooling System

Anil Sharma,Bimal Kumar Mishra,Abhinav Dinesh,Ashok Misra 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.7 No.6

Use of high grade electrical energy, generated from fossil fuels, for cooling has increased environmental concerns like global warming and ozone layer depletion. Hence, there is a need to reduce dependence on them and explore potential environmental friendly options. In this aspect, vapor absorption system has scope of utilizing low grade energy source i.e. hot water from solar panel, to generate cooling effect and are environment friendly as no chloro-floro-carbons are used. The most usual combination of absorber refrigerant pair in such system is lithium bromide water (LiBr–H2O), where water vapor is the refrigerant. In present work, a hot water driven, single stage, absorption cooling system, using a lithium bromide water solution, is analyzed for determining the effect of various parameters on coefficient of performance (COP). Four basic stages in the absorption cycle are generation, condensation, evaporation and absorption with ideally no moving part. A configuration of theses four stages, having 5 TR cooling capacity is determined and examined for the variation in COP corresponds to the change in pressure and concentration. The pressure parameter is varied in condenser and evaporator, resulting graph shows that the increment in pressure of evaporator increases the COP whereas increment of pressure in condenser decreases the COP. At lower inlet concentration of LiBr solution to the absorber gives increment in COP.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of rice genes to elucidate morphological agronomic traits

Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran,Nikita Bhatnagar,김범기,정기홍 한국식물학회 2016 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.59 No.6

Molecular understanding of morphological agronomic traits is very important to improve grain yield and quality. According to the literature information summarized in Overview of Functionally Characterized Genes in Rice online database, 430 genes related to these traits have been functionally characterized in rice, while the functions of other genes remain to be elucidated. Gene indexed mutants are available for at least half of the genes identified in the rice genome, and are very useful resources to study gene function. To suggest candidate genes for functional studies associated with morphological agronomic traits, we identified genes with tissue/organ-preferred expression patterns through meta-analysis of microarray data, and identified 781 genes for roots, 1,084 for leaves, 1,029 for calluses, 927 for anthers, 241 for embryos, and 343 for endosperms. Additionally, 4,243 genes expressed in all tissue types were allocated to a ubiquitously-expressed gene group (‘housekeeping’ genes). The estimated tissue/organ-preferred and housekeeping genes accounted for 40% of the characterized genes associated with morphological agronomic traits, indicating that identification of tissue/organ-preferred genes is an effective way to provide putative gene function. In this study, we reported the information of gene-indexed mutants for 84% of the identified candidate genes. Our candidate genes and relating indexed mutant resources can potentially be used to improve morphological agronomic traits in rice.

생강 뿌리썩음증상의 병징학, 기생체간 상호작용 및 약제방제

ANIL DOSHI,SNEH MATHUR 한국응용곤충학회 1987 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.4

뿌리썩음증상은 병징에 따라 3가지로 대별되었다. 뿌리썩음증상은 Pythium aphanidermatum을 선접종 후 Fusarium solani를 후접종 하였을 때 가장 심하였다. 뿌리혹선충과 Phthium aphanidermatum과의 상호작용은 없었다. 근경 발아는 각 처리에서 현저히 증가하였고 Alliette 0.25% 처리에서 가장 높았다. 토양관주에 의한 치료 및 예방효과는 Alliette, Burgandy mixture, 다이센 M-45, 디포라탄이 우수하였으며, 수량도 증가하였다. Three diffeerent types of symptoms were observed according to the pathogen associated with the rhizomes. The maximum rotting was observed in case when Pythium aphanidermatum was inoculated first followed by Fusarium solani. There was no interaction in case of root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and Pythium aphanidermatum. Average per cent germination of the rhizomes were increased significantly in each treatment and maximum in case of Alliette(.25%). The per cent pre & post drenching rotting was minimum in case of Alliette, Burgandy mixture, Dithane-M 45 and Difolatan. These fungicides also increase the yield of rhizome significantly.