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Hypocholesterolemic Response to Karaya Saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus in Broiler Chickens
Afrose, Sadia,Hossain, Md. Sharoare,Maki, Takaaki,Tsujii, Hirotada Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.6
Dietary karaya saponin and Rhodobacter capsulatus (R. capsulatus) are known to have hypocholesterolemic actions, as reported in our previous studies. This study examined possible synergistic hypocholesterolemic effects of karaya saponin and R. capsulatus in broilers. A total of 150 broilers were allocated into 10 treatments: control, saponin 25 mg, saponin 50 mg, saponin 75 mg, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 25 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g, saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g, saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.2 g and saponin 75 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g. Feed intake and feed efficiency were improved when karaya saponin and R. capsulatus were synergistically supplemented in the diet. Combinations of karaya saponin, especially supplementation of karaya saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g were shown to have potential hypolipidemic actions in breast and thigh muscle cholesterol and triglycerides, serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as improved high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (p<0.05). Compared to the control, almost all the treatments significantly increased serum, liver and fecal concentrations of bile acids (p<0.05). Supplementation of both karaya saponin (75 mg) and saponin 50 mg+R. capsulatus 0.4 g reduced palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) in a similar fashion (p<0.05). The ratios of PUFA:SFA or PUFA+MUFA:SFA in the thigh and breast muscle of broilers were greater in karaya saponin and R. capsulatus supplemented groups than in the control group. Thus, our study concluded that supplementation of karaya saponin synergistically with R. capsulatus in the diet of broilers is an effective way to obtain low-cholesterol, low-triglyceride and high HDL-cholesterol enriched poultry meat with a unique fatty acid balance.
Hossain, Md. Sharoare,Afrose, Sadia,Takeda, Iwao,Tsujii, Hirotada Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.5
Immune response and yolk cholesterol are crucial factors for commercial chicken producers. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of selenium-enriched Japanese radish sprouts (Se-enriched JRS) and R. capsulatus synergistically on immune response and cholesterol in laying hens. A total of 50 laying hens (20-wk old) were assigned to 5 dietary treatment groups, and fed diets supplemented with 2.5 ${\mu}g/kg$, 5 ${\mu}g/kg$, 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS and 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus (0.02%). Egg production and yolk color were significantly improved by the supplementation of Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus in the layer diet (p<0.05). Compared to the control, serum cholesterol concentration and triglyceride levels were decreased by all the treatments (p<0.05). After 8-wk of the experiment, supplementation of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$, 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ and Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus significantly reduced yolk cholesterol and triglycerides, while the greatest reduction was observed when R. capsulatus was incorporated with Se-enriched JRS. Spleen, bursa and thymus weight were significantly increased by both the 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS. Compared to the control, supplementation of 5 ${\mu}g/kg$ and 10 ${\mu}g/kg$ Se-enriched JRS significantly increased serum IgG and yolk IgY concentration and foot web index activity by Newcastle Disease Virus (p<0.05). After 4-wk and 8-wk of supplementation, the highest number of leukocytes was observed with Se-enriched JRS+R. capsulatus (p<0.05). The highest concentration of serum and yolk Se was found in Se-enriched JRS plus R. capsulatus treatment. Combined dietary supplementation of Se-enriched JRS and R. capsulatus might be beneficial for better health, disease protection and overall production performance.
Characteristics of three cotton varieties and their impact on feeding and growth of cotton armyworm
Md Ruhul Amin,Dil Afrose TITHI,권용정 한국곤충학회 2011 Entomological Research Vol.41 No.4
This study investigated morphological and biochemical characteristics of CB9, CB10 and SR05 cotton varieties and observed their effect on feeding and growth of cotton armyworm Spodoptera litura. Morphological characters of plant architecture, branching, color, hairiness, trichome density and boll size indicated that CB9 is a bushy, well developed, branched, light bronze colored and hairy variety with number of trichomes 193/㎠ and boll weight 5.5–6.0 g/boll. Both CB9 and CB10 bear normal leaves and spherical bolls whereas SR05 has well-ventilated branching, okra shaped and ventrally arranged light bronze colored leaves and oval bolls ranging 4.0–4.5 g/boll. Biochemical analysis indicated significant differences in starch and protein contents, which range 11.4–21.3 and 17.5–30.6%, respectively. The lowest percentages of starch and protein were found in SR05 and CB9, respectively. Cotton varieties showed significant effects on second, third, fourth and fifth instar larval weight and they attained the highest weights (22.7, 133.8, 168.2 and 1190.2 mg, respectively) when fed SR05. Larvae and moths fed SR05 also showed the significantly highest cocoon, exuviae, and adult male and female weights (434.5, 19.2, 161.3 and 232.4 mg, respectively). The cotton armyworm showed the significantly highest growth index (1.5) as well as lowest feeding index (0.05) on SR05. Results of this study indicated that SR05 is suitable for larval feeding and development, and suggest that this variety is least suitable for cotton growers in areas where S. litura is a major pest.