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金庠基(Kim Sang-kee) 백산학회 1967 白山學報 Vol.- No.3
Sung-shu(宋書)gives an account for the first time that Bekje (百濟) brought Liao-Hsi(遼西)area (an area west of Liao-ho (遼河) under its rule and established there its own administrative districts with Chinp’ing Hsien(晋平縣), Chin-p’ing Chun(晋平郡)as the center. This occupation seems to have been realized toward the end of the thirteenth king Kŭnch’oko-wang’s (近育古王) reign. It was in his time that Bekje was powerful enough to emulate with Kokuryo(高句麗), and eventually after repeated battles in the Debang (帶方) (now, Hwanghe-do 黃海道) area, its army killed Kokuryŏ’s sixteenth king Kokukwŏn-wang(故國原王)below the Pyongyang(平壤) Castle. Before during the era of its fifteenth king Mich’ŏn-wang 美川王, Kokuryŏ occupied the Liao-Tung(遼東)area(or the Liaotung Peninsula) and evacuated from the area thereafter with no fear of threat from the north. Thus it is probable that by advancing into Liao-Hsi area by sea, Bekje as a naval power attempted to check Kokuryŏ’s southward force. The reason why Kokuryŏ and Bekje could so easily seize Liao-Tung and Liao-Hsi areas respectively is that in the continent the so-called Wu-hu Shih-liu-kuo (五胡十六國) were at odds with each other in a chaotic situation, and there was no force that could reach their eastern frontier. Later the Liao-Hsi area occupied by Bekje was attacked by Hou-wei(後魏)(Pei-wei 北魏), and there was a time in the era of the twenty-fourth king Tongsong-wang(東城王)when Bekje defeated a large force of Hou-wei, and according to a record in Nan-ch’i-shu(南齊書), it requested the Ch’i(齊)Dynasty (of Nan-ch’ao 南朝), which was then against Hou-wei, to confer a peerage on the victorious general named Sabŏbmyŏng(沙法名). No historical record is available as to how Bekje’s power changed in Liao-Hsi area thereafter, but from the fact that Hou-wei finally unified areas north of the Yangtze River, we can infer that Bekje’s influence in Liao-Hsi area was crippled by Hou-wei, Bekje’s occupation of Liao-Hsi area is recorded mostly in Sung-shu and Nan-Ch’i-shu. Compiled by Shên Yüeh(沈約), who wrote history for both the Sung and Ch’i Dynasties and was an official in the Liang(梁) Dynasty, Sung-shu was published in the sixth year of Ch’i’s King Wu(武)(A.D.488). And Hsiao Tzŭ-hsien(蕭子顯), compiler of Nan-ch’i shu, was a member of Nanch’i’s(南齊)royal household, and upon the fall of the dynasty, he went to serve King Wu of the Liang (梁) Dynasty and presented him with the book. As the two books were compiled by witnesses to the days, their reliability is unquestionable.
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