好酸球性 胃腸炎에 對한 病理學的 檢索

河在昌,洪錫宰 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1978 慶北醫大誌 Vol.19 No.1

最近 2年5個月間에 慶北大學校 醫科大學 病理學敎室에서 經驗한 好酸球性胃腸炎 7例에 對하여 病理學的으로 檢索하고, 그 結果를 다음과 같이 要約한다. 發生年齡은 30代로부터 60代 사이였으며 全例가 男性이었다. 臨床的으로는 腹痛은 全例에서, 嘔吐는 2例에서 있었고, 手術時 復水를 3例에서 認定하였다. 手術前 臨床診斷은 小腸을 侵害한 例들에서는 腸閉塞이나 腹膜炎으로, 그리고 胃나 結腸을 侵害한 v들에서는 腫瘍으로 診斷되는 傾向이 濃厚하였다. 發病部位는 廻腸이 4例로서 가장 많았고, 다음 結腸(2例), 胃(1例)의 順이었으며, 肉眼的所見으로는 胃腸壁의 甚한 水腫性肥厚와 內腔의 狹窄이 여러 가지 程度로 觀察되었다. 病理組織學的으로는 主로 粘膜下組織, 筋層 및 漿膜에서 甚한 充血과 水腫, 甚한 慢性 好酸球浸潤好酸球性 靜脈炎 等을 特徵으로 하는 病變이 觀察되었으며, 腸間膜에서도 이러한 病變들이 輕度로 認定되는 例가 많았다. 粘膜層에서는 輕度의 淋巴球와 形質細胞의 浸潤을 볼 뿐 大體로 正常한 狀態로 보였으나 好酸球浸潤도 輕微하게 認定되는 例가 많았다. The authors have reivewed the 7 cases of eosinophilic gastroenteritis which were investigated pathologically during the past two years and five months from December, 1975 to April, 1978 at the department of pathlogy, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine. The results obtained were summarized as follows. The age distribution was in the 3rd to 6th dicadses and all of the cases were males. Clinically, abdominal pain was a predominant feature in all cases. There was vomiting in two cases and ascites was found in three cases abdomen was opened. The preoperative diagnosis was varied accoridng to the sites involved. In those cases where the small bowels were invovled, the preoperative diagnosis was considered as intestnal obstruction or peritonitis, but in those cases involving the stomach or the colon, as tumors. The involved sites were the ileum in 4cases, the colon in 2 cases and the stomach in 1 case. Grossly, the severe edematous thickening with narrowing of gastronitestinal lumen was observed in variable degrees. Histologically, the lesion was mainly situated in the submucosa, muscular layer and serosa of the gastrointestianl tract. It was characterized by a marked congestion and edema. The outstanding feature was a massive eosinophilic inflitration nd eosinophilic phlebitis . In many cases, such manifeslations were also observed in mild degrees in mesenteries. The mucosal layers appeared almost normal except slight infillration of lymphocytes and plasma cells, but in many cases, there were eosinophilic infiltrations in mild degrees.

X線 全身照射에 依한 家兎蟲垂 淋巴組織의 微細構造의 變化

河在昌,洪錫宰 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1979 慶北醫大誌 Vol.20 No.1

成熱家兎를 實驗動物로 하여 600γ의 X線을 單回 全身照射하고 B淋巴球系의 中樞淋巴組織으로 알려진 충수임파조직에 惹起되는 變化를 機能的 組織構造에 따라 病理組織學的 및 電子顯微鏡的으로 檢索하여 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 組織學的으로는 충수임파조직의 dome과 follicle에서 大小淋巴球의 甚한 懷死 消失과 大食細胞의 顯著한 增加를 볼 수 있었으나, 胸腺依存域인 TDA에서는 淋巴球의 壞死 消失이 比較的 輕한 程度로 認定되었다. 上記한 變化들은 X線 照射後 3時間에도 顯著하였으나 照射後 1日에는 더욱 甚하였다. 電子顯微鏡的으로는, X線 照射後 3時間에는 dome 및 follicle에서 淋巴球의 核染色質은 核邊緣部로 凝集되고 核中心部는 稀薄化되었고 어떤 淋巴球에서는 核濃縮을 일으키고 있었으며, mitochondria에서는 cristae가 消失되고 空胞化하는 傾向이 있었다. 그리고 組織球가 增加하고 그 細胞質內에서 lysosome의 增加, 濃縮된 核斷片의 탐식 等의 所見도 輕度로 認定되었다. 照射後 1日에는 dome 및 follicle에서 淋巴球는 大多數가 破壞消失되었고, 組織球가 顯著하게 增加되어 破壞된 細胞成分들을 활발하게 탐식하고 있는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 그러나 TDA에서는 淋巴球에서 染色質의 核邊緣部 凝集 乃至 核濃縮 그리고 mitochondria의 變性을 多少 볼 수 있었으나 甚한 破壞性變化는 認定되지 않았으며, 組織球의 貪 機能도 顯著하지 않았다. 以上의 實驗成績으로 보아, X線 照射에 對해서 B淋巴球를 生産하는 中樞淋巴組織의 淋巴球들은 感受性이 높아서 早期에 甚하게 破壞되며, 抹消淋巴組織에 分布하는 T淋巴球는 比較的 抵抗性이 있어서 損傷을 적게 받는 것으로 推定된다. This study was undertaken to investigate the structural changes of the appendiceal lymphoid tissues of the adult rabbit after whole body X-irradiation by the light and electron microscopes. Nine healthy rabbits, weighing 2 to 2.5 Kgm were divided into 2 groups: Group 1: Control group: Untreated (3 rabbits) Group 2. Experimental group: A single air dose of 600r whole body X-irradiation was given (6 rabbits). Experimental animals were sacrificed at 3 hours and 1 day after irradiation and examined light and electron microscopically. The results were summarized as follows: Light microscopically, the appendical lymphoid tissues showed marked necrotic loss of small and large lymphocytes as well as considerable increase of macrophages in the dome, corona and follicle. But thymus dependent area (TDA) was relatively well preserved with mild degree's necrotic loss of the cells. These changes were apparent 3 hours after irradiation and more prominent after 1 day. Electron microscopically, the nuclei of lymphocytes in the dome and follicle revealed peripheral aggregation of chromatin with central rarefaction after 3 hours. Some lymphocytes showed pyknotic changes. Mitochondria of the these cells were vacuolated and lossed their cristae. Macrophages at this time were increased in number and showed increase of lysosomes with phagocytosis of nuclear fragments. After 1 day, lymphocytes in the dome and follicle were substantially destructed and lossed. Macrophages were markedly increased in number and showed considerable number of phagosomes containing destructed cellular debris in the cytoplasms. In the TDA, only milder degree of chromatin aggregation, pyknosis and mitochondrial degeneration were found but apparent destructive changes were not impresive. Phagocytic activities of macrophages were also inapparent. These results suggested that central lymphoid tissue for differentiation of B-lymphocytes was very sensitive to X-irradiation and severely affected at early stage, while T-lymphocytes distributed to peripheral lymphoid tissue were relatively radioresistant and affected lesser degree.

外交的 保護權

홍기갑,심재창 원광대학교 법학연구소 2007 圓光法學 Vol.23 No.1

The right of diplomatic protection serves certain purposes which are essential in the international legal community. Diplomatic protection is a means to safeguard various important benefits for individuals which arise from traditional treaties or from a minimum standard of justice. Diplomatic protection can be particularly useful in facilitating the movement of people, goods, capitals and services across states boundaries and thus in expanding personal freedom. Diplomatic protection also promotes international economic relations. The right of states to protect their nationals can serve as a warning signal to states inclined to ignore their treaty or customary law obligations favoring individuals. So, the prerequistes for the rights of diplomatic protection, especially the local remedy rules and various legal limitations on means of protection help to prevent an overly frequent use and abuses by powerful states.

Prednisolone 投與로 因한 家兎中樞淋巴組織의 形態學的硏究

河在昌,李東久,洪錫宰 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1982 계명의대학술지 Vol.1 No.1

成熟家兎를 實驗動物로 하여 prednisolone 을 5㎎ 및 10㎎ 씩 1日 1回 連 3日間 注射하고 中樞淋巴組織인 胸腺과 蟲垂淋巴組織에 惹起되는 變化를 機能的組織構造에 따라 光學 및 電子顯微鏡的으로 檢索한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 組織學的으로 胸腺에 있어서는 小葉皮質에서 淋巴球의 甚한 消失과 細綱細胞 및 大食細胞의 顯著한 增加를 볼 수 있었으나 隨質에서는 淋巴球가 거의 減少되지 않았다. 蟲垂淋巴組織은 dome, corooa 및 follicle에서 다같이 大小淋巴球의 甚한 消失과 大食細胞의 著明한 增加를 볼 수 있었으며 TDA에서는 淋巴球가 極히 輕한 程度로 減少하였을 뿐으로서 거의 正常한 狀態로 보였다. 電子顯微鏡的으로 胸腺皮質의 淋巴球는 核邊綠의 不規則, 核膜의 消失 및 核破壞 等의 甚한 變性 내지 壞死性變化가 惹起되었으며 細綱細胞 및 大食細胞에서는 空胞의 養性擴張, mitochondria의 종신 및 cristae의 消失 그리고 破壞된 淋巴球의 탐식 等이 5㎎ 注射群보다는 10㎎ 群에서 좀 더 顯著하게 나타났다. 그러나 隨質에서는 몇몇 淋巴球에서 核濃縮과 核邊綠의 不規則性이 있을뿐 著明한 變性變化는 없었다. 蟲垂淋巴組織에서도 dome, corona 및 follicle의 淋巴球는 甚한 壞死性變化를 보였으며 TDA에서는 그 變化가 極히 輕하였다. Dome 및 follicle의 大食細胞에서는 破壞된 淋巴球가 가끔 탐식되어 있었다. 以上의 成績으로 보아 一般的으로 cortiosteroid의 中樞淋巴組織에 對한 影響은 胸腺에서는 皮質의 淋巴球에 그리고 蟲垂淋巴組織에서는 주로 B淋巴球領域의 淋巴球에 일어나며 그 變化는 非可逆性 壞死까지도 誘發하는 것으로 推定된다. This study was carried out to investigate morphological changes in the central lymphoid tissue of thymus gland and appendix of 12 healthy adult rabbits treated with injecting prednisolone of 5 and 10mg each to the animals once per day 3 consecutive days. The results were as follows: Light microscopically, a considerable loss of lymphocytes in lobular cortex of thymus gland, along with noticeable increase of macrophages and reticulum cells, were found. However, no significant decrease of lymphocytes in its medulla persent. Significant loss of large and small lymphocytes and considerable increased macrophages in the areas of dome, corona, and follicles of appendiceal lymphoid tissue were noted. However, very meagre decrease of lymphocytes in thymus dependent area only was noticed. Electron microscopically marked degeneration and necrotic changes of lymphocytes, such as irregularity of nulear margin, loss of nuclear membrane, and destruction of lymphocytes in the cortex of thymus gland occured. in reticulum cells and macrophages, cystic degeneration of vesicles, swelling of mitochondria, loss of cristae, and phagocytosis of destructed lymphocytes were prominent in the group of 10mg injection than in that of 5mg. Nevertheless, nuclear condensations and irregularities of nuclear margin of some lymphocytes were noticed in medulla with no clear degenerative changes. In appendiceal lymphoid tissue, a severe nocrotic changes of lymphocytes of dome, corona and follicles were observed. However, its changes in thymus dependent area were very little. In macrophages of dome and follicles, destructed lymphocytes were seen to be occasionally phagocytosed. It may be summarized that the effects of corticosteroid on the central lymphoid tissue take place in lymphocytes in cortex of thymus gland and in lymphocytes of B lymphocytical area of appendiceal lymphoid tissue. It may also be assumed that the changes aforementioned can include irreversible necrosis.

미립잠열재를 활용한 축열조로부터 방열특성연구

이효진,홍재창 한밭대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2001 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

An experimental study has conducted to understand the characteristics of heat releasing system in which Micro-PCM(microencapsulated Phase Change Materials) slurry is adopted for its storage media mixed with distilled water. Tetradecane(C_14H_30, T_m=5.5℃) as a core, is encapsulated and covered with melamin. For the test, a storage tank, which is 10 ㎝ in diameter and 20 ㎝ of its length, is fabricated with bakelite insulated with glass fiber, 2 ㎝ thick, to protect its heat loss. In order to measure the temperature changes during the heat releasing, 9 T-type thermocouples are embedded at three places in the axial direction and three at radial direction. The size of particles is well-controlled under 10 ㎛ in the way of in-situ polymerization with melamine-formaldehyde resin. For the experiment, the concentrations of slurries are prepared for 20 wt%, 30 wt%, and 40 wt%. The results are compared with those of water and 100% tetradecane oil. MicroPCM slurries are required relatively longer period of time for their phase change than pure phase change materials. That is, the entrained MicroPCM particles control its heat transfer in terms of natural convection and conduction to them.

미립잠열슬러리의 물성에 관한 실험적 연구

이효진,홍재창,이재구 대한설비공학회 2000 설비공학 논문집 Vol.12 No.9

The thermal conductivity and density of slurries entrained with the particles of Micro-PCM are measured with respect to its temperatures as well as concentrations. For the thermal conductivity of slurries, a device made from P.A. Hilton (Model No. H470) is adopted. There is a well-scaled 0.3 mm gap between shells into which the slurry is injected. The temperatures of the slurry are changed to $5~25^{\circ}C$ , for which it is controled by the supplied voltage and cooling water circulated around the outer shell. The concentrations of Micro-PCM slurries are varied from 5 wt% to 50 wt%. Some general equations such as Maxwell's equation, are evaluated for their applicability with Micro-PCM slurry. As a result, it happens to be some 20% discrepancy between the experiment and the applied equations. The density measurements of Micro-PCM slurry to its temperature and concentration are peformed by hydrometer. For the experiment, tetradecane encapsulated slurry (($t_m≒6^{\circ}C$) and a mixed wax ($t_m≒50^{\circ}C$) are tested. The temperature changes of tetradecane are applied for $0^{\circ}C\;to\;$20^{\circ}C$and a mixed wax for $20^{\circ}C\;to\;$60^{\circ}C$ and its concentrations are changed from 5 wt% to 30 wt%. The results are compared with a general equation and the referenced data. For the conclusion, the experimental result and a general equation are well agreed.

산업 폐열회술를 위한 열전발전시스템 개발 연구

최병준,최영찬,홍재창,박태준,박주석,D.M.Rowe 한국에너지학회 2000 에너지공학 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구에서는 폐열회수를 위한 열전발전기술개발의 일환으로 자체 고안한 열전발전시스템을 구성하였고 상용화된 열전모듈을 적용하여 다양한 온도범위에서 열전모듈의 출력성능을 시험하였다. 시스템에 적용된 실험용 열전소자로는 49개의 열전쌍으로 구성된 미국 A 사의 모듈과 127개의 열전쌍으로 구성된 국내 B 사에서 제조한 모듈을 사용하였으며, 열전모듈 한 개에 대하여 , 그리고 5개의 모듈을 직렬로 연결하여 온도차 ($\Delta$T)를 변화시키면서 이때의 출력변화를 측정하였고, 또한15$0^{\circ}C$로 고정된 온도차에서 부하저항을 변화시키면서 출력성능을 실험하여 발전출력에 미치는 시스템인자들을 조사하고 이를 적용한 발전시스템의 최적조건을 도출하고자하였다.

석탄 가스화기 적용을 위한 건식 버너 노즐 특성 평가

라호원,이재구,홍재창 한국공업화학회 2008 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2008 No.1

1T/D 습식 분류층 가스화기를 이용한 코크스 및 석탄 CWM 가스화 특성

이시훈,이재구,홍재창,라호원,윤상준,손영일 한국공업화학회 2008 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2008 No.1

가정.상업부문 이용을 위한 산업체 폐열특성 연구

최영찬,박태준,홍재창,조선영 한국에너지학회 1999 에너지공학 Vol.8 No.2

The characteristics of waste heat effluents from 11 industrial complexes of 7 areas were analyzed to investigate the possibility of waste heat recovery of huge amount of waste heat producing from various industrial complexes. This study presents a part of the research work for the industrial waste heat for development of energy integrated network system in broad city area, which will utilize industrial waste heat for residential and commercial areas, where they are located at some distances from the complexes. The amount of waste heat from the investigated complexes was detected as 148,913 TOE/year. However, It was analyzed 83% of the waste heat was analyzed the temperature range from 0$^{\circ}C$ to 200$^{\circ}C$. Also, it was evaluated that 82% of waste heat was exhausted by flue gases. Especially, the characteristics of waste heat for the areas where most heat concentrated, such as Tae-gu industrial complex, Ul-san petrochemitry complex, Yio-chun petrochemistry complex, and Chun-ju industrial complex were investigated more precisely. Total amount of waste heat discharged from these four areas were analyzed 114,402 TOE/year, which was occupied as 77% of the total waste heat for the studied areas, and 87% of the waste heat from the industries was exhausted by flue gaseous phase and temperature range was from 0$^{\circ}C$ to 200$^{\circ}C$ 18.1 million TOE/year waste heat was released from the fossil fuel power plants, however 95% of waste heat was analyzed as cooling water from surface condensers at power plants. The temperature range was measured from 27$^{\circ}C$ to 34$^{\circ}C$, which are unable to utilize due to its low temperature. Otherwise, 5% (894,800 TOE/year) waste heat released from power plants were observed as flue gas, which temperature ranged from 90$^{\circ}C$ to 170$^{\circ}C$. 각종 산업단지 및 발전소에서 배출되는 막대한 양의 폐열을 회수하여 재활용하기 위하여 전국 7개 지역 11개 공단에 대한 폐열 특성분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구는 도시종합에너지시스템 연구의 일환으로 산업체 폐열을 배후도시의 주거 및 상업지역에 공급.이용 가능성을 검토하였다. 검토대상 공업단지의 조사된 폐열량은 148,913 TOE/년으로 나타났으며, 온도범위는 $0^{\circ}C$~20$0^{\circ}C$가 83%, 그리고 배가스 형태로 배출되는 폐열이 전체의 82%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 조사대상 공업단지 중 폐열량이 집중된 4개 지역 (대구공단, 울산 석유화학단지, 여천 석유화학단지 및 전주공단)에 대한 폐열특성도 상세하게 조사되었으며, 이들 공단의 조사된 폐열량은 114,402 TOE/년으로 조사된 총폐열량의 77%에 해당하며. 이중 배가스는 87%, 온도범위는 $0^{\circ}C$~20$0^{\circ}C$의 폐열이 대부분인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 18.1 million TOE/년의 폐열이 화석연료를 사용하는 발전소로부터 발생되며, 이중 95%가 복수냉각기에서 배출되는 27$^{\circ}C$~34$^{\circ}C$ 범위의 저온폐열이며, 나머지 5%(894,800 TOE/년)가 연도 배가스 형태로 배출되고 있는 것으로 조사되었다.