Generalized Plane Xanthoma Associated with Monoclonal Gammopathy of Unknown Significance

홍승현,김동준,오칠환,양재승,성해준 대한피부과학회 1997 Annals of Dermatology Vol.9 No.1

Generalized plane xanthoma is less common and usually involves the eyelids, lateral side of the neck, upper trunk, and extremities. Lesions, however, may appear on any portion of the body. Cutaneous xanthomas may occur in hyperlipidemic and in normolipidemic states. Generalized normolipidemic plane xanthoma is often associated with multiple myeloma, other reticulo-endothelial malignancies and monoclonal gammopathy with unknown significance(MGUS). We wish to report two cases of generalized plane xanthoma associated with IgG monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance.

중국의 ‘장성보호공정(長城保護工程)’과 장성연구의 새로운 경향

홍승현 동북아역사재단 2014 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.45

This study seeks to understand the contents and the purpose of the Great Wall Protection Project, which has been promoted by the government of the People’s Republic of China since 2005, and identify the impact of the project on the study of the Great Wall in the academic world. The Great Wall Protection Project was initiated to prevent serious damage to the Wall and to provide scientific protection. However, the project’s biggest problem is that the concept and the scope of the Great Wall were determined by the state. Because of that, it became impossible for academic debate regarding the Great Wall to take place. As a result, a majority of studies published since 2005 have uniformly enlarged and reproduced the concept and scope of the Great Wall specified by the government. In particular, the position of regarding the Great Wall as a “complete comprehensive military defense system” has been reinforced. However, as the concept and components of the Great Wall differ according to period and region, it would be necessary to build a concrete image of the Great Wall accordingly. On the other hand, in the case of the Liaodong region, where the ruins of the Great Wall are imperfect, the line of the Great Wall is seriously distorted by regional selfishness and political purposes. In addition, there was a problem in the direction of the Great Wall which was determined according to the needs of the researchers in the region. There is also a growing, and strengthening, trend of understanding the Great Wall in all times as the border. If the Great Wall is recognized as the border, the determined line of the Great Wall will have a sense of meaning as boundaries beyond the meaning of restoring the reality of the Great Wall. That is the reason for raising the need to explore the colorful aspects of the history of the Great Wall of China. 이 글은 중국정부가 2005년부터 추진하고 있는 ‘장성보호공정’이 어떤 내용과 목적을 가지고 있는지를 파악하고, 그 사업이 중국학계의 장성연구에 미친 영향을 확인하고자 하는 목적에서 작성되었다. 장성의 심각한 훼손을 막고 과학적인 보호를 위해 시작한 ‘장성보호공정’의 가장 큰 문제는 국가에 의해 장성의 개념과 범주가 확정된 것이다. 지금까지 선의 연속으로 이해되었던 장성은 이제 점과 선의 불규칙한 혼합으로 이해되게 되었다. 그러나 무엇보다 정부에 의해 장성의 개념과 범주가 확정됨으로 인해 장성에 대한 학문적 논쟁이 불가능해 진 것을 지적해야 할 것이다. 그 결과 2005년 이후 발표된 대다수의 연구는 정부가 규정한 장성 개념과 범주를 획일적으로 확대 재생산하고 있다. 특히 그 중에서도 장성을 “완전한 종합성 군사 방어 체제[完整的綜合性軍事防禦體系]”로 보는 입장이 강화되고 있다. 그러나 모든 시기의 장성을 이러한 ‘종합성 군사 방어 체제’로 이해하는 것에는 주의가 필요하다. 왜냐하면 변경에 설치된 고장성의 경우 전진기지나 거점으로서의 성격을 가진 것들이 다수 포함되어 있기 때문이다. 이들을 일괄적으로 ‘종합성 군사 방어 체제’로 이해한다면 중국 국가들의 변경 지배에 대한 왜곡된 상을 만들어 낼 것이다. 시대별·지역별로 상이한 장성의 개념과 구성요소를 고려하여 시대별·지역별 장성의 구체적인 상을 구축해야 할 것이다. 한편 장성의 유적이 불완전한 요동지역의 경우 지역 이기주의와 정치적 목적에 의해 장성선의 왜곡이 심각하다. 또한 지역 연구자들의 필요에 따라 장성의 방향이 결정되는 문제가 발생하기도 하였다. 더하여 이 지역의 특성상 모든 시기의 장성을 국경선으로 파악하는 경향도 점차 강화되고 있다. 장성이 국경선으로 인식된다면 장성선의 확정은 장성의 실체를 복원하다는 의미를 너머 경계 확정의 의미를 갖게 될 것이다. 장성이 보여주는 다채로운 역사의 측면을 탐구할 필요가 제기되는 이유다.

유전자 알고리즘을 활용한 인공신경망 모형 최적입력변수의 선정 : 부도예측 모형을 중심으로

홍승현,신경식 한국지능정보시스템학회 1999 한국지능정보시스템학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated that artificial intelligence such as neural networks can be an alternative methodology for classification problems to which traditional statistical methods have long been applied. In building neural network model, the selection of independent and dependent variables should be approached with great care and should be treated as a modal construction process. Irrespective of the efficiency of a learning procedure in terms of convergence, generalization and stability, the ultimate performance of the estimator will depend on the relevance of the selected input variables and the quality of the data used. Approaches developed in statistical methods such as correlation analysis and stepwise selection method are often very useful. These methods, however, may not be the optimal ones for the development of neural network models. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithms approach to find an optimal ar near optimal input variables for neural network modeling. The proposed approach is demonstrated by applications to bankruptcy prediction modeling. Our experimental results show that this approach increases overall classification accuracy rate significantly.

흑연 분포 및 온도변화에 따른 다양한 연필심들의 전기적?구조적 특성 비교 분석

홍승현,박완규 한국물리학회 2006 새물리 Vol.52 No.5

This letter reports the electrical and the structural properties of various pencil leads, which are mainly composed of a mixture of graphite and ceramic clay materials, at room temperature (RT) and at low temperatures (LT). The used pencil leads were H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, HB, B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, and 8B. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements were performed to investigate the structural properties of the pencil leads and to study the mutual relation between the electrical and the structrual properties of each pencil lead. The resisitivity of H-type pencil lead (HPL) increased with increasing HPL number, providing the increase in the composite amount of ceramic clay at RT. In addtion, the increased resitivity of the HPL was accompanied by an increase of hardness, which was due to the presence of a large amount of ceramic clay in the HPL. However, the resistivity of B-type pencil lead (BPL) decreased with the increasing BPL number BPL up to 5B and then suddendly increased at 7B and 8B. This behavior was associated with large amounts of grahite in BPL up to 5B. The increasing amount of graphite in BPL also corresponded to the soft mechanical property of the BPL. At LT, all of the pencil leads exhibited slightly increased resistivtiy, indicating that each pencil basically had an insulating property, even though each pencil contained a conducting graphite material. All SEM images clearly diplayed that all the pencil leads had much larger amounts of clay in the compositions. 본 논문은 흑연과 세라믹 점토의 주성분으로 구성된 다양한 연필심 (H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 5H, 6H, HB, B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B)들의 전기적 특성을 상온 및 저온에서 측정하였다. 또한 scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 장치를 사용하여 연필심들의 구조 분석을 하였으며, 이를 통하여 각 연필심들의 전기적 $\cdot$ 구조적 특성들을 비교 분석하였다. 상온에서 H형 연필심들은 번호가 증가할수록 규칙적으로 비저항이 증가하였으며, 이는 번호가 증가할수록 점토의 비율이 더욱 많아져서 비저항의 값이 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 점토 양이 증가할수록 H형의 연필심들이 B형보다 매우 단단하다는 것을 알 수 있다. 그러나 B형 연필심들은 B에서 5B까지는 번호가 클수록 비저항이 작아지다가 7B과 8B에서 갑자기 비저항이 매우 커지는 경향을 보여주고 있다. 이는 B형 연필심은 5B까지는 번호가 클수록 점토 양이 적어지고 전도 특성이 좋은 흑연의 양이 증가하는 것으로 판단된다. 또한 B형 연필심은 H형 연필심보다 흑연양의 증가로 인하여 무르고 진한 특성을 가지게 된다. 저온에서는 모든 연필심들이 상온에서 보다 비저항 값이 증가 하는 현상을 보여주고 있는데 이는 모든 연필심들이 어는 정도 절연체와 비슷한 성질을 갖는 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 특성은 SEM 분석을 통하여 모든 연필심들이 상대적으로 흑연보다 점토의 양이 많이 존재하는 것으로 판단된다.

캐서린 맨스필드의 「희열」과 존 스타인벡의 「국화」: 억압된 욕망과 좌절된 여성 정체성

홍승현 미래영어영문학회 2018 영어영문학 Vol.23 No.3

Both “Bliss” and “The Chrysanthemums” examine the psychology and sexuality of the self-repressive female characters who must somehow express themselves meaningfully. One of themes of their stories is frustration stemming from the protagonist's unfulfilled desire. Bertha embodies “a rare, rare fiddle shut up in a case” in “Bliss,” and Elisa is portrayed as the great valley like “a closed pot” in “The Chrysanthemums.” These two images, starting points of my contention, are remarkably insightful portraits which represent the repression of womanhood. While on the surface the stories outline the happiness of two housewives, their covert subtexts center on female protagonists’ personal muddle and psychological confusion. The significance of the pear tree and chrysanthemums as the central symbols must be analyzed for their implications for the character of Bertha and Elisa. As these central symbols serve as the medium to Fulton and the tinker, the overt sexual nuances are undeniable. The animal image of the story needs to be to explained because several associations between animals and characters are part of a larger pattern in each story. While Mansfield puts the animal motif in her story into animalistic desire and sensuality, all animals in Steinbeck's story are oppressed, trapped, much as is Elisa's case. There are similar sexual climaxes between in “Bliss” and “The Chrysanthemums.” It seems likely that looking at the blooming pear tree, Bertha and Fulton are linked by what they have shared. Bertha's bliss and her feelings toward Fulton seem to be erotic. Likewise, Elisa's passionate speech to the tinker, which seems to relate planting instincts to sexual awareness, is counted as sexual climax. Elisa believes the tinker also share her feeling of bliss. At the end of each story, Bertha and Elisa are jolted from their complacent life; their blissful satisfaction with Fulton and tinker are shattered. On the threshold of initiatory awareness, they are awakened to ugly human duplicity, entering an adult realm of experience.

청각장애 노인의 미술치료 사례연구: 우울과 자기표현 중심으로

홍승현,임나영,송양민 한국미술치료학회 2015 美術治療硏究 Vol.22 No.6

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of art therapy on the depression and self-expression of deaf elderly individuals. The three subjects of the study were selected among senior citizens aged sixty-five or above with hearing disabilities and depression at S city’s G elderly welfare center. The standard examinations used were KGDS and ASEA and image analysis according to the Furth Symbol. and Conversation and interview content during sessions were collected to proceed with the content analysis. Also, progressive transformation of behavior and analysis of the artworks were conducted. According to the results, the art therapy program had positive effects on the emotions and depression of deaf elderly individuals. As the program progressed, the subjects participated more enthusiastically in activities, gradually showed feelings in their conversations, and demonstrated an increased amount of conversation. The artworks showed positive changes such as brighter colors and stable composition compared to the art works from earlier stages. This shows These results demonstrate how artworks have been used as a positive vehicle for the deaf elderly who may normally be intimidated due to communication limitations. The research utilized a qualitative approach to studying deaf elderly individuals, an approach that has rarely been conducted in the field of art therapy. Thus, the study also supports the use of art therapy for deaf elderly individuals. 본 연구의 목적은 미술치료가 청각장애노인의 우울과 자기표현에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 있다. 연구 대상은 S시의 G노인복지관에 다니는 65세 이상의 노인 중 우울감을 가지고 있는 청각장애노인 3명이었다. 척도검사는 한국형노인우울척도(KGDS)와 미술자기표현평정척도(ASEA)이며, Furth상징에 따른 이미지분석과 단계별 행동 및 그림의 변화와 회기당시의 대화내용과 인터뷰 내용을 종합하여 내용분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면, 미술치료프로그램은 청각장애노인의 정서와 우울감소에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 회기가 진행될수록 적극적인 모습으로 활동에 참여하였으며, 대화내용도 점차 자신의 감정을 드러내는 것으로 바뀌었고, 대화량 또한 증가하였다. 그림에서는 초기보다 밝은 색채와 안정적인 화면구성을 하는 등 긍정적인 변화가 나타났다. 이는 의사소통 제한으로 위축되어 있는 청각장애노인에게 미술이 긍정적인 매개체로 활용되었음을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구는 국내 미술치료 분야에서 거의 다루어지지 않았던 청각장애노인을 대상으로 다각적인 접근을 시도하였고, 청각장애 노인에 대한 미술치료의 필요성을 인식시켰다는 데 그 의의가 있다.

Decoding Madness in the Novels of Black Women Writers: Morrison’s The Bluest Eye, Jones’ Eva’s Man, Bâ’s Scarlet Song, and Dangarembga’s Nervous Condition

홍승현 한국중앙영어영문학회 2015 영어영문학연구 Vol.57 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the similarities between black female characters’ madness in male-dominated society. The first part is given to a comparison between Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Gayl Jones’ Eva’s Man with emphasis on the appearance of madness, silence, and grotesqueness in the female protagonists. In the second part, I will attempt to explore the madness resulting in the overflow of rage and fury in Mariama Bâ’s Scarlet Song, and Tsitsi Dangarembga’s Nervous Condition. In The Bluest Eye, Pecola, who is eager to get her blue eyes, turns out to be the victim of obsession on the white beauty. In Eva’s Man, Eva, who castrates a man as a way of defiance, can be seen as a victim of sexual abuse. In Scarlet Song, Mireille’s madness let her strength to wield the knife against her husband. In Nervous Condition, Nyasha chooses a self-destructive way and, eventually, goes mad. The focus of this essay is to examine how and why women go mad by exploring the oppressions of social conventions and traditional value systems that force women to bear passive victimization. Thus, I hope to unravel how the female’s madness indicates the woman’s plight in male-oriented society, exposing critical and nervous conditions of women. This essay proposes two arguments in order to decode the collective madness of woman. First, the madness reflects repressed female desire and deep fury. Second, it can be understood as a way of powerful resistance against man. I do not wish to jump into a rash conclusion that the female madness is a regressive symptom of repression or a challenging weapon of liberation. Because the female madness embraces the two antithetic concepts simultaneously like the front and back of a coin. The madness is one of ‘the most desperate gesture’ of women, and it demonstrates how women have been victimized by repressive social discriminations. Yet women struggle to liberate themselves from the organized oppressions of patriarchal social structures.

프랑스어 텍스트 의미 (재)구축 과정에서 한국인 독자들의 읽기/독해 전략에 관하여 : 장르 식별을 중심으로

홍승현 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2009 프랑스어문교육 Vol.30 No.-

Si la lecture linéaire et la traduction dans la langue maternelle sont des approches de textes à déconseiller en classe de langue étrangère, alors le rôle du genre textuel et de sa reconnaissance au cours de la lecture, nous le prouveront. En effet, celui-ci étant conçu comme une forme de collaboration entre le scripteur et le lecteur, il prévoit, guide et oriente la lecture/compréhension écrite et il forme, par conséquent, un contrat (ou pacte) de lecture chez les lecteurs. M. Souchon affirme que les apprenants de langues étrangères ont déjà acquis à divers degrés une compétence textuelle dans leur langue maternelle à travers le processus de socialisation scripturale ainsi structuré : - la socialisation au niveau du code graphique; - la socialisation liée à la fréquentation des discours écrits; - la socialisation en relation avec l'expérience des textes. Les savoirs, la culture et les expériences de textes acquis grâce à ce processus permettent en effet au lecteur, de définir ce qu'est le genre textuel et ses différentes caractéristiques. On appelle cette phase la socialisation textuelle. La compétence textuelle d'un lecteur varie donc selon des paramètres individuels, culturels et sociaux. Elle n'est pas figée, elle se développe à partir des phénomènes textuels et des phénomènes discursifs rencontrés au cours de la lecture. Pour montrer de quelle façon les lecteurs-apprenants coréens approchent les textes français à partir de leur compétence textuelle liée au genre textuel, nous présentons les résultats d'une enqête effectuée sur la lecture de <<Les fiancés de la plage>> de Michel Tournier, pour le texte littéraire, et de <<La montée du chômage provoque une grave crise sociale en Corée du Sud>> extrait du Monde, pour le texte non littéraire. D'après notre observation, le genre textuel est un élément indispensable et primordial dont ils ont tenu compte dans le processus de lecture/compréhension de textes français. La reconnaissance du genre leur a permis de faire appel immédiatement aux représentations et aux savoirs liés à la textualité, puis de mettre en place leurs différentes stratégies de lecture/compréhension écrite. Plus précisément, dans le cas de l'opposition binaire entre texte littéraire et texte non littéraire, définis l'un par la subjectivité et l'autre par l'objectivité, des différentes stratégies de compréhension écrite ont été mises en oeuvre par les apprenants. Tenant compte de ces résultats, nous mettrons l'accent sur l'utilisation en classe, de textes français authentiques, et ce, dès les premiers apprentissages, ainsi que sur un éventuel transfert des représentations et des savoirs liés à la textualité, précédemment acquis par les apprenants dans leur langue maternelle.

『南齊書』 「五行志」 譯註 2

홍승현 중국사학회 2022 中國史硏究 Vol.- No.139

본 譯註의 대상은 『南齊書』 「五行志」 중 ‘火-視’·‘思心’ 項目이다. 北京, 中華書局, 1997년판 표점본을 사용하였으며, 쪽 수로는 pp.374~380에 해당한다. 다루는 災異는 火不炎上, 草妖, 羽蟲之蘖, 赤眚赤祥, 恒風, 山崩, 雷電, 地震이다.

魏晉南北朝時期 中華意識의 변용과 동아시아 국제질서

홍승현 동북아역사재단 2013 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.40

This study aims at recovering how Sinocentrism was influenced and changed by neighbor tribes and countries during the Wei, Jin, Nan, and Bei period, and examining the regional dynamics of East Asia that were newly established by the transformed Sinocentrism. To this end, the following was discussed. First, how Sinocentrism was established among the Wu Hu (五胡),or the “Five Barbaric Tribes,” was examined in order to understand the underlying spirit. This examination found that the Sinocentrism expressed by rulers of the barbarians was not only transformed by themselves, but was also influenced by Han people who had long lived and mixed together with neighboring tribes and had changed their view of the tribes. Second, how Sinocentrism evolved into specific policies or measures by the tribal rulers was examined. The monarchs established a “Principle of Kingdom Alternation,” in opposition to the “Five Virtue Principle,” so that they became legitimate kingdoms, and adopted the titles of “Emperor” and “King” to strengthen their authority. In addition,they called themselves “Center” (中華) while looking down upon other tribes, and established military offices to oversee other tribes. Building upon such a series of policies and measures, all the monarchs believed that they had established the central, legitimate kingdom and the tribute and investiture system centering on themselves, resulting in multi-centered and multi-layered regional dynamics. The transformation of Sinocentrism by the rulers and the accompanying change in regional dynamics created new centers and peripheries, which helped spread Sinocentrism. This is demonstrated by Koguryo’s and Japan’s independent titles for the monarch and their unique views of the world. The two countries separately and independently created their own systems regarding the regional dynamics, but were still included in the tribute and investiture system of China. This was because adopting Chinese titles and systems represented their international standing within East Asia and helped domestically reinforce the respective ruler’s power. Accordingly,although the Sinocentric tribute and investiture system cannot explain the actual ruling-ruled relations, it is clear that the system served as a mechanism to maintain the order within the regional dynamics and to express the ritual ranks of each country. 이 연구는 첫째, 魏晉南北朝時期 華夷思想이 胡族 및 그 국가에 의해 변용된 모습을 복원하고, 둘째, 그를 근간으로 수립된 동아시아 국제질서의 특징을 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 본문에서는 다음과 같은 내용들이 고찰되었다. 우선 五胡 안에서 확인되는 中華意識이 어떻게 생성되었는지를 살펴, 그 의식의 실체를 파악해 보고자 하였다. 그 결과 胡族君主에게서 보이는 중화의식은 夷狄 스스로의 변화의 결과만은 아니고, 오랜 기간 동안 진행된 華夷 雜居의 결과이며 이적에 대한 漢族의 의식 변화가 불러온 결과임을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로는 이러한 중화의식이 胡族王朝들에게서 어떠한 구체적인 조처로 표현되었는가를 확인하였다. 호족왕조들은 자신들이 受命王朝임을 드러내기 위해 五德說에 대응한 王朝交替說을 확립하였고, 皇帝號와 天王號를 채용하여 군주의 권위를 높였다. 또한 스스로를 중화로 규정하여 복속한 타종족을 夷狄視하며, 그들을 관할하는 軍官職을 설치하였다. 이러한 일련의 조처들에 의해 명실상부한 중국적 황제국가로 변화한 호족왕조들은 너나할 것 없이, 자신을 중심으로 하는 冊封朝貢秩序를 수립하여 다원적이며 중층적 국제질서를 수립하였다. 중국 내 호족왕조들의 중화의식의 변용과 그에 따른 독자적인 국제질서의 수립은 또 다른 중심과 변방을 만들어 냈다. 그리고 중화의식의 전파라는 현상을 만들어 냈다. 高句麗와 倭에서 보이는 독자적인 君主號와 天下觀이 그것이다. 흥미롭게도 이들은 독자적 천하관을 수립하고, 그것에 근거한 독자적인 세력권을 형성하여 중층적 국제질서를 만들어 내는 한편 여전히 중국의 책봉조공질서 안에 포함되어 있었다. 그것은 중국식 칭호나 제도의 사용이 당시 동아시아세계에서 국제적 지위를 표현했기 때문이며, 자국 안에서의 권력 유지의 도움이 되었기 때문이다. 따라서 중국을 중심으로 하는 책봉조공질서가 실질적인 지배와 피지배의 관계를 설명하지는 못했다 해도, 국제관계 안에서 일종의 질서 유지 장치이자 儀禮的 서열을 표현하는 방법으로 작동했던 것은 분명해 보인다.