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Does Improved Attention Induced by Caffeine Intake Affect Olfactory Function?
한규진,이지연,최보윤,정하민,조재훈,김진국 대한이비인후과학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.13 No.1
Objectives. Past several studies have proven that caffeine facilitates attentional enhancement by acting as an adenosine antagonist once it is absorbed by the body, resulting in improved psycho-behavioral function. Modern clinical olfactory function tests are usually assessed by psychophysical tests but due to a paucity of data, the influence of enhanced attention by caffeine on olfactory function still remains unclear. The objective of this study was to compare results of cognitive function (attention) and olfactory function before and after caffeine administration in order to analyze effects of caffeine on olfactory function in normosmic subjects. Methods. This study enrolled 49 participants of Konkuk University Hospital with a mean age of 27.7 years who had patent olfactory clefts and no olfactory dysfunction from May 2015 to February 2016. Subjects were restrained from caffeine 10 hours before the test. On day 1, participant’s subjective olfactory function was evaluated before and after uptake of either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee using visual analog scale (VAS) score, minimum cross-sectional area (MCA) measured by acoustic rhinometry, and the Korean version of Sniffin’ Stick II (KVSS II). Evaluation of participant’s attentional degree was measured by d2 test. On day 2, the same procedure was carried out with counterpart substance. The type of coffee initially administrated was randomly selected. Results. After administration, caffeinated coffee resulted in significant attentional enhancement than decaffeinated coffee. Results of d2 test showed statistically significant differences in the parameters of total number of errors and omission errors. In both the caffeinated and decaffeinated groups, the patients showed slight increase in VAS score and nasal cavity area; however, the difference was not statistically significant. Also, caffeinated coffee intake compared to decaffeinated coffee intake showed no significant relevance to olfactory function. Conclusion. Caffeine may significantly improve attentional congnitive function, while not have acute effects on olfactory function.
G발표장 : 열역학 2 ; G-32 : Dilutor Method를 이용한 DMC 포함계의 무한희석활동도계수
한규진,박소진,오종혁 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.2
The knowledge of activity coefficients at infinite dilution (γ∞) are of particular importance for the synthesis, design, and optimization of separation processes because the largest separation effort is required to remove the last traces of impurities. Furthermore, reliable γ∞ values are required to select selective solvents (entrainers) for separation processes such as extractive distillation, extraction, and so forth or to check for separation problems(azeotropic points and miscibility gaps). In this work γ∞ values for dimethyl carbonate(DMC)+methanol mixture and different hydrocarbons (n-heptane and benzene) for DMF and DMF/water mixtures measured with the help of the dilutor technique in the temperature of 30, 40 and 50 °C are reported, and the experimental data are compared with the estimated values using modified UNIFAC(Dortmund).
Benzene+NMF, toluene+NMF 이성분계의 등온기액평형과 과잉몰부피
한규진,박소진,원동복,오종혁 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1
용매추출공정은 증류공정을 대체할수 있는 가장 현실적인 분리공정으로서 증류에 의한 분리가 곤란한 공비혼합물과 가혹한 분리조건을 피할수 있는 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 추출공정에 의한 분리 이후에도 고순도의 정제과정과 용매회수 등을 위해서는 증류공정이 필수적으로 적용되어야 한다. 이러한 증류, 추출등의 상분리공정 설계를 위한 기초자료로서 해당혼합계에 대한 상평형과 열물성데이터는 매우 중요한 부분을 차지하게 된다. 본연구에서는 용매 추출공정에서 추출공정에서 DMF의 대체용매로 고려되고 있는 Nmethylformamide(NMF)를 중심으로 하여, benzene+NMF, toluene+NMF 이성분 혼합계에 대한 353.15K 등온기액평형을 headspace gas chromatography를 이용하여 측정하고 gE model을 이용한 상관계산을 수행하여 측정값과 계산값을 비교하였다. 또한 동일한 혼합계에 대한 298.15K 과잉몰부피를 digital vibrating tube densimeter와 이용해 각각 측정하고, 실험결과를 Redlich-Kister 다항식에 합치시켜 매개변수를 이용한 계산값과 비교하였다.
한규진 원광대학교 원불교사상연구원 2024 원불교사상과 종교문화 Vol.99 No.-
조선시대 구휼정책은 궁핍한 백성들의 생존을 돕는 중요한 사회복지 제도였다. 본 연구는 조선시대 시각장애인 무격(巫覡)인 맹격(盲覡)에 대한 국가의사회복지 정책(구휼책)에 초점을 맞춘 것이다. 조선시대는 잦은 자연재해와 전쟁으로 인해 국민들의 삶이 어려웠던 시기였다. 이에 국가는 구휼정책을 통해굶주린 백성들을 구제하고 농업생산을 재건하려고 노력했다. 구휼정책은 구황(救荒), 구료(救療) 등으로 구성되어 있었으며, 국가의 재정과 농민들의 생계를 유지하기 위한 중요한 제도였다. 그러나 구휼정책은 늘 완벽하게 시행되었던 것은 아니었다. 구휼 곡물의 부족, 관리들의 탐욕, 농민들의 빚, 토지불균형 등의 문제점이 있었으며, 이로 인해 구휼정책의 효과가 저하되거나 역효과를 낳기도 했다. 이러한 상황에서 농민들은 무속을 통해 자신들의 고통과 불안을 달래고 희망을 찾으려고 했다. 특히 성종은 여염(閭閻)에 질병이 성행할때 의무(醫巫)를 시켜 백성들의 구휼을 명령하기도 했고, 세종은 맹인들을 구호하기 위해 명통시(明通寺)를 설립하였고, 가뭄에는 맹인들에게 비를 빌게 하였다. 이렇듯 조선 왕조에서 시행한 구휼 정책은 사회의 잘못된 관행을 바로잡아 국정목표의 성과를 최대화하는데 목표가 있었다. The goal of “normal recovery” is to correct wrong practices in society and maximize the achievements of national goals. This article focuses on the national social welfare policy for blind shamans during the Joseon Dynasty. The salvation policy of the Joseon Dynasty was an important social welfare system that helped the poor survive. The Joseon Dynasty was a time when the lives of the people were difficult due to frequent natural disasters and wars. On the other hand, the state tried to save hungry people and rebuild agricultural production through salvation policies. The salvation policy consisted of salvation and treatment, which was an important system to maintain the national finances and the livelihood of farmers. However, salvation policies were not always implemented perfectly. There were problems such as a shortage of salvation grain, greed of officials, debt of farmers, and land imbalance, which reduced the effectiveness of salvation policies and caused adverse effects. In this situation, farmers tried to console their pain and anxiety and find hope through shamanism. In particular, King Seongjong ordered slum to do medical work and relieve the people when he was sick, and King Sejong established Myeongtongsi to help the blind and rained on the blind during drought.