Comparison of Beetle Communities in Pest Control and Non-control Areas of Pine Wilt Disease-affected Forests

하만릉,이총규 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2025 농업생명과학연구 Vol.59 No.1

In this study, we aimed to understand the effects of pest control on forest ecosystems by examining the populations of beetles, a bioindicatorspecies, in pine wilt disease-affected areas. Density and diversity of beetles at the pest control (sites 1 and 2) and control (site 3) siteswere compared. Site 1 contained 247 individuals of 11 species from 5 families, site 2 contained 461 individuals of 19 species from 9families, and control site 3 contained 511 individuals of 19 species from 9 families. The following main species were collected from eachsite: 34 pine jewel beetles(Chalcophora japonica) in June, 23 red flat bark beetles(Synuchus cycloderus) in August, and 42 red flat barkbeetles in September from site 1, 46 pine jewel beetles in June, 36 elegant beetles(Carabus jankowskii) in August, and 21 elegant beetlesin September from site 2, and 31 red ground beetles(Coptolabrus smaragdinus) in June, 56 two-spotted dust beetles(Planetes puncticeps)in August, and 30 two-spotted dust beetles in September from site 3. Furthermore, diversity, evenness, and dominance indices were analyzedfor all beetles collected from the pest control and control sites. Site 1 exhibited a diversity index of 0.706, evenness index of 0.711, anddominance index of 0.161. Site 2 exhibited a diversity index of 1.115, evenness index of 0.872, and dominance index of 0.097. Site 3exhibited a diversity index of 1.101, evenness index of 0.861, and dominance index of 0.102. Similarity index was 47.4% between sites1 and 2, 33.3% between sites 1 and 3, and 40.0% between sites 2 and 3

친환경적 밤재배와 관행재배지의 해충상과 천적에 관한 연구

하만릉,이총규 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2016 농업생명과학연구 Vol.50 No.4

국립공원 탐방객 수의 변화요인 분석

하만릉 ( Man-leung Ha ),김현 ( Hyun Kim ),이총규 ( Chong Kyu Lee ),추갑철 ( Gab Chul Choo ),윤용환 ( Yong Hwan Youn ) 한국산림경제학회 2020 산림경제연구 Vol.27 No.2

This study analyzed the number of visitors, one of the most critical factors in establishing the management policy of national parks, as well as the factors of its change. The total number of visitors to the national parks for the last ten years (2009-2018) was approximately 437 million. In 2009, the number was lowest, with about 38 million; on the contrary, the visitors’ number was highest in 2017 with around 47 million. Factors that affected changes in the counts of visitors to the national park by each year are natural disasters, social issues, and harsh weather conditions. Additionally, the visiting counts were also affected by favorable weather conditions, provision of the convenience facilities for the visitors, facility mending and expansions, and public advertisement. In conclusion, changes in the number of visitors due to weather conditions were natural elements that had no solutions to control or improve them, while fixing, expansion, and provision of tourists’ convenience facilities were positively affecting factors that increased the number of visitors in national parks.

남해안 주요 도서 곰솔림에 미치는 산성강하물의 영향

하만릉 ( Ha Man-leung ),이총규 ( Lee Chong-kyu ),이상곤 ( Lee Sang-gon ),김현 ( Kim Hyun ),김병흘 ( Kim Byeong-heul ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2021 한국도서연구 Vol.33 No.1

This study was conducted to provide basic data for the study of the islands by analyzing the components of acidic depositions entering forests around major islands on the south coast and investigating the decline of bear soles to determine the impact of acid depositions on trees. The acidity of the throughfall in Pinus thunbergii forests was the lowest in the spring season with pH 4.98 and the fall season with pH 5.02. Of the throughfall in the island area, the southern coast survey district had the highest NO₃^-, with 47.28mg/L and 46.22mg/L, respectively. SO₄^2- was the highest concentration in Namhae with an average of 58.47mg/L, followed by Namhae with 2.0 times higher concentration than in the control area, followed by Tongyeong. The Mg²⁺ had 16.23mg/L and 16.29mg/L, respectively, with the highest concentration of the Southern coastal survey district by region and 2.1 times higher than the control area. Next, the measurements were similar in Geoje and Tongyeong. The concentration of Ca²⁺was 30.27mg/L and 29.45mg/L, respectively, with 15.92mg/L and 16.02mg/L at control area, respectively. By region, Namhae survey district had the highest concentration and 1.9 times higher than the control area. Next came Geoje, followed by the Tongyeong survey district. As a result of analyzing the chlorophyll content of Pinus thunbergii forests in the island areas, Geoje district had the highest level, and Namhae district had the lowest level of 0.2987mg/g. The concentrations of SO₂ and NO₂ in the Pinus thunbergii forests in the island areas were 0.051 ppm and 0.063 ppm, 0.049 ppm and 0.062 ppm in the fall, respectively, while the concentration of NO₂ was 1.7 times higher in the spring and 1.5 times higher in the fall, respectively. The degree of decline in the island research site, Pinus thunbergii forests, was 2.10, Tongyeong survey district 1.80 and Namhae survey district 3.27 and control area 1.40. Namhae, which has the highest degree of decline, was found to be 2.9 times higher than the control area, followed by Geoje and Tongyeong was the lowest, similar to the control area. The correlation analysis of the factors effect the decline of the Pinus thunbergii forests was that the rainfall acidity was correlated (r=-0.8773), the concentration of SO₂ in the atmosphere was correlated (r=0.8946), and the concentration of NO₂ was correlation (r=0.8832). Correlation between acid precipitates was at 1% level for pH (r=-0.8773), NO₃^- (r=0.847), SO₄^2- (r=0.847) ions, SO₂ (r=0.8932), NO₂ (r=0.8932), and chlorophyll content (r=9628). The most effect variable was pH, which was 78% explanatory. The regression equation for factors effect the decline of the Pinus thunbergii forests was estimated to be Y = 4.8578 + 0.7820X2 + 0.8533X5 + 0.8698X11 + 0.8788X12 + 0.8901X6 (r2=0.8934). Here, X2 was pH, X5 was SO₄^2-, X11 was SO₂, X12 was NO₂ and X6 was NO₃^-, which was 89%.

경남지역 내 녹지공원의 수종별 시기별 활력도 변화에 관한 연구

김병흘,하만릉,이상곤,김현,이총규 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 농업생명과학연구 Vol.54 No.5

This study was conducted to provide basic data for protection and management of trees by identifying the Tree Healthy Vitality Index of landscape trees planted in major urban parks (4 locations) of Gyeongnam Province. First, the Tree Healthy Vitality Index of shrubs in Busan Citizens' Park was poor but Broad-leaved trees and coniferous trees were very good. The shrub class, Broad-leaved trees, and coniferous trees in Dadaepo Beach Park were all good, while the shrub class was good while coniferous trees and Broad-leaved trees were very good in Haeundae Naru Park. The shrub class was good and Broad-leaved and coniferous trees in Milyang Arirang Park were very good. As for the Tree Healthy Vitality Index by shrubs, coniferous trees were the highest, followed by Broad-leaved trees and shrubs. The highest average of Tree Healthy Vitality Index for shrubs in the four parks was in the order of Haeundae Naru Park, Milyang Arirang Park, Dadaepo Beach Park, and Busan Citizens’ Park. For change in the Tree Healthy Vitality Index of shrub measured by season, the highest index was in the order of Milyang Arirang Park, Haeundae Naru Park, Busan Citizens’ Park and Dadaepo Naru Park. Changes by seasons were lowest in early spring in March and April before the vibrant growth of Broad-leaved tree began, followed by September, October, and November in the autumn. The Tree Healthy Vitality Index was high in the summer months of June, July and August, and the highest period was August. 본 연구는 경남지역 내 주요공원(4곳)에 생존하고 있는 조경 수목의 수목활력도를 파악하여 수목보호 관리에 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 실시하였다. 부산시민공원 내 관목류의 수목활력도는 불량, 활엽 교목, 침엽 교목은 모두 양호한 수준이었다. 다대포해변공원 내 관목류, 활엽 교목, 침엽 교목은모두 양호한 수준이었다. 해운대나루공원 내 관목류는 양호한 수준이었으며, 활엽 교목, 침엽 교목은 매우 양호한 수준이었다. 밀양아리랑공원 내관목류는 양호한 수준이었고, 활엽수 교목과 침엽수 교목은 매우 양호한 수준이었다. 수목별 수목활력도는 침엽수 교목이 가장 높았으며, 그다음으로활엽수 교목, 관목류 순이었다. 4개의 공원에서 수목의 공원별 수목활력도의 평균이 가장 높은 순서는 해운대나루공원, 밀양아리랑공원, 다대포해변공원, 부산시민공원 순이었다. 계절별 수목활력도 변화는 계절별로 측정된 수목의 수목활력도에서 수목활력도가 가장 높은 순서는 밀양아리랑공원, 해운대나루공원, 부산시민공원과 다대포나루공원 순이었다. 계절별로 변화는 수목의 생장이 활기차게 시작되기 전 3월과 4월의 초봄이 가장 낮았고, 다음으로 가을철9, 10, 11월이 낮았다. 여름철인 6, 7, 8월이 수목활력도가 높았는데, 가장 높은 시기는 8월이었다.

Study on the Plants Planted in Rooftop and Their Damage by Insect Pests

한일근,하만릉,이총규 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.3

Plants planted in the green-roofed areas in Busan and Jinju were surveyed. The woody plants investigated in this study were classified into 52 families and 156 species, and the herbaceous plants were classified into 30 families and 97species. Woody plants mainly planted were Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, R. indicum, C. kousa, P. mume, and E. alatus. However, Pinus spp. were planted in all areas. The main herbaceous species planted were Sedum kamtschaticum, S. takesimense, S. middendorffianum, T. quinquecostatus var. japonica, and A. spathulifolius Maxim. According to surveying the distribution of woody plant pests, they could be classified into six orders, 24 families, and 46 species that usually appeared from April to October but especially between June and September. We investigated 39 insect species in relation to pest damage to leaves, 21 insect species in relation to that of branches, and 39 insect species in relation to that of stems of woody plants.

‘산림치유프로그램’의 질적 향상을 위한 연구

지연희,하만릉,김현,이총규 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2023 농업생명과학연구 Vol.57 No.4

This study investigated the status and quality of forest healing programs offered across the country based on the perceptions of programinstructors regarding in-service training, general conditions, and devices used. The study involved 93 forest healing instructors (25 malesand 68 females). Of these, 72 participants (77.4%) were between the ages of 50 to 70 years. Ranked from highest to lowest, job satisfactionfactors included being in the forest environment, healing, and fulfillment. In contrast, dissatisfaction factors included job insecurity, salaryconcerns, and the perceptions of other individuals, such as related public officials. Among the qualities needed in forest healing instructors,empathy was stated to be the most important. Most participants (96.8%) felt the need for in-service training, and 67.7% reported receivingtraining individually and were willing to pay for it. The best in-service training was perceived to be offered by the Korea Forest Serviceowing to the quality and duration of the training and the extended financial support. Based on information collected from forest healinginstructors—primarily through media such as YouTube—healing programs that included meditation received the highest number of responsesfrom program attendees, followed by those that included forest walks and those with footbaths. Most programs utilized similar devicessuch as InBody, heart rate variability (HRV)-measuring devices, and blood pressure monitors. Notably, participating instructors mentioneddifficulties operating these devices due to time constraints. 본 연구는 양질의 산림치유프로그램 개발과 운영을 위하여 전국의 치유의 숲에서 근무하고 있는 산림치유지도사를 대상으로 산림치유지도사와관련한 일반적 현황, 보수교육, 프로그램 관련 제반여건과 현황, 융복합적 체험의 치유기기의 운영에 관련하여 알아보았다. 남자 25명 여자 68명으로총 93명이 참여하였다. 산림치유지도사로 근무하는 연령대는 5·60대가 가장 많은 72명으로 전체의 77.4%였으며, 만족요인은 숲환경, 치유, 보람등의 순이었다. 불만족요인은 고용불안, 급여 등 처우, 관련공무원 등 주변의 인식 등이었다. 산림치유지도사의 덕목으로는 공감능력이 가장 중요한덕목이라고 하였다. 대부분(96.8%) 보수교육의 필요성을 느끼며, 67.7%가 개별적으로 보수교육을 수강하였고 비용을 지불할 의사가 있으며, 보수교육의 주체는 산림청이 가장 많았으며 그 이유로는 교육의 질과 비용과 시간의 지원 이라고 답하였다. 산림치유지도사의 관점에서 참여자의 호응도가높은 프로그램은 명상, 숲길걷기, 족욕의 순이었으며, 산림치유지도사의 정보수집경로는 유튜브 등의 매체의 이용이 가장 많았다. 치유기기관련문항에서는 대부분의 치유의 숲에는 인바디, HRV측정기, 혈압계 등으로 거의 비슷한 기기가 비치되어 프로그램에 이용되고 있었으며, 시간부족으로운영의 어려움이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

경상남도 남해군 밤나무 종실해충의 우화시기와 피해율

조양희,이총규,하만릉,김현 한국도서(섬)학회 2024 한국도서연구 Vol.36 No.1

남해 섬 지역에서 밤나무를 재배하고 있는 재배 농가를 대상으로 밤 종실해충인 복숭아명나방 성충의 우화 시기를 파악하고 피해율을 조사하여 방제 적기를 구명하여 약제 방제를 하므로서 피해를 최소화하고자 본 연구를 수행하게 되었다. 조사지역에 따른 우화 시기별 개체 수는 남해 섬 지역의 경우 설천면 비란 지역의 우화 시기는 7월 13일에 우화를 시작하여 9월 14일에 종료되었다. 남해 남면 평산지역의 우화 시기는 7월 10일에 우화를 시작하여 9월 14일에 종료되었다. 남해 서면 대정지역의 우화 시기는 7월 13일에 우화를 시작하여 9월 11일에 종료되었다. 남해 이동면 다정지역의 우화 시기는 7월 16일에 우화를 시작하여 9월 11일에 종료되었다. 남해 창선면 서대 지역의 우화 시기는 7월 16일에 우화를 시작하여 9월 14일에 종료되었다. 섬 지역과 대조지역으로 내륙에서 밤 재배지역이 가장 많고 재배자의 관심도가 높은 합천군 가회면 외사 지역의 경우에 우화 시기는 7월 31일에 우화를 시작하여 9월 17일에 종료되었다. 남해 섬 지역에서 재배하고 있는 밤나무 임지에서 결실되어 수확하는 시기별로 피해율을 조사한 결과 수확시기가 9월 7〜8로 초순인 밤은 조생종으로 단택, 삼조생의 경우 조사지역 모두에서 피해율이 높게 조사되었고 특히 대조구로서 내륙지역인 가회면 외사리에서 40.71%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 남면 평산 지역과 창선면 서대 지역의 피해율이 38.40과 38.02로 조사되었고, 설천면 비란 지역이 34.32%이었고, 이동면 다정 지역이 27.12%로서 피해율이 가장 낮았다. 수확시기가 9월 23〜24일로 하순인 밤은 중생종으로 유마, 축파는 섬 지역의 설천면 비란 지역과 남면 평산 지역이 각각 35.42%와 35.12%이었고, 대조구로서 합천군 가회면 외사 지역이 유사한 35.04%이었다. 다음으로 서면 대정 지역과 창선면 서대 지역이 각각 34.83%와 34.21%이었고, 가장 피해율이 낮은 지역은 이동면 다정 지역으로 36.73%이었다. 마지막으로 수확시기가 10월 3〜4일경 초순으로 만생종인 박미, 은기는 대조구로 합천군 가회면 외사 지역이 32.97%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 서면 대정 지역과 창선면 서대 지역이 각각 31.03%, 30.28%이었고, 남면 평산 지역이 29.74%이며, 가장 낮은 피해율은 이동면 다정 지역으로서 26.81%이었다. 따라서 수확 시기별의 밤에 발생하는 복숭아명나방의 피해율은 조생종>중생종>만생종의 순으로 피해율이 많이 조사되었다.

Characterization of the Distribution of Indicator Species Beetles in the Mt. Mangunsan Area

Junsu Kim,하만릉,김현,이총규 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2024 Journal of Forest Science Vol.40 No.2

This study aimed to investigate habitat distribution and beetle diversity, using beetles as biological indicator species to assess environmental changes in the Mt. Mangunsan area near the South Sea of Korea. Plots were installed at varying elevations on the southern and northern slopes of Mt. Mangunsan, and the beetle species composition was determined. A total of 1,368 beetles comprising 32 species belonging to ten families were collected between May and September 2023 from the study sites in the Mt. Mangunsan area near the South Sea of Korea. The two most prevalent species consisted of Synuchus nitidus, with 152 collected beetles, and Calosoma chinense, with 128 collected beetles. In May, June, July, August, and September, 76 beetles comprising 10 species, 180 beetles comprising 18 species, 138 beetles comprising 15 species, 525 beetles comprising 27 species, and 449 beetles comprising 25 species were collected, respectively, with the highest abundance observed in August. In terms of elevation, 239 beetles comprising 19 species were collected at 300 m; 352 beetles comprising 27 species at 400 m; 314 beetles comprising 24 species at 500 m; 280 beetles comprising 22 species at 600 m; 183 beetles comprising 16 species at 700 m. Based on the slope, 442 beetles comprising 18 species belonging to eight families were collected on the southern slope, and 926 beetles comprising 24 species belonging to 10 families were collected on the northern slope. Analysis of the beetles on the southern slope produced the following estimations: diversity of 1.086, evenness of 0.866, and dominance of 0.109. Meanwhile, those in the northern slope yielded a diversity of 1.204, evenness of 0.873, and dominance of 0.081.

경상남도 사천시 소나무재선충병 감염목 내 재선충의 동태

이미영,이총규,하만릉,김현 한국도서(섬)학회 2023 한국도서연구 Vol.35 No.1

Black pine (Pinus thunbergii), which grows wild in the southern coastal Sacheon-city islands, is prone to infection with the pine wilt disease (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) that causes significant damage. In order to minimize the damage to black pine in island areas in the future, the distribution of pine wilt nematodes was investigated, with a comparison between an island area and an inland area as a control. The seasonal change of the pine wilt nematode density in the infected trees was 1.2 times higher in the island area than in the inland area. The island area was also found to feature a higher distribution density of pine wilt nematodes than that found in infected trees in the inland area. By location, the highest population of pine wilt nematodes was found in the branches at the top, followed by 10 m above ground, 1.2 m above ground, and lastly, the root of the infected tree. The number of nematodes in the infected trees in the island area showed no difference when the moisture content was 30% to 40%, or lower, around 10-20%. By period, it was found that infected trees rapidly died from the end of June to early August when they were infected with insect vectors. The dead wood of the black pine was collected in late April and late October, and the pine wilt nematodes were separated. When the ratio of the pine wilt nematodes to other similar nematodes was examined, it was found that pine wilt nematodes accounted for 85% and 96% in spring and autumn, respectively, and other nematodes accounted for 15% and 4%, respectively. As a peninsula country, Korea is surrounded by the sea on three sides, and the sea and its scattered islands are essential to its unique environment. In addition, the islands, which occupy an important geopolitical position, and the dense trees that inhabit them are also significant resources that cannot be overlooked in our emotions. In particular, the value of pine trees in Korea is shown historically, and it is judged that flora without pine trees is meaningless. In particular, the health of black pine, a pine tree native to the southern coastal islands, is significant. Recently, it has been at the point of devastation due to the damage of the pine wilt nematode in black pine in the island area. Therefore, it is thought that it is possible to manage black pine only when urgent investigations and studies are conducted on these damages. The comparison of tree damage in island and inland areas will be essential data for tree protection in island areas. If this situation is not recognized at present, it is thought that there will be difficulties in managing trees in the island area in the future. Therefore, this study is judged to be the starting point of continuous research on pine wilt disease that will kill black pine in the island area in the future, and constant monitoring of the island area should be accompanied.