HUD용 다파장 레이저 광학부품 설계 및 분석

최해운,Choi, Hae Woon 한국레이저가공학회 2014 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.17 No.1

Head up display is in increasing demand for advanced devices in the modern luxury vehicles. It helps drivers focus on driving environment on the road. While HUD technology with LED has advanced, the brightness in daylight can be still an issue to be resolved. Laser light source is a possible solution to overcome the brightness problem and optimal optics design is required for the best performance. Sample design of optics is proposed and detail procedure of lens design evaluation is presented in this paper. The results were characterized by using a ray tracing method and qualitative analysis for spot and DEE is also presented. The overall error or image distortion remained in the target range of $25{\mu}m$ and the simulated image demonstrated possible use in the automotive applications.

극초단 레이저의 물질작용 및 바이오메디컬 미세가공과 접합공학의 응용

최해운,Choi, Hae-Woon 대한용접접합학회 2008 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.26 No.4

다중 특성을 가지는 레이저 빔 제어를 통한 열영향 해석

최해운(Hae-Woon Choi) 한국기계가공학회 2022 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.21 No.1

A computer simulation was performed to investigate the heat source distribution and temperature distribution of a laser having multiple characteristics. To simulate the actual size of a welding specimen, the temperature distributions at 0 s, 1 s, and 2 s were analyzed by increasing the domain size to 50 mm in length and 25 mm in width in a material of the same thickness. As indicated by the results, because of the characteristics of metals with high thermal conductivity, the temperature at the welding center line and the temperature distribution at the offset position were not significant. When the core part was cooled by irradiating with a laser, it cooled at a rate of up to 500 °C/s. In contrast, when the laser was irradiated to the ring part, the cooling proceeded at a rate of over 1800 °C /s. Comparing the relative numerical values rather than the absolute values, it was found that the cooling rate was approximately 3.6 times faster when the laser was irradiated through the ring than when the laser was irradiated through the core. As a result of irradiating with the same heat source (at 100 W) into the core, ring, and ring + core, it was confirmed that the highest temperature was irradiated to the ring part and the lowest temperature was irradiated to the core part.

3차원 광경화성 수지와 폴리아세테이트 수지의 레이저 접합해석

최해운(Hae Woon Choi),윤성철(Sung Chul Yoon) 대한기계학회 2015 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.39 No.7

본 논문에서는 격자가 있는 광경화성수지와 폴리아세테이트 수지의 레이저 접합해석에 대한 실험적 결과와 컴퓨터시뮬레이션 결과를 비교분석하였다. 3차원 격자형상은 MJM 방식의 3D 프린터를 사용하였고, 접합은 다이오드 레이저를 사용하였다. 5Watt ~ 7Watt 범위에서 경계면에 조사된 레이저는 유리천이온도에 도달 후 상면의 격자사이로 침투되어 기계적인 접합이 이루어졌다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 결과, 분포 온도를 통해서 열유동방향을 예측할 수 있었으며 분석을 통해서 접합의 원리를 이해할 수 있었다. 접합실험에서 최대 입열조건인 고출력 저속에서의 2scan 접합이 최소 입열조건이 저출력 고속 조건의 4 scan 보다는 훨씬더 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 일정수준(Threshold) 이상의 최소에너지 즉, 유리천이온도 이상이 되어야만 효과적인 것을 알 수가 있었다 In this study, experimental and computer simulation results are compared and analyzed. Three-dimensional (3D) fabricated matrices from an MJM 3D printer were joined with poly-acetate thermoplastic polymers using a diode laser. A power range of 5-7 W was used to irradiate the boundary of two polymers. The heated polymers flowed into the matrices of the 3D fabricated structure, and reliable mechanical joining was achieved. Computer simulation showed the temperature distribution in the polymers, and flow direction was estimated based on the flux and temperature information. It was found that the more than the minimum energy threshold was required to effectively join the polymers and that two scans at low-speed were more effective than four scans at high speed.

극초단 레이저를 이용한 PC-TEMs 초정밀 가공에 대한 연구

최해운(Hae Woon Choi) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2011 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.28 No.1

PC-TEMs (Polycarbonate Track-Etched membranes) were micro-drilled for biomedical applications by ultrafast pulsed laser. The ablation and damage characteristics were studied on PE-TEMs by assuming porous thin membranes. The experiments were conducted in the range of 2.02 J/㎠ and 8.07J/㎠. The ablation threshold and damage threshold were found to be 2.56J/㎠ and 1.14J/㎠, respectively. While a conical shaped drilled holes was made in lower fluence region, straight shaped holes were drilled in higher fluence region. Nanoholes made the membrane as porous material and ablation characteristics for both bulk and thin film membranes were compared.

하이브리드 용접방식을 이용한 박판 및 후판용접공정

최해운(Hae Woon Choi),신현명(Hyun Myung Shin),임문혁(Moon Hyuk Im) 대한기계학회 2008 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.32 No.11

An application of innovative laser+GMA hybrid welding process is presented for reducing bead humping defects in high speed welding and increasing side wall fusion in narrow groove welding without torch or wire oscillation. In this hybrid process, the laser heat input is applied adjacent to the weld pool at a relatively low power density to produce a wider, flatter weld bead. In bead on plate in sheet metal gauges, the hybrid process was able to produce hump-free welds from 70ipm (~1780㎜/min) to over 150ipm (~3810㎜/min) of the travel speed compared to the un-assisted GMAW process. A square-butt joint in 15mm A572 Gr50 steel welds was investigated. A square butt joint with a gap of 3.2㎜ was filled with 6 passes. Liquid Nitrogen calorimetry and innovative CO₂ laser reflective optics were also developed to demonstrate the concept of hybrid welding.

3차원 부품 레이저 용접용 스캐너 광학 최적설계

최해운(Hae Woon Choi) 한국기계가공학회 2020 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.19 No.6

In this paper, we present the results of our research to perform 3D laser scanning functions by adding a focusing lens to a conventional 2D laser scanner. For the optical design, the ray-tracing technique was used along with a total of four lenses as the variable incident focusing lens, the collimating lens, and the F-Theta lens. As design variables, the curvature of the incident focusing lens (Lens #1) was assumed to be us, l mm and sumed mm, and the incident angles were set at 0cidenus, l. In addition, the distance between the focusing lens and the collimating lens was set to vary from 5 mm to 15 mm. When the incident focal length was varied from 5 mm to 15 mm, the exit focal length was calculated to vary from 67.5 mm to 56.8 mm for the lens with R = 100 mm and from 108.5 mm to 99.0 mm for the lens with R = 150 mm. When the incident angle was 0°, the focal aberration was only slightly observable at 10㎛ in both the x- and y-direction. At 7.5° was the focal aberration of approximately 20~50㎛ was measured at 20㎛. To investigate the chromatic aberration of the designed optical device, the distortion of the focus was observed when the 550 nm beam was simulated on lens designed for a 980 nm wavelength.

액상유체 환경하에서 레이저빔의 산란 해석

최해운(Hae Woon Choi) 한국기계가공학회 2019 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.18 No.2

A new experimental approach is proposed to detect a specific polymer dissolved in a liquid. Distinctive optical properties were found using a laser scattering technique when there is a polymer compound with almost no difference in optical properties (index of refraction) in a liquid phase. The index of refraction, which determines the refraction of light, is obtained by dissolving PCL and PLA. The used samples are biodegradable materials with similar properties and dissolved in a mixture of Chloroform 7: Methanol 3. To predict the optical properties, a 632-nm diode laser was used as the light source of the device, and an integrating sphere was used as the light receiver. Although PCL and PLA had a similar index of refraction of 1.46-1.48, the dissolved PCL showed a relative transmittance of 43%, and the dissolved PLA had a relative transmittance of 34%. The difference in optical properties of the pure polymer compound in the solid state or liquid state is not significantly different, and the difference in the dissolved state in the specific solvent is remarkable because the solubility differs in a specific solution and is randomly distributed.

Analysis of Laser Heat Distribution in Al-Cu Welding

Hae Woon Choi(최해운) 한국기계가공학회 2021 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.20 No.2

A computer simulation was performed to study the effectiveness of temperature on the type of laser heat source in the context of the heterogeneous welding of aluminum and copper materials. Three different types of heat sources were used in the computer simulation: 1) Single Beam Straight Scan, 2) Single Beam Wobble Scan, and 3) Dual Beam Straight Scan. Among these sources, dual beam straight scan was found to be the most effective from the viewpoint of heat source control. Because the difference between the melting temperatures of copper and aluminum is approximately 400°C, a clear separation of heating temperature was required, and the dual beam straight scan provided superior controllability in this regard. When using the dual beam, the temperature of the 90:10 split was considerably easier to control than that of the 50:50 split. The optimal offset was calculated to be 4 mm off to the copper side, where the melting temperature and thermal conductivity were higher. In this manner, computer simulation was effectively used for determining the optimal laser beam hear source control without performing an actual laser welding experiment.

Analysis of Optical Characteristics of Oil Immersion Lens in Aqueous Environment

Hae Woon Choi(최해운) 한국기계가공학회 2019 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.18 No.11

The oil immersion method can be used to create objective lenses with long working distances without sacrificing the focusing resolution for laser processing. In this study, a space in which air or oil can be filled was formed in the middle of a lens for analyzing the optical properties of a liquid-oil immersion lens. As the refractive media, air and oils of different refractive index values (1.2 and 1.5, respectively) were used. A simulation was conducted in the ZEMAX software environment using the ray-tracing technique, and the performance of the oil immersion lens was verified by determining its image distortion and focal length (FL) in each medium. In the case of air, the calculated FL was 0.813 ㎜, whereas the imaged FLs were 1.594 ㎜ and 8.126 ㎜ when the refraction indices were 1.2 and 1.5, respectively. The FL of an oil immersion lens could be increased considerably. In terms of image distortion, the oil immersion lens exhibited little distortion at the center in all cases, but different degrees of image distortion were observed at different points away from the center depending on the refraction index degree.