학교 통 폐합의 접근방법 분석

최청일(Chong Il Tchoi) 한국지방교육경영학회 1998 지방교육경영 Vol.3 No.2

대학의 수업료 및 기부행위 분석

최청일(CHONG IL TCHOI) 한국지방교육경영학회 1996 지방교육경영 Vol.1 No.-

A study of the economic behavior of a university was similar to the one for a study of the profit institution. This similarity attempted one to apply the principles of decision making of a firm to the decision making of a university. The university distinguished itself from the profit institutions in respect of the mechanics of its decision making itself. While in case of flue firm, the market process guided decisions, it was the political process that guides decisions of the university. The study examined sources of finance and developed general principles of resource use by the university as a non-profit institution and attempted a detailed economic examination of the performance of the university. The major sources of finance for university education happened to be the private sector. The private sources of finance consist of fees of various types and donations and charitable contributions. This paper propose to discuss some of general aspects of university fees and donations and then examine the economic dimension of these sources of finance for the university education. The analysis of the economic nature of university education revealed that it was neither a pure private good so that it should be supplied at a price to cover its costs fully, nor a public good, so that it should be supplied free of charge. It was a case of a mixed good, with major private benefits necessitating levy of fees at fairly high levels so as try cover a major portion of costs of supply. An attempt was made in this paper to examine the various tangible and intangible elements involved in the donation activity and also to prevent the conditions for realizing an equilibrium volume of donations both frm the point of view of the supplier of donations and the user of donations. This analysis of donation activity helps us to understand the nature of measures to be undertaken for encouraging the flow of donations to university education.

대도시 공동화 현상에 따른 도심학교 통 폐합의 비용 -수익 분석

최청일(Chong Il Tchoi),박선하(Seon Ha Park) 한국지방교육경영학회 1999 지방교육경영 Vol.4 No.-

교육과 투입-산출분석

최청일 동아대학교 교육대학원 1998 동아교육논총 Vol.24 No.-

교육에서 투입과 산출과의 관계와 본질을 이해하는 것은 교육기관의 책무성을 증가시키고 효율성을 향상시키는 것과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 교육에서 규모와 비용과의 관계 연구는 학교와 교육청 수준에서 모두 규모의 경제를 보여준다. 규모와 산출간의 관계를 탐색하는 연구는 혼합된 결과를 나타내고 있다. 교육 생산 함수의 투입요소와 산출에 따라 3가지 유형이 존재하는데 이용영역에 따라서 행정적, 심리적 및 경제적 생산함수 방법이 있다. 교육의 비용-수익 분석은 금전적 의미에서 비용과 수익을 고려하고 있다. 교육에서 비용-수익 분석의 적용은 수익이 교육/훈련의 결과로부터 발생하는 소득 증가로 측정되어지고 그리고 비용이 유실소득과 교육/훈련의 직접비용으로 측정되는 교육/훈련사업을 비교하는데 가장 적합한 방법이다. 비용-효과성 분석은 교육과정으로의 투입요소가 금전적으로 나타낼 수 있지만 산출은 이와같은 방법으로 나타낼 수 없는 경우에 사용된다. 교육산업에 이러한 기법의 적용은 교육의 효율성과 효과성을 향상시키는데 그 목적이 있을 뿐만 아니라 교육정채 결정을 뒷받침하는 수량적인 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이들 방법의 이용과 관련되는 주요 문제는 투입요소와 산출이 확정되고 측정되는 데 따르는 정확성으로 요약 할 수 있다. In recent years, the desire to increase accountability and improve the efficiency of the educational institution has led to increased interest in understanding the nature and relationaship of inputs and outputs in education. In this study four approaches to input-output analysis in education have been examined. Cost-benefit analysis considers both costs and benefits in monetary terms and reports results in terms of either a cost-benefit ratio, an internal rate of return, or the net present value. Cost-effectiveness analysis is used in those situations where the inputs into the educational process can be expressed in monetary terms, but where the outputs cannot be easily or convincingly expressed as such. Cost-effectiveness analysis generally is concerned with more short-term effects than is cost-benefit analysis. Iconomies-of-scale analysis explores the relationship between size and either the input(cost) or the output. Studies of the relationship between size and cost in education have shown size economies at both the school and district level. Educational production-function analysis is aimed at determining the mix of inputs required to maximize outputs. Depending upon their inputs and outputs, three types of educational production functions exist: the administrator, the psychologist, and the economist. The application of these techniques to the educational enterprises is aimed not only at improving efficiency and effectiveness, but at providing education leaders and policy makers quantitative data to support their decisions. A major problem with their usage is the accuracy with which inputs and outputs can be defined and measured.

고교생의 과외수업 실태 분석

최청일,박영희 동아대학교 학생생활연구소 2001 學生硏究 Vol.29 No.-

The purpose of this is to examine the current status of private tutoring received by high school students Results of the study can be described as follows. 1.The majority of high school students receive the private tutoring. Most of them experienced such lessons during their elementary school days whether they sought to advance into higher levels of school or develop their own tastes, specialties or skills. 2.Despite a substantial public investment to school education under the policy of 5% educational finance the quantitative expansion of education have not proceeded along with the qualitative improvement of education of terms of educational conditions and facilities. For this reason, private educational expenses have been spent more than public ones. The amount of such private expenses depends on the economic power of homes because the market of private education is governed by the principle of market economy. Differences in the economic ability lead to the deepened differences in the quality of education experienced by students, increasing the inequalities of educational opportunity and further social opportunity. To solve these problems, measure to convert such enormously paid private educational expenses into such expenses used for public education should be taken. 3.A flood of private education including private tutoring and lectures by private institutes and thereon excessive expenses for such education have been all caused by the fact that the existing public education could not have provided services enough. To solve these problems, public education should have competitive power as comparable to private education. 4.Most of those students who received private tutoring responded that such lessons were helpful to their better academic achievement. Furthermore, it was found that the majority of students who achieved good results at the college entrance exam experienced private tutoring. Thou such lessons should be changed from as a means seeking the fierce competition of college entrance to as a means helping students develop their own qualities. 5. Long-term efforts to converge activities of private into those of public education within school should be needed. Public education as represented by school education should be provided with a variety programs to meet students' interests, demands and needs and to ultimately realize learner-oriented education and education considering differences among individual students.

후기 중등교육과 고등교육 선택의 경제적 분석

최청일,천구태 東亞大學校 學生生活硏究所 1993 學生硏究 Vol.21 No.-

In the early 1970s, with the availability of individual student data empirical research on higher education demand shifted to analyses of the individual's decision over whether and where to attend college. In these empirical studies we estimate wheter an individual goes to college or gets a job. At the same time, preference, price, income are chosen variables to determine college-going behavior. The aim of this paper is to investigate an individual's college-going behavior in high school using these three variables. The data showing students' attributes were collected from students, who graduated from Kim-hae High School in 1990 and 1991. IQ, parents' education and occupation, marks were selected from their personal records. A survey Questionaire was used to the sample of 437 students attending now in Kim-hae High School and their parents. The questionaire was produced to know the influences of income and price when going to college. The questionaire returned were statistically treated to obtain answers to the question stated for this study.

학교 회계제도의 문제점 및 발전 방향 탐색

최청일,김의호 東亞大學校 2001 東亞論叢 Vol.38 No.-

To cultivate new intellectuals and creative ones who would cope better with the 21st century's knowledge-based society, each of the schools of this nation should perform its capacity related to education to the utmost under self-regulation. The new version of school accounting system becomes a framework which would sustain the effectiveness of such voluntary and creative education in each level of school. It is not yet determined whether the newly introduced system would be really effective in education fields. But, in fact, success or failure in accomplishing the purpose of any system as introduced depends probably on ways of the system operation. The successful operation of school accounting system requires a thorough improvement of existing budget allocation practices, that is, the current situation that supervising education agencies allocate budgets to each school and decide in advance objectives or businesses of budget use without any negotiations with each of the educational institutions, Also such accounting system at each school could be steadily established only when budgeting by each school at its own discretion is carried out democratically and transparently. Such settlement of school accounting system requires recurrently providing related education and training to principals, staff and ordinary teachers and members of school management committee, all of whom are responsible for school budgeting. The education and training should provide substantial and practical instructions, especially regarding the necessity and method of budget demand and the rules of budget and settlement account inspections. In fact, all of the responsible workers, except school adminstration officers, are non-experts about budget. It is, therefore, hooded to form conditions that help those non-professionalists deal with budget effectively. In this sense, the form of budget statements should be made to be easily understood and later school affairs for which budget was really spent should be informed in detail. Moreover, each of the schools itself should provide teachers a preliminary training of budgeting.

초등학교 예산운영 분석

최청일,장 현 東亞大學校 2000 東亞論叢 Vol.37 No.-

In an effort to seek a scientific and rational way to plan and execute elementary school budgets, this paper analyzes the realities of current budget planning and its execution. To this effect, a survey was conducted to vice-principals, principals, and school budget executors with a focus on how autonomously, appropriately, and efficiently they carry out the budget-related issues. The results of the survey and the suggested remedies are as follows. First, it seems necessary in planning a budget to consider the relation between school education plan and budget allotment, the more involvement of people concerned, and the benefits of the beneficiaries. Second, as far as the execution of budget goes, a free right must be assigned to the teachers in charge, and a priority should be given to the operation of the curriculum, the simplification of procedures, students' welfare, and the improvement of educational environment. Also of necessity are the constitution of budget committee, the unified channel of school accounting, the evaluation of school budget planning and execution.

교육의 수익성 분석

최청일,박선하 동아대학교 교육대학원 1997 동아교육논총 Vol.23 No.-

경제성장에 대한 교육의 기여도는 여러 연구에서 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 특히 인간자본론에 관한 제연구들이 이를 실증적으로 뒷받침하고 있다. 교육의 경제성장에 대한 영향은 국가의 경제발달 수준 및 노동생산성 그리고 국가 및 시대에 따라서도 현저한 차이를 보인다. 교육투자 수익률은 추정자료, 추정연도, 추정방법 등에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 교육과 인간자본론에 의하여 경제성장요인을 검토하고 이에 관한 선행연구고찰을 통해 경제성장요인을 파악하며, 교육의 경제성장에 대한 기여도 측정 또는 교육투자 수익율 분석방법을 탐색하는 데 그 목적을 두었다. 이 연구의 결과는 첫째, 경제성장에 있어 교육의 기여도는 제학자에 따라, 추정연도에 따라 상이하게 나타나고 있었다. 그러나 인간자본론의 입장에서 볼 때 상당한 기여도가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교육투자 수익률은 대부분의 국가에서 10% 이상이었다. 셋째, 학교급별에 있어서는 초등학교의 수익률이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로, 개발도상국의 교육수익율이 선진국보다 높게 나타났다. Investments in education as a form of human capital were made with the expectation that benefits would be recdived. Investments in education could be considered capital investments since education itself may be considered a form of human capital as an asset embodied in an individual that could be used to produce a stream of future earnings. Many researches demonstrated the inference that education contributed to economic growth primarily through its effect on productivity. Data showed that the influence of education on economic growth was different from each other by the nation's level of economic development and economic productivity. And also its influence varied according to the nations and time periods. The rates of return to education would be different from to data of measurement, years of measurement and methods of estimation. The purpose of this study was to review the contribution of education to economic growth and to analyze the rates of return to investments in education according to human capital theory. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the studies for the contribution of education to economic growth varied with researchers and years of measurement. However, all estimations showed that the relation of education to economic growth was significant. Second, the rate of return to education was above 10% almost in every country. Third, the rate of return to education for primary education was highest among levels of education. Finally, the return to investments in education was higher in less developed countries than in advanced countries.

農漁的 小規模學校와 社會的 費用-收益分析

최청일 동아대학교 교육대학원 1996 동아교육논총 Vol.22 No.-

비용-수익분석은 그 가치가 널리 인식되기 시작하였고 이를 실제 정책에서 활용하기 위한 모형이 여러가지로 개발되고 있다. 소규모학교의 통·폐합에 있어서 비용-수익접근방법을 적용하기 위하여는 다음과 같은 사회적 선호성이 반영되어야 한다. 첫째, 학교와 지역주민과의 관계는 교육효과를 증대시키는데 관련성이 높다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 이러한 관계는 교육비와는 직접적인 관련성이 없다하더라도 통·폐합시 간접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있는 변인으로는 고려되어야 한다. 둘째, 지역사회 주민의 자발적 지불의사는 전체적인 교육비에서는 중요한 변인이 될 수 있다. 셋째, 소규모학교의 통·폐합이 가속화되면서 이에대한 지역사회의 통·폐합 반대여론도 비가시적인 비용으로 푸함하여야 한다. 그러나 비용-수익분석을 너무 지나치게 주장하기 때문에 발생하는 비판도 적지 않다 이 분석방법은 정치적인 현실을 너무 무시하고 있다는 지적도 있다. 소규모학교의 통·폐합과 같이 현실세계의 의사결정과정이 비용-수익접근방법의 토대가 되는 합리적모형과 일치하지 않는다는 것을 이해할 필요가 있다. 그러나 이러한 인식은 교육을 계획하고 평가하는 과정에 있어서 비용-수익분석과 같은 체계적인 접근방법의 포기를 의미하는 것이 되어서는 되지 않는다. 어느 접근방법이든지간에 본질적으로 가치판단의 문제가 내포되어 있다는 것을 인식하면서 출발하여야 할 것이다. Sustaining inflation and tight fiscal conservatism were sources of major concern to educational decision makers. The resources needed to operate educational systems have grown more expensive while the funding necessary to acquire them is increasingly difficult to obtain. As a result, the policy makers for education are forced to find better techniques for evaluating the effectiveness off institutional programs. One consequence of this need for improved techniques is a rush to use the analytical and decision tools of business and industry. Cost-benefit analysis is useful for analysing the effectiveness of educational programs. However, it should be employed with caution. The purpose of this study was to grasp the consolidation of small schools in rural and fishery areas and to discover the applicability of cost-benefit analysis to the consolidation of small schools. The strengths and limitations of this techniques must be understood if it is to be used appropriately and effectively. Such a model involves three steps: 1.Assessment of altematives and their outcomes; 2.Assessment of social preferences; and 3.Application of a decision rule to make a choice. Three major processes associated with the use of cost-benefit analysis for evaluating educational policies have been discussed in this paper. The potential for controversy associated with these steps, requires cautious use of coat-benefit analysis as an analytical or evaluative tool for educational policy. The problem of defining the social discount rate and identifying and quantifying relevant costs and benefits remain. The lack of precision associated with cost-benefit analysis does not mean it is inapproprite for planning and evaluating educational policy. If carefully implemented and properly interpreted, each procedure can help decision makers understand the results of past decisions or estimate the probable outcomes of future investments. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis can assist educational administrators in coping with the present economic realities.