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채성원 대한평형의학회 2009 Research in Vestibular Science Vol.8 No.2
The semicircular canals sense angular acceleration and are arranged in roughly parallel pairs. The vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) is responsible for maintaining binocular fixation and stabilizing binocular foveal images during head movements. The VORs are divided into two types: angular and linear. Angular reflexes are initiated by activation of the semicircular canals. There are several kinds of test for semicircular canal function such as caloric test, rotation test, and pulse step sine test. Caloric testing remains the most useful laboratory test in determining the responsiveness of a labyrinth. It is one of the few tests that allow one labyrinth to be studied independently of the other. The stimulus can be applied relatively easily with techniques that are commonly available. Caloric testing relies on stimulating or cooling the vestibular system by alternately heating and cooling the external auditory canal with water or air. Rotational tests analyze the responses of both labyrinths together. They require a high-torque motor-driven chair and relatively advanced software to analyze the results. Rotatory chair testing is useful in assessing vestibular function in patients with suspected bilateral vestibular hypofunction and children. Step changes in head velocity can be used instead of sinusoidal rotations to identify vestibular hypofunction. Time constant are determined by the time after onset of the stimulus at which slow phase eye velocity has decreased by 67% of its initial value. The use of a novel “pulse-step-sine” (PSS) rotational stimulus can identify abnormal function of the horizontal semicircular canals in human subjects with unilateral and bilateral vestibular deficits. The semicircular canals sense angular acceleration and are arranged in roughly parallel pairs. The vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) is responsible for maintaining binocular fixation and stabilizing binocular foveal images during head movements. The VORs are divided into two types: angular and linear. Angular reflexes are initiated by activation of the semicircular canals. There are several kinds of test for semicircular canal function such as caloric test, rotation test, and pulse step sine test. Caloric testing remains the most useful laboratory test in determining the responsiveness of a labyrinth. It is one of the few tests that allow one labyrinth to be studied independently of the other. The stimulus can be applied relatively easily with techniques that are commonly available. Caloric testing relies on stimulating or cooling the vestibular system by alternately heating and cooling the external auditory canal with water or air. Rotational tests analyze the responses of both labyrinths together. They require a high-torque motor-driven chair and relatively advanced software to analyze the results. Rotatory chair testing is useful in assessing vestibular function in patients with suspected bilateral vestibular hypofunction and children. Step changes in head velocity can be used instead of sinusoidal rotations to identify vestibular hypofunction. Time constant are determined by the time after onset of the stimulus at which slow phase eye velocity has decreased by 67% of its initial value. The use of a novel “pulse-step-sine” (PSS) rotational stimulus can identify abnormal function of the horizontal semicircular canals in human subjects with unilateral and bilateral vestibular deficits.
채성원 대한평형의학회 2012 Research in Vestibular Science Vol.11 No.-
Vertigo is an illusion of rotation, which results from an imbalance within the
채성원,최건,최종상,송재준,정광윤,최종욱,Chae, Sung-Won,Choi, Geon,Choi, Jong-Sang,Song, Jae-Jun,Jung, Kwang-Yoon,Choi, Jong-Ouck 대한기관식도과학회 1998 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.4 No.2
There have been few large scale surveys of salivary gland tumors, because the salivary gland tumors comprised less than 3 percent of all neoplasms of the head and neck. Also there is a problem that the incidences of specific types of tumors have the variation according to the geographic regions. ]'nother Korean reports about salivary gland tumor, they only treated about 100 cases only. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to identify the frequency and clinical characteristics of salivary gland tumors and to compare with other Korean reports. Materials and Methods : We had performed to analyze 387 cases of salivary gland tumors from 1983 to June 1997, were reviewed in histopathological and clinical aspects. The diagnoses of individual tumors were based on the World Health Organization classification. Tumors were analyzed according to the histologic type site, age and sex. Results : The majority (79.1%) of cases occurred in the major salivary glands and 20.9% in the minor. The parotid gland was the most frequent site with 52.4% and submandibular glands with 26.3%. Benign tumors were 79.3% of the tumors and malignant tmon were 20.7%. The most frequent tumor was pleomorphic adenoma occupied 63.8% of the total and frequency percent of histologic type of 98 malignant tumors showed 35.7% of mucoepidermoid carcinomas, 24.5% of adenoid cystic carcinomas. Overall gender with female predominance with 1 : 1.4 of male to female ratio. The average age of patients was 42.8 years. The most frequent chief complaint was a palpable mass. The duration of the symptom was shorter in the malignant salivary gland tumors (26.7 months) than in the benign salivary gland tumors (38.2 months). Conclusion : Comparing to the previous Korean reports, the present study confirms that the incidence of salivary gland tumor was lower in the parotid gland, and was higher in the submandibular and minor salivary glands.