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선체부착생물 수중청소 배출수 내 부착조류 생사판별을 위한 ATP assay 방법 개발
차형곤,신경순,장민철,장풍국,최근형,현봉길 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2023 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.26 No.4
This study investigated the feasibility of applying the ATP assay method to quantify the luminescence (RLU) intensity based on cell density and size for the live/dead determination of attached microalgae (≥10 and <50 ㎛) discharged with antifouling biocide particles during the in-water cleaning process. Wastewater samples were obtained from an R/V and container vessel through the in-water cleaning process. Before the experiments, larger particulate debris was removed using a <5 ㎛ mesh before being sterilized. Tetraselmis suecica and the attached diatoms Navicula sp., Halamphora coffeaeformis, and Halamphora veneta were selected as test species. T suecica was inoculated into the wastewater sampled from the R/V vessel at final concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cells mL-1, while the diatom species were inoculated into the wastewater at final concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 500, and 1,000 cells mL-1. The RLU values, FDA+CMFDA staining, and cell volume analysis results were compared to determine RLU values based on cell size. Additionally, to understand the interference effect of in-water cleaning wastewater on RLU values, the diatom species were inoculated into the ambient water of the container vessel, and RLU values were measured. The RLU values of T. suecica and the diatom species exposed to the in-water cleaning wastewater showed a linear relationship with cell density gradient (R2 = 0.942–0.999, p<0.05). However, the wastewater was also seen to affect the luciferase reaction rate and RLU intensity (pooled variance t-test, p<0.05). This study is being conducted as alternative research because the fluorescence microscopy staining method is limited by the small size and aggregation of attached diatoms to the vessel’s hull. Our study results suggest that the ATP assay method can be applied to future research on the live/dead determination of attached diatoms in the in-water cleaning wastewater.
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Long-term Changes of Disinfection Byproducts in Treatment of Simulated Ballast Water
장풍국,차형곤 한국해양과학기술원 2020 Ocean science journal Vol.55 No.2
This study investigated the changes in concentrations of haloacetic acids (HAAs) and haloacetonitriles (HANs) as disinfection byproducts (DBPs) for different storage times (as long as 20 days) and temperatures (5 to 20°C). A ship’s voyage after treatment of its ballast water with active substances was considered. The HAA showed a clear trend of increasing concentration only with storage time, especially for dibromoacetic acid (DBAA). Dissolved organic nitrogen concentration was increased by the decomposition of dead organisms at 10 days, and then reacted with the remaining total residual oxidants, resulting in increased concentration of DBPs. An environmental risk assessment indicated that DBAN and monochloroacetic acid (MCAA) could have a negative impact on the marine environment. This study suggests that, because all international vessels must have a ballast water management system installed by September, 2024, the concentrations of DBPs, especially DBAN, MCAA, and DBAA, should be monitored in the waters at major international ports.
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남해동부해역의 표층 수괴 변화에 따른 환경요인과 식물플랑크톤 군집의 계절적 변화
장풍국,현봉길,차형곤,정한식,장민철,신경순 한국해양과학기술원 2013 Ocean and Polar Research Vol.35 No.2
We investigated the seasonal succession of phytoplankton assemblages in the eastern part of the South Sea of Korea in relation to surface water masses. The study areas are under the direct influence of the Tsushima Warm Current (TCW) throughout the whole year, with its strength known to be seasonally variable. The region is also influenced by coastal waters (CW) driven from the South Sea of Korea and East China Sea, particularly in summer, as indicated by low salinity in the surface water. Nutrient property of the TCW can reveals whether the origin of the TCW is the nutrient-rich Kuroshio Current or the oligotropic Taiwan Warm Current. Surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations displayed a large seasonal variation for all stations, with high values found in spring and autumn and low values in summer and winter. At station M (offshore) and P (intermediate location between M and R), Chl-a concentrations in October were higher than those in March, when spring bloom normally occurs. This may be related to deeper mixed layer depths in October. Diatoms dominated under conditions of high nutrient supply in which Chaetoceros spp. and Skeletonema costatum-like spp. were abundant. S. costatum-like spp. dominated at stations R (onshore station) and P in December when there was greater nutrient supply, especially of phosphate. Flagellates and dinoflagellates dominated at all three stations after diatoms blooms. Dominant species were Scrippsiella trochoid in April and Ceratium furca in October at station R, and Gyrodinium spp. and Gymnodinium spp. at station M during summer, when the effect of the oligotropic Taiwan Warm Current and the oligotropic coastal water from East China Sea were strong. Redundancy analysis showed clear seasonal successions in the phytoplankton community and environmental conditions, in which both principal components 1 and 2 accounted for 69.6% of total variance. Our results suggested that environmental conditions seemed to be determined by the origin of the TCW and the relative seasonal strength of the water masses of the TCW and CW, which may affect phytoplankton growth and compositions in the study area.
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권공웅,고봉현,차형곤 최신의학사 1971 最新醫學 Vol.14 No.10
목적:매년 여름철 호발하는 장 바이러스에 의한 무균성 뇌막염은 약 23-55%에서 복통 증상이 동반되는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 경과에 따라 자연 호전을 보이는 것으로 알려져 있다. 급성 비특이성 장간막 림프절염은 장 바이러스에 의하여 흔히 발생한다는 보고들에 착안하여, 무균성 뇌수막염 환자의 복통과 장간막 림프절염의 상관관계를 알아보고자 한다. 방법:2001년 6월부터 7월까지 대구가톨릭대학교병원 소아과를 방문하여 척수액 검사와 임상 경과 등을 통하여 무균성 뇌막염으로 진단된 환자에서 입원 당시 복부 초음파 검사를 시행한 30명을 대상으로 하였다. 초음파는 우측 대장 주변 림프절과 회결장 동맥을 따라 림프절이 분포되어 있는 우측 요부와 주 장간막 림프절과 상하 장간막 동맥을 따라 분포하는 제부에서 시행하였으며, 림프절이 5mm 이상의 크기로 3개 이상을 보이는 경우 장간막 림프절염 양성으로 진단하고 그 수를 헤아렸다. 대조군은 호흡기, 위장관계, 신경계 등에서 최근 1개월간 감염의 병력이 없는 대상 환아 연령군이 27례로 하였다. 결과:1) 대상 환자는 생후 3세-14세였으며 평균 9.1±3.3세였으며, 진단 당시까지의 기간은 3-9일로 평균 4.8±1.7일이었다. 2)열은 23례(76.7%), 구토 27(90.0%), 설사 6례(20.0%)에서 관찰되었다. 복통은 12(40.0%)에서 관찰되었다. 내원 당시 말초혈액 검사상 백혈구 수는 4,500-14,500/mm³이었으며 평균 7,996±2,701/mm³이었다. 3) 복부 초음파 검사상 장간막 림프절염이 28례(93.3%)에서 양성으로 관찰되었으며, 비후된 림프절의 수는 5-20개로 다양하였으며 평균 9.2±5.3개였다. 대조군에서 시행된 복부 초음파 검사상 림프절의 비후가 양성으로 판정되었던 경우는 2례(7.4%)이었다(P<0.05). 4)장간막 림프절염 환자의 42.9%에서 복통이 관찰되었으며, 57.1%에서는 복통이 관찰되지 않았고, 림프절염이 없는 2례는 복통이 관찰되지 않았다. 5)림프절염의 수는 진단까지의 기간, 열의 유무, 백혈구 수치와는 유의한 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았으며, 복통의 유뮤와도 유의한 상관관계가 관찰되지 않았다. 6)복통을 보인 환자들은 자연 경과와 함께 보존적 치료로 톡기할 합병증의 발현없이 전례에서 호전되었다. 결론:무균성 뇌수막염의 대부분에서 장간막 림프절염은 관찰되어 이는 복통의 원인으로 추정할 수 있었으며, 림프절염을 가지는 환자 군에서도 복통이 나타나지 않는 경우에 관하여는 향후 추가적인 임상적 관찰이 필요하리라 판단된다.
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