코로나19 대유행에 따른 특허권 면제 논쟁에 대한 윤리적 고찰: 레비나스의 책임윤리를 중심으로

진영진(Youngjin Jin) 한국생명윤리학회 2021 생명윤리 Vol.22 No.2

이 연구는 코로나19 대유행 극복을 위한 최고의 도덕적 가치로 연대를 외쳤던 국제사회가 지적재산권에 관련된 문제에 대해서는 쉽게 합의하기 어려운 이유가 무엇인가 하는 물음에서 시작되었다. 백신이 개발되었지만 현재 백신 공급과 수요의 불균형으로 인해 심각한 공중보건 위기에 처한 국가들이 있다. 따라서 백신민족주의 현상의 출현은 윤리적으로 비난받을 만하다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 백신의 공평한 분배뿐만 아니라 최대한 빠른 시간 안에 백신의 공급량을 늘리는 것도 관건이다. 이에 누구라도 백신을 생산할 수 있도록 일정 기간 특허권의 효력을 정지하자는 취지의 제안이 있는데, 이 제안에 반대하는 선진국들이 있다. 반대하는 주된 이유 중 하나는 특허권으로 인해 기대할 수 있는 기술혁신과 경제적인 이익을 포기할 수 없다는 것이다. 여기에서 특허권과 생명권의 충돌이 보인다. 본 논문은 지금과 같은 실존적 위기 상황에서는 코로나19 백신 특허권 면제에 관한 논의가 레비나스의 책임윤리를 바탕으로 이루어지는 것이 바람직하다고 주장한다. 선진국과 취약한 국가의 관계는 대등하지 않고 비대칭적이며, 전염성 질병은 우리가 타자를 염려하며 연대할 수 있을 때 극복해나갈 수 있기 때문이다. 또한 백신 특허권 논쟁과 코로나19의 위기 체험을 기반으로 의약품 접근성에 특허가 미치는 영향에 관해 윤리적 측면에서 다시 숙고하고, 나아가 특허제도의 패러다임 전환을 시도해야 한다. This study started with a question of why it is difficult for the international community, which has called for solidarity as the most important moral value for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic, to reach a consensus on intellectual property-related issues. Although vaccines have been developed, some countries are currently facing a serious public health crisis due to an imbalance between supply and demand of the vaccine. Therefore, the emergence of the phenomenon of vaccine nationalism is ethically reprehensible. To solve this problem, it is important not only to distribute the vaccine fairly but also to increase the supply of the vaccine as quickly as possible. A proposal to waive Covid-19 vaccine patent right has been raised that anyone could produce vaccines, however some developed countries are opposing this proposal. The core reason for their objection is that they cannot give up the technological innovation and economic benefits that can be expected from the patents. Here, we see a conflict between the right to patent and the right to life. It is desirable to discuss the suspension of COVID-19 vaccine patent rights based on Levinas" ethics of responsibility in the current existential crisis. This is because the positions between developed countries and vulnerable countries are not equal and asymmetrical, and infectious diseases can be stopped and prevented from spreading when we care for each other and are in solidarity. In addition, based on the vaccine patent debates and experiences of COVID-19 crisis, it is necessary to reconsider the impact of patents on drug accessibility from an ethical point of view, and further try to shift the paradigm of patent system.

실리콘 광도파로, 미소거울 및 접촉식 정전구동기가 집적된 광스위치

陳令鉉(Young-Hyun Jin),徐敬宣(Kyoung-Sun Seo),曺永昊(Young-Ho Cho),李相信(Sang-Shin Lee),宋基彰(Ki-Chang Song),夫鍾郁(Jong-Uk Bu) 대한전기학회 2001 전기학회논문지C Vol.50 No.12

빈곤선 측정방식에 대한 비교 연구

문진영(Moon, Jin-Young) 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 2015 비판사회정책 Vol.- No.46

국민기초생활보장법이 제정된 1999년부터 최저생계비에 대한 논란이 끊이지 않고 있다. ‘빈곤’과 ‘공공부조제도’에 대해서 다양한 입장을 가진 사람들이 최저생계비의 개념과 기능 그리고 수준에 대해서 다르게 규정하고 있다. 우리 사회의 보수진영 사람들은 국민기초생활보장제도가 근로능력이 있는 수급자들에게도 지나치게 높은 최저생계의 수준을 보장함으로써 근로의욕을 감퇴시켜서 빈곤의 덫에 빠지게 한다고 공격하고 있다. 한편으로 진보 진영에서는 현재 최저생계비의 수준이 헌법에서 규정한 인간다운 생활을 영위하기에 턱없이 낮기 때문에 대폭적으로 상향조정할 것을 주장하고 있다. 같은 빈곤이라는 현상과 최저생계비의 수준을 놓고서 이념에 따라서 전혀 상반된 해석을 하는 것이다. 하지만 이러한 의견 차이가 한 단계 높은 빈곤논쟁으로 발전하지 않은 채, 이념적 공세 수준에 머무르고 있다. 한국 사회가 복지국가를 지향한다면 빈곤에 대한 논쟁을 비켜갈 수 없다. 최저생계의 보장이 복지국가의 도덕적 토대라면, 최저생계비는 바로 복지국가의 문을 여는 열쇠라고 할 수 있기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에서, 본 논문은 빈곤선을 측정하는 대표적인 5가지 측정방식(정책빈곤선, 가계표준예산 빈곤선, 통계적 빈곤선, 주관적 빈곤선, 박탈지표 빈곤선)을 설명하고, 각 측정방식을 과학성, 자의성, 측정편의성, 제도정합성, 발전가능성이라는 기준으로 비교할 목적을 가지고 작성되었다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 다음 장에서는 빈곤선과 최저생계비의 개념에 대해서 살펴보고, 이어서 제3장에서는 빈곤선 측정의 역사를 설명하고자 한다. 본 논문의 본문에 해당하는 제4장에서는 위에서 언급한 5가지의 빈곤선 측정방식의 성격을 비교하여 평가하고자 한다. 이러한 작업을 통해서 빈곤선의 성격에 대한 이해가 증진될 것으로 기대하고 있다. It is widely accepted that Korean society entered the era of social rights with the enactment of the National Basic Livelihood Security Act(1999) which guarantees the minimum living standards for all, irrespective of their age, sex, and working ability. At the heart of social rights lies the minimum cost of living (poverty line) in that it works as the eligibility criteria and, at the same time, it provides with the guideline for benefits as well. In other words, it is the key to open the gate of the welfare state. Thus, it is not surprising that there has been fierce debate on the amount of the minimum cost of living between market liberals and progressive commentators since its enactment of 1999. It should be noted, however, the debate was mired in exhaustive ideological brawls. It has not yet developed to productive debate with a solid theoretical foundation. It is in this regard that this paper purports, first of all, to explain five different measurements of poverty line (administrative lines, budget standards, statistical lines, subjective lines, and deprivation indicator, and secondly, to compare and evaluate them into five perspectives (scientific validity, non-arbitrariness, convenience to measure, conformity to program, and prospect to develop). For this purpose, the chapter 2 explains the concept of poverty line and the minimum cost of living stipulated in the Act and, consequently the chapter 3 deals with the history of poverty studies since the monumental social research of S. Rowntree in 1899. The chapter four compares and evaluates the five measurements of poverty line. This study hopefully contributes to deepen our understandings of the nature of poverty in modern capitalist society.

연속적 강소성 가공을 위한 스프링 가압형 ECAP 설계

진영관(Y. G. Jin),전병철(B. C. Jeon),임용택(Y. T. Im) 한국소성가공학회 2010 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

Severe plastic deformation processing by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) has attracted noticeable attention because it is an effective technique to produce the ultrafine-grained materials with enhanced mechanical properties. In the present study, split dies combined with the principle of spring-loaded preform process were newly proposed to provide a solution for the inefficiency of ECAP process. The designed and constructed spring-loaded ECAP set-up was used to make the continuous process feasible. Experiments for a single pass of ECAP were carried out to process aluminum alloy AA6061 by using the multi-stage former at room temperature. Vickers microhardness test was applied to investigate strength increase in the specimen deformed by ECAP. The spring-loaded ECAP proposed might be beneficial in commercializing a continuous application of ECAP to produce a high strength part in industry.

리스크 정보를 활용한 배관 가동중검사 적용

진영복,진석홍,문용식,Jin, Young Bok,Jin, Seuk Hong,Moon, Yong Sig 한국압력기기공학회 2011 한국압력기기공학회 논문집 Vol.7 No.4

Pressurized Water Reactor Owners Group(PWROG) proposed and applied a risk-informed inservice inspection(RI-ISI) program to alternate existing ASME Section XI periodic inspections. The RI-ISI programs enhance overall safety by focusing inspections of piping at high safety significant(HSS) and locations where failure mechanisms are likely to be present, and by improving the effectiveness on inspection of components because the examination methods are based on the postulated failure mode and the configuration of the piping structural element. The RI-ISI programs can reduce NDE, man-rem exposure, costs of engineering analysis, outage duration and chance of complicating plant operations etc. RI-ISI methods of piping inservice inspection were applied on 3 units(KSNP : Korea Standard Nuclear Power Plant) and are scheduled to apply on the other units. In this paper, we compared and showed the results of the 2 units and we concluded that the RI-ISI application could enhance and maintain plant safety and give unquantifiable benefits.

최절격자가 집적된 일회용 다중채널 SPR 생체분자 검출 칩

陳令鉉(Young-Hyun Jin),曺永昊(Young-He Cho) 대한전기학회 2009 전기학회논문지 Vol.58 No.1

This paper presents a grating-integrated SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) sensor chip for simple and inexpensive biomolecule detection. The grating-integrated SPR sensor chip has two sensing channels having a nano grating for SPR coupling. An external mirror is used for multi-channel SPR sensing. The present sensor chip replaces bulky and expensive optical components, such as fiber-optic switches or special shaped prisms, resulting in a simple and inexpensive wavelength modulated multi-channel SPR sensing system. We fabricate a SPR sensor chip integrated with 835 rim-pitch gratings by a micromolding technique to reduce the fabrication cost. In the experimental characterization, the refractive index sensitivity of each sensing channel is measured as 321.8±8.1㎚/RI and 514.3±8.1㎚/RI, respectively. 0.5μM of the target biomolecule (streptavidin) was detected by a 1.13±0.16㎚ shift of the SPR dip in the 10%-biotinylated sample channel, while the SPR dip in the reference channel for environmental perturbation monitoring remained at the same position. From the experimental results, multi-channel biomolecule detection capability of the present grating-integrated SPR sensor chip has been verified. On the basis of the preliminary experiments, we successfully measured the binding reaction rate for the 2 nM ~ 200 nM monoclonal-antibiotin, thus verifying biomolecule concentration detectability of the present SPR sensor chip. The binding reaction rates measured from the present SPR sensor chip agredd well with those from a commercialized SPR sensor.

몸챙김 기반 통합예술치료 프로그램이 느린학습자의 심리적 안녕감과 자아 탄력성에 미치는 효과

진영아 ( Youngah Jin ),박은화 ( Eunhwa Park ) 한국무용과학회 2024 한국무용과학회지 Vol.41 No.2

This study sought to investigate the effects of an integrated art therapy program focusing on emotional regulation and resource strengthening through bodily awareness on the psychological well-being and ego resilience of slow learners. The purposive sampling method was used to select research subjects, recruiting 12 male and female slow learner adolescents aged 13 to 18 through the local slow learner community, and conducting a total of 12 sessions, 90 minutes per session, for 6 weeks. During this period, an integrated art therapy program was applied. The research procedure was to develop and implement a program based on Sussman's (2001) program development model, and the measurement tools were the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PBS) and the Resilience Quotient Test (RQT). It was designed as a single group pre-post test comparative study and statistical analysis to verify the program effect was performed paired sample t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed(p<.05). The results of the study showed that integrated art therapy had a positive effect on the psychological well-being (p<.01) and ego resilience (p<.001) of slow learner adolescents. This study has confirmed that an integrated art therapy program that utilizes art media as communication, immerses oneself in experience, and physically utilizes transformative experiences as a creative art process to look into one's inner self promotes psychological well-being and ego resilience. Therefore, it is meaningful that integrated art therapy based on body mindfulness can be used in follow-up research by presenting data as an approach and methodology to improve the emotional withdrawal that appears due to the accumulation of unstable emotional experiences in slow learners' interpersonal relationships.

잿방어, Seriola dumerili 피부계의 전자현미경적 구조

진영국 ( Young Guk Jin ),이재우 ( Jae Woo Lee ),이정식 ( Jung Sick Lee ) 한국어류학회 2005 한국어류학회지 Vol.17 No.4

음식 축제 시스템 구성 요인이 방문객 평가 및 재방문 의도에 미치는 영향

진영재(Young Jae Jin) 한국조리학회 2009 한국조리학회지 Vol.15 No.2

고등어(Scomber japonicus) 피부계의 미세구조 및 조직화학

진영국 ( Young Guk Jin ),이정식 ( Jung Sick Lee ) 한국어류학회 2005 한국어류학회지 Vol.17 No.2