遭遇 把字句에 관한 소고

조경환 ( Cho¸ Kyunghwan ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.73

In this paper, we examined how non-disposal Zaoyu ba construction differs from Disposal ba construction and how it was derived. Existing research have mentioned that Zaoyu ba construction has a stronger subjectivity than the so-called type jia(甲) and type yi(乙), but it did not clearly explain how it was derived from it. Li Yushen(2016) also presented a more detailed explanation based on Langacker(1987)'s initial model of subjectification, but there were also some problems and further examined that Bageju is a more subjective phrase among Zaoyu ba construction due to the attribution function of the character ‘ge’. In addition, this paper also examined zhishi (causative) ba construction which is closely related to Zaoyu ba construction. The weakening of control and responsibility of the agent subject went through a transitional period such as separation and deletion of the subject itself in Ba construction. The cause appears, and the meaning of the object changes accordingly. The verb also undergoes not only a change of valency but also a change of case. In short, the syntactic and semantic changes of subject, ba-NP, and verb in the subjectifiication process lead to a shift from disposal ba construction to non-disposal ba construction, which in fact means that the voice and case system of this construction has been changed.

‘호(好)+V’ 구문에 관한 소고 ― ‘호(好)+V’ 구문과 ‘기래(起来)’ 구문의 대칭과 비대칭

曺京煥 ( Cho Kyunghwan ) 중국어문연구회 2020 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.101

In this paper, we investigated the status of the ‘Hao+V’ construction. Firstly, we reviewed at the differences between Tough construction and Middle construction, and also looked at the differences between ‘Hao+V’ construction and ‘Rongyi/Nan’ construction. In previous studies, ‘Hao+V’ construction and ‘Rongyi/Nan’ construction were identified and treated differently from middle construction. However, in this paper ‘Hao+V’ construction is different from ‘Rongyi/Nan’ construction, the former is more Middle Construction and the latter is more Tough Construction. In addition, ‘Hao+V’ construction itself was divided into Non-Middle concstruction and Middle construction which was also seen in ‘Qilai’ construction. The formation process creates an asymmetrical relationship between ‘Hao+V’ construction and ‘Qilai’ construction. the former has been changed from Middle to Non-Middle, whereas ‘Qilai’ Construction has been changed from Non-Middle to Middle. Although ‘Qilai’ Construction is the most frequently mentioned in discussing Chinese middle construction today, from a view of historical process, it is highly likely that ‘Hao+V’ construction has influenced ‘Qilai’ Construction. In addition, we hope we will be able to better understand the characteristics of Chinese middle construction through research on the other related constructions.

파개구(把個句)에 관한 소고

조경환 ( Cho Kyunghwan ) 중국어문연구회 2017 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.82

Ba construction is one of the famous and unique construction in Chinese and most of Ba construction has disposal meaning. However, there also existed non prototypical Ba construction which has non-disposal meaning. Non-disposal Ba construction also is divided into two parts: `Zaoyu (unexpected)` and `Zhishi(causative)`. This article focused on Bage construction which is unique of Zaoyu construction. First we looked at the overall features of Zaoyu and Bage construction and even though bage construction is one of the Zaoyu construction but it has its own unique meaning which is enhancement of property. In sequence we investigated that how Bage construction in modern times, such as Jinghuayuan, Hongloumeng, Wenmingxiaoshi, Laocanyouji, etc. Through this investigation we learned that there is a close relationship and sometimes it is difficult to distinguish. Zaoyu and Zhishi. Finally, We found the difference between `ge` and other classifiers and the biggest difference between them is that `ge` can be used as manner and degree complement behind the verb. In addition, the roles of various causes such as `loss of control` of subject, the demotion of subject, and weaken of transitivity and so on.

‘비건’이슈 변화에 관한 연구 - 온라인 게시글 텍스트 분석을 적용하여 -

조경환(Cho, Kyunghwan),안병호(Ahn, Byungho),신재호(Shin, Jaeho),송유진(Song, Eugene) 한국생활과학회 2023 한국생활과학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.5

파자구(把字句)와 (역-)피동태에 관한 소고 ― 문법태의 각도에서 바라본 파자구(把字句)

조경환 ( Cho Kyunghwan ) 한국중국언어학회 2020 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.87

In this paper, we investigated Ba-construction, anti-passive voice and passive voice. Although Yeh & Pan(2012) were meaningful in that they provided new perspectives on Ba-construction, there were problems to reconsider. Yeh & Pan regarded Ba-construction as a kind of anti-passive construction and said it was de-transitivized, but Ba-NP was not demoted, which was originally placed before verb and that construction is still a high-transitive construction. They also said that there are some cases where Ba-NP are indefinite, but in this case Ba-NP still has definite meanings with the help of other factors, such as main verb and context. In addition, in some cases of ‘BageNP’ the ‘ge’ played a role in highlighting quality or attribute rather than the function of indicating definite and indefinite The decisive reason for not seeing Ba construction as an anti-passive construction lies in the fact that the demoted object of an anti-passive construction can be deleted, while the Ba-NP must never be deleted in any case. Meanwhile, Ba-construction and Bei-construction had many things in common and have been discussed together by many scholars. However there are also many differences between two constructions, because the operating mechanism itself is different. Therefore, we thought Ba-construction is still a kind of active voice construction, some non-disposal examples are directly related to causative voice(zhishi), and anti-passive and passive voice are only indirectly related with this construction. In particular, anti-passive voice can be said that it is almost opposite from Ba-construction.

A Chinese Manual에 관한 소고 ― 19세기 말 20세기 초 서양 중국학자의 문법서에 관한 소고

조경환 ( Cho Kyunghwan ) 고려대학교 중국학연구소 2021 中國學論叢 Vol.- No.71

In this paper, we looked at the A Chinese Manual(1904), which occupies an important position among Chinese-related grammar books published during this period. A Chinese Manual can be said to be a transitional grammar book in that it attempted to escape the existing framework while reflecting some of the research results of Western missionaries’ grammar books in the modern period. The basic formation of this book is also different from the existing Western missionaries’ grammar books in that it has both a grammar textbook and a conversation textbook. The part-of-speech system or case system of the A Chinese Manual was analyzed with a little more emphasis on Chinese, not the Latin system, and various types of Causative constructions, Passive constructions, and Ba construction were suggested. The nature of these constructions and the characteristics of the grammar form could be figured out. Regarding the time system of Chinese, the A Chinese Manual adopted the three tense theory instead of the five tense theory based on the Latin system. From this, we can see that these le·zhe·guo are grammaticalized in the order of ‘verb - phase complement - aspect marker’, which is not much different from today’s perspective. In short, if the modern times was a period when missionaries were the main axis and completed the Chinese grammar system, the early 20th century was a period of research and explanation in more diverse ways, focusing on the Chinese language itself and it was reflected in the A Chinese Manual.

중간문과 조우(遭遇) 파자구(把字句) ― 중간태와 태 전환 현상에 관한 소고

조경환 ( Cho Kyunghwan ) 중국어문연구회 2018 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.86

In this paper, we investigated middle construction and encounter baconstruction. The middle construction is the construction of the voice in the middle between passive voice and active voice, while encounter ba-construction is the construction in the middle stage between the disposal(active) and the causative(zhishi). First of all, when we look at the commonality between the two constructions, the agent is implied and not remarkable, so that these construction has the meaning of ‘unexpectedness’. This is related to the background or deletion of the agent, and thus the change of the transitive verb (from two valency to one valency) is also common. Next, the deletion of subject is also similar. Especially, in case of the middle construction in Chinese, unlike English, subject can be frequently omitted. Despite these commonalities, there is also a clear distinction between these two constructions. First, the subject of the middle construction is responsible for the occurrence of the event, while the subject of encounter ba-construction is often omitted, or even if it is, only serves as a position reference point for the Ba-NP. Second, the agent of the middle construction is implied and generic, but in the encounter ba-construction it is completely omitted. Third, aspect markers don’t appear in the middle construction, while these aspect markers, especially ‘le’ appears frequently in encounter ba-contruction.

‘기래(起來)’ 중간문에 관한 소고

조경환 ( Cho Kyunghwan ) 중국어문연구회 2019 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.94

In this paper, we investigated ‘Qilai’ middle construction in Chinese. First, the ‘Qilai’ construction can be divided into direction, completion, inchoative aspect and evaluation meaning, and the evaluation can be divided into three subtypes - A type, B type, C type again. From several tests we knew that only B type and C type was considered as middle construction. Therefore, when we discuss the middle construction, we should exclude type A. Second, we mainly focused on ‘Qilai’ and emphasized its function as an detransitive element in most cases and transitive element in a few cases which are intransitive events. It can be said that ‘Qilai’ also went through ‘subjectification’. It is reflected in the deletion of the agent, however ‘Qilai’ construction did not change to the extent that it showed unexpectedness unlike ‘Se’ in Spanish. ‘Qilai’ also leads construction to the virtual and the structured world, acting as a generic term. Because the ‘Qilai’ middle construction is generic and non-eventive, this can’t co-occur with aspect marker such as ‘le’, ‘zhe’, ‘guo’ and specific time words. In short, the ‘Qilai’ middle construction also has a intermediate position in many ways, such as grammatical voice, transitivity, subjectivity.

무인자율주행차량의 최적 경로 계획 연구

우훈제(HoonJe Woo),박상배(SangBae Park),조경환(KyungHwan Cho),김병우,JungHa Kim 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.4

This paper introduces an optimal local and global path planning algorithm through analyzing and researching various algorithms used in DARPA Urban Challenge 2007 and making a numerical statement about each algorithm. The top eleven teams that passed the NQE (National Qualifying Event) used Dijkstra, A<SUP>*</SUP>, D<SUP>*</SUP> and RRTs. Therefore, this research will focus on those algorithms and research a method to apply an optimal path planning algorithm.

건물 바닥구조 해석모델의 Correlation & Updating

정민기(Min-Ki Jeong),임지훈(Ji-Hoon Lim),조경환(KyungHwan Cho),이상엽(Sang-Yeop Lee) 한국소음진동공학회 2010 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.4