求那跋陀羅譯 『雜阿含經』에 보이는 번역상의 문제점 - 大空法經을 일례로

정진일(Chung Jin-Il) 불교학연구회 2007 불교학연구 Vol.18 No.-

  For the purpose of identifying and understanding Buddhist Sanskrit texts, especially those which are preserved only in a fragmentary state, the importance of the Chinese parallels cannot be emphasized strongly enough (in this context cf. Enomoto 2004). However, even with a perfect understanding of the Chinese language, the Chinese versions can be very unclear and ambiguous in their content and meanings. The Za ­ahanjing, a Chinese translation of the Sa?yukt?gama by Gu?abhadra, is no exception. This article intends to highlight some of the problematic features and inconsistencies of the Za ­ahanjing, through investigation of a s?tra by the name of Mah???nyat?­dharmapary?ya. In addition, this article will suggest some possible solutions in response to the mentioned problems. Readers can find a juxtaposition of the Chinese and Sanskrit versions of the Mah???nyat? dharmapary?ya with the P?li parallel, as included in the appendix.

특집 : 범어 원전의 개발과 읽기 ; 한역 중아함경 상당 산스크리트 사본 잔엽들 -조사 현황과 전망-

정진일 ( Jin Il Chung ) 인도철학회 2010 印度哲學 Vol.0 No.30

산스크리트본 아함경의 연구는 여러 가지 의미에서 새로운 국면을 맞이하고 있다. 중앙아시아에서 출토된 사본 단편들에 입각한 설일체유부의 아함 전적류의 연구성과가 꾸준히 증대되고 있는 한편, 최근에 들어 길기트 지역에서 발견된 아함경사본 단편들은 율전과 설화문학을 통해서 밖에 엿볼 수 없던 소위 근본설일체유부의 산스크리트본 아함 전적과의 상관관계를 일차적 자료에 입각하여 보다 구체적으로 해명함과 동시에 종래에 설일체유부의 전적으로 간주되는 한역 중아함경과의 관계를 새로운 각도에서 조명해 볼 필요가 있음을 시사하고 있다. 저자는 현재 추진중인 중아함경 관계 산스크리트 자료의 조사를 통하여 한역 중아함경과의 관계의 구체적인 제시를 시도하고 있다. 그 일환으로 설일체유부의 산스크리트본 중아함경사본 단편들은 물론 한역 중아함경에 포함된 경들에 병행하는 단경류의 사본 단편들, 율장과 설화문학 그리고 아비달마 내지는 유가론 관계 전적중의 인용구절 그리고 설일체유부 전적일반에 보이는 정형구와 법수 등등을 체계적으로 조사하여 망라하고 있다. The relationship between the so-called Sarvastivada and Mulasarvastivada traditions remains one of the most intricate topics of Buddhist studies on which source materials seem to reveal little reliable information. In particular, as far as the school affiliation of the Zhong ahanjing, i.e. the Chinese Madhyamagama and its relationship to other texts are con-cerned, the problem seems to be more complex and may require a thorough study from different points of view. Our forthcoming survey of Sanskrit fragments corresponding to the Chinese Madhyamagama gives a brief outline of previous and current research on this topic and on other relevant topics. The primary purpose of this survey is, however, to provide an overview of the Sanskrit material that has been identified as belonging to, or as being an equivalent of, a sutra of the Zhong-ahanjing. References of Sanskrit parallels, citations, numerical categories of doctrinal concepts, and stock phrases will also be included. In doing so, the authors seek to lay a more solid material basis for future editions and comparative studies.

투고 논문 : 아함(阿含) 경전(經典)에 보이는 부파(部派) 소속(所屬)의 판단 기준으로서의 률적(律的) 요소: 륙쟁본(六諍本)을 일례(一例)로

정진일 ( Jin Il Chung ) 인도철학회 2012 印度哲學 Vol.0 No.34

동투르키스탄에서 발견된 아함 전적을 전승한 불교인들은 十誦律보다는 오히려 根本說一切有部律과 유사한 율장을 계승하였을 가능성이 있다. 그 율장 또한 같은 지역에서 출토된 아함 전적에 보이는 용어상의 특징을 포함하고 있었을 가능성이 없지 않다. 이처럼 두 종류의 율장이 동투르키스탄에 존재하였음이 입증된 이상 동투르키스탄 출토의 아함 전적과 十誦律을 포함한 소위 說一切有部律 사이의 관계는 재고할 필요가 있다. 十誦律에 포함된 아함 구절이 동투르키스탄에서 발견된 아함 전적과 공통된 근원을 시사하지 않을 뿐 아니라, 후자에 포함된 소수의 율적 요소들도 十誦律과 같은 부파에서 유래한다고 하는 추측을 확증하는 것 같지는 않다. 동투르키스탄 출토의 아함 전적과 소위 說一切有部律이 같은 부파에 속한다고 보는 것은 아직 확정하기 곤란한 상정이다. 논자는 여기서 衆集經 중의 六諍本에 관한 구절의 산스크리트본을 새로 복원하여 이를 滅諍事(Adhikaranavastu) 중의 해당 부분과 倂置함으로써 이 문제의 해결에 기여하고자 한다. Discussions on the Sarvastivada and Mulasarvastivada works have often focused on the differences in diction between the Sanskrit versions of the Agama texts, namely those from Eastern Turkestan and those from Gilgit. Thereby the general consensus of opinion seems to have been that the Sanskrit Vinaya texts from Eastern Turkestan, which show congruency with the Shisong-lu, derive from the same Buddhist school as the Agama texts found in the same region. The Agama texts from Eastern Turkestan and those contained in the so-called Mulasarvastivada Vinaya from Gilgit are, apart from differences in diction, by and large congruent, whereas the Vinaya texts differ from each other considerably. This circumstance has led scholars to assume that the two Buddhist schools possessed their own Vinaya traditions, but shared an Agama tradition. The Za-ahanjing, i.e. the Chinese Samyuktagama, supposedly derives from the same tradition as the so-called Mulasarvastivada Vinaya. This assumption is also supported through a comparative study of the former with the Vinaya texts of different traditions. And so we may safely infer that the Buddhists who passed down the Za-ahanjing were very closely related to, or were the same as, those who passed down the Mulasarvastivada Vinaya. On the other hand, a comparison of the sutras preserved in the Shisong-lu with those in the Za-ahanijing and the Sanskrit parallels from Eastern Turkestan as well as Gilgit seems to suggest that the Shisong-lu derives from a textual tradition different from that of the other three. This view is corroborated through further passages in the Mahaparinirvada-sutra of the Dirghagama containing the story of the ``Cremation of Buddha``s Body and Distribution of the Relics``. The story in the Eastern Turkestan version of the Mahaparinirvada-sutra finds parallels in the Mulasarvastivada Vinaya as well as in the Shisong-lu, and is congruent with that preserved in the Mulasarvastivada Vinaya, but shows considerable differences from the Shisong-lu version. The congruency between the Sanskrit Agama texts from Eastern Turkestan and the Mulasarvastivada Vinaya does not seem to have been confined to the Agama citations, or to the narrative portions. In the Sangiti-sutra reconstructed on the basis of Sanskrit fragments from Eastern Turkestan there are passages on the six roots of contention(Skt. sad vivadamulani). These passages show a striking similarity to the corresponding portion in the Adhikaranavastu from Gilgit, a degree of similarity which cannot be observed between the Shisong-lu and the so-called Mulasarvastivada Vinaya. From this point of view, it is tempting to assume that the Buddhists who passed down the Agama tradition found in Eastern Turkestan possessed a Vinaya corpus which rather looked like the Vinaya from Gilgit than the Shisong-lu, possibly with specific features in diction corresponding to those of the Agama texts. Seeing that the existence of both Vinaya traditions has been proven in Eastern Turkestan, admittedly in unequal frequencies for whatever reason, a reconsideration of the relationship between the Agama texts from Eastern Turkestan and the so-called Sarvastivada Vinaya tradition including the Shisong-lu, appears to be indispensible.

OFDM 시스템에 적합한 Serial Pipeline 방식의 SRFFT 설계

정진일(Jin-il Chung),임재형(Jae-hyung Lim),조용범(Yong-beom Cho) 대한전자공학회 2002 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2002 No.6

세라믹 캔들 필터 집진장치 실험용 Ash 입도 분석

정진도(Jin Do Chung),김승태(Seung Tae Kim),정현일(Hyun Il Jeong),김종영(Chong Young Kim) 대한환경공학회 1996 대한환경공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1996 No.12

매립형 SRC 기둥재의 변형성능에 대한 축력의 영향

정진안,양일승,최성모,Chung, Jin-An,Yang, Il-Seung,Choi, Sung-Mo 한국강구조학회 2003 韓國鋼構造學會 論文集 Vol.15 No.3

본 논문은 매립형 SRC기둥의 축력과 변형능력과의 관계를 찾아내기 위하여 해석적인 연구를 수행하였다. 해석 모델은 캔틸레버기둥으로 한정하였으며 SRC 기둥의 비탄성 거동에 영향을 미치는 변수들인 철골비, 매립철골형상과 전단스팬과 춤과의 비에 대하여 검토하였다. 일정회전각하에 축력과 반복수평력을 받는 SRC기둥의 안정적 거동을 보장하기 위한 최대한계축력이 있다는 것을 해석결과들은 보여 주고 있다. 반복 횡하중을 받는 기둥이 저항할 수 있는 최대축력은 소요회전각을 보장하는 안정한계축력으로서 정의된다. 해석결과에 따르면 안정한 계축력비는 강재의 강도가 증가함에 따라 콘크리트의 강도가 감소함에 따라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 I형 단면이 매립형 철골로 사용될때 철골 단면적이 증가함에 따라 안정한계 축력비는 증가하며, 십자형 단면이 사용되는 경우에는 단면적에 의한 영향이 거의 없었다. In this paper, an analytical approach hwas been conductsed to clarify the relationships between the axial force and the deformation capacity of steel- encased reinforced- concrete beam-columns. The analytical model was defined as a cantilever. Several parameters influencing the inelastic performance of the beam-columns were selected, as follows: including encased steel area ratios, and sectional shapes of the encased steel, material strengths, and shear-span- to-depth ratios. The Analytical results of the analysis showed that the axial force had to have a maximum limit to ensure the stable behavior of a steel- encased reinforced- concrete beam-column when it was subjected to both axial and repeated lateral loading under a constant rotation angle amplitude. The maximum axial force of the beam-column to be resisted under cyclic lateral loading was defined as the stable-limit axial force to ensure the required rotation angle amplitude. The Analytical results of the analysis indicate that the stable-limit axial load ratio increases as the steel strength increases or as the compressive strength of the concrete decreases. The stable-limit axial load ratio decreases as the encased steel ' s sectional area increases in the case of a 1-shaped sections and it is almost not influenced by the steel sectional area in the case of a cross-shaped section.

안도 타다오 건축의 現象學的 表現方法에 관한 연구

정진원(Chung Jin-Won),소병일(So Byung-Il) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.10

The core of space perception in 'La phenomenologie de la perception' written by Maurice Merleau-Ponty is that in modern architecture mechanical and passive to space experience, phenomenological elements such as up/down, depth, time, exercise, place, etc rather than body itself are newly recognized in overall consideration of physical responses. This means that our body can also experience our surrounding space at one with space beyond one object. In this context, modern architect Tadao Ando induced people to experience space through architectural languages such as undefined crack area, conscious contact, abstract nature, etc. Such architectural languages are materialized in combination of space elements such as light, water, nature, wall, materials and property of matter, slope and staircase, and one architectural space is formed through interaction of accidental events between each element of building and human movement. Although it is invisible, phenomenological characteristics shown through human body can be applied in the same way to the architectural space. Therefore, you will be able to newly recognize space concept if you study on architectural space with phenomenological characteristics manifested.

주물형 베이스 플레이드를 사용한 합성강관 기둥 노출형 주각의 탄소성 휨거동

정진안(Chung Jin-An),양일승(Yang Il-Seung),최성모(Choi Sung-Mo) 대한건축학회 2003 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.19 No.2

This paper deals with the experimental work with the objective to gain a better understanding of the elasto-plastic behavior of steel-concrete composite column bases under seismic loading. Seven specimens were tested to investigate structural behavior of steel-concrete composite column bases. The specimen consisted of concrete filled steel tube (CFT) column (or steel tube column), reinforced concrete footing beam, high base unit of cast steel and 4 high strength anchor bolts. The following main influential elements were taken into consideration: axial load level and type of column (CFT or empty steel tube, rectangular section or circular section). Specimens were subjected to cyclic seismic lateral loading at the column tops under constant axial load. The cyclic lateral load was applied according to a predetermined sequence of rotation angle cycles of column base. Experimental results verified that the rotation stiffness and flexural strength of CFT column base calculated according to the formulas given by this paper were in coincidence with the test results in cases of lower axial load without reference to the type of column. For the specimens under higher axial load, formulas underestimated their rotation stiffness and flexural strength. The comparison indicates that several modifications should be taken into consideration in column base design formulas of steel structure in order to make effective use of these formulas in CFT column base design, especially for column bases under higher axial load. It is made clear that ultimate flexural strength of this kind column base can be evaluated by ultimate strength with the coefficient of bearing stress of concrete taken into account.

바이오가스의 발생원별 성상분석 및 연료전지 적용을 위한 전기적 특성 연구

정진도(Jin-Do Chung),김장우(Jang-Woo Kim),구경완(Kyung-Wan Koo),김일중(Il-Jung Kim),함기용(Ki-Yong Ham),서문준(Jun Seo Mun) 대한전기학회 2011 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.4-1

현대 성당 공간 구성 요소의 현상학적 표현 방법에 관한 연구

정진원(Chung, Jin-Won),소병일(So, Byung-Il) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.11

Since churches are a spiritual meeting place between people and God, church architecture requires elements that can bring out admiration for the almighty or religious feelings. Humans experience through what they see with eyes, which act as a bridge of imagination, and can even believe they have experienced what actually does not exist. Thus, people use senses based on vision to perceive, analyze, and understand the stimulations from objects and the world. Particularly, in experiencing the space in architecture, it requires perception that combines body senses and its interaction with the space in order to understand hidden meaning of the space. A philosophical explanation namely phenomenology is needed in order to explain such mechanism, because a church is not simply a building but a religious architecture that should bring out admiration and religious sentiment for the Supreme Being. Therefore, it requires many symbols and spatial devices to lead people to God. This study, hence, examines the phenomenological concept of space of Merleau Ponty, which emphasizes experience through body perception, and perception methods in order to explain the phenomenological expressions of modern churches and their relation to architecture styles, and the results are as follows: Spatial perception, Memory and empirical perception, Transformative perception and Synesthetic perception. The phenomenological expressions illustrated by spatial composition factor of architecture (water feature, wall, column, window, skylight, surrounding, belfry with cross, stairs, ramp, and bridge, etc.) are perceived by the four senses mentioned above. These allow forming proper church architecture space where God, people, and nature become integrated, as well as ‘religious richness’ through the believers’ ‘active participation.’