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임지환 부산경남사학회 2019 역사와 경계 Vol.112 No.-
The Chinese traditional banks, Chienchuang, could, keeping abrest with the modern banks, such as foreing banks and Chinese commercial banks, countinue to develop with double standard monetary system in Tianjin financial market in 1920-30s. In the early 1930s, with monetary reform which drove Eunliang, monetary unit that had been used to enter the sum only in account, out of the monetary market, the Chinese traditional bank faced the very serious banking crisis. As a result, the Chinese traditional banks lost the financial advantage that made it possible for them to make enormous profits in the prosses of exchanging the currency and of depositing and withdrawing money in the Chinese traditional bank. But, Chinese traditional banks could keep being prosperous lime in 1920s. Itis main causes can be summarized as follows: first of all, after the morth eastern area of China was occupied by Japanese troops, lots of Chinese capitalists began to move to Tianjin to avoid the political insurity and social unrest. Tianjin was the safest area for them to do business because the preferencial area of foreing powers was set up there. Lots of Chinese traditional banks began to be set up in the financial market to supply the commercial and industrial funds to the capitialists from each privinces in expanding their business without difficulties. Second, the deomestic trade between Tianjin and the local cities in north China countinued to grow with rapid industrial development of Tianjin, The capitalists who moved to Tianjin from local areas in north China began to establish the Chinese traditional banks in order for their same mative businessmen to do business in Tianjin without hitch, which contributed to increasing the number of Chinese traditional banks in Tianjin financial markte. In 1920-30s, lots of financial factions that special banking groups could be organized only among the same native bankers with strong exclusive propensity that non-native bankers were completely excluded in the organization of banking groups appeated in Tianjin financial market. Tianjin financial faction took control of Tianjin financial market. The main causes that Tianjin financial faction could take the lead in Tianjin financial market in 1920-30s can be summarized as follows; forst of all, the Tianjin financial faction’s strong exclusive propensity to their banking business domain obstrust other financial factional bankers to expand their banking business in Tianjin financial market. Tianjin financial faction had capability of, maintaining close banking relatiuon with the modern banks like foreing banks and Chinese commercial banks, collecting the banking funds which were necessary for the expansion of their banjking business, and of overcoming the financial crisis in the banking emergency, compared to other financial factions. 20세기 초 천진전통금융시장은 천진방의 금융조직이 주도권을 장악하고 있었는데 1930년대에 들어 천진금융시장의 방파조직은 일대 변화를 맞게 되었다. 외지방방파조직의 수가 천진방의 그것을 추월하기 시작하였다. 1930년대에 들어 외지방전장의 수가 급증하게 된 원인은 1930년대 초 동북지역이 일본군의 수중에 넘어간 뒤 만주와 화북지역의 많은 자본가들이 천진으로 이주하여 전장을 개설하기 시작했던 점, 천진시의 상공업발전이후 화북지역 내지와 천진시의 교역이 증가하고 천진시 공업발전에 필요한 원료공급기지가 화북내지에 광범위하게 형성되면서 천진금융시장에 외지상공업자들을 위한 전장이 급증하게 되었던 점으로 요약할 수 있다. 그러나 천진금융시장은 여전히 천진방전장에 의해 주도되었다. 1930년대에도 천진방전장조직이 천진금융시장을 장악할 수 있었던 요인은 외지방전장에 대한 천진방전장의 강한 배타성, 외지방전장조직들 사이의 강한 배타성으로 인한 연대의식의 결여, 전장간 자금청산제도의 폐쇄성, 마지막으로 천진방전장의 뛰어난 위기관리 등으로 요약할 수 있다. 항일전쟁 기간 중 천진전통금융시장에 대한 근대적인 개혁이 이루어지면서 천진방전장의 독주는 종식되었다.
IPTV 환경에서 스마트카드 복제에 강건한 다중 셋톱박스 인증기법
임지환,오희국,김상진,Lim, Ji-Hwan,Oh, Hee-Kuck,Kim, Sang-Jin 한국정보처리학회 2010 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.17 No.1
IPTV 시스템에서 콘텐츠 및 서비스 제공자의 권익보호는 수신제한시스템(CAS, Conditional Access System) 및 디지털저작권관리(DRM, Digital Right Management)를 통해서 이루어진다. 특히 CAS의 경우, 계층화된 인증키를 사용하여 권한이 있는 사용자에게만 암호화된 콘텐츠를 복호화할 수 있도록 한다. 하지만 CAS가 콘텐츠 제공자와 스마트카드(SC, Smart Card) 사이 구간만의 보안을 제공하기 때문에 셋톱박스(STB, Set-Top Box)와 SC 간 보호 받지 못하는 채널을 도청하는 McCormac Hack 공격이나 SC 복제 공격으로부터 시스템을 보호할 수 없다. 본 논문에서는 McCormac Hack 공격뿐 만 아니라 SC 복제 공격에도 강건하면서 다중 STB를 지원할 수 있는 SC / STB 인증 기법을 제안한다. SC 복제 공격을 막기위해 SC등록 단계에서 STB와 SC를 바인딩하였던 기존 기법은 다중 STB환경을 지원하지 못한다. 제안하는 시스템은 가입자관리시스템에서 STB 정보를 IPTV의 양방향 채널 특성을 이용하여 동적으로 갱신함으로서 사용자의 다중 STB를 효과적으로 지원한다. In an IPTV system, the rights of the content and service provider can be protected by using Conditional Access System (CAS) and Digital Right Management (DRM). In case of the CAS, only the authorized user who has structured authentication keys can decrypt the encrypted content. However, since the CAS establishes a secure channel only between content provider and Smart Card (SC), it cannot protect the system against McCormac Hack attack which eavesdrops on unsecure channel between SC and Set-Top Box (STB) and SC cloning attack. In this paper, we propose a robust multi-STB assisted SC / STB authentication protocol which can protect the IPTV system against not only McCormac Hack attack, but also SC cloning attack. The previous works which bind a STB and a SC during the SC registration phase against the SC cloning attack does not support multi-STB environments. The proposed system which dynamically updates the STB information in subscriber management system using the bi-directional channel characteristic of IPTV system can support the user's multi-STB device effectively.
동기화 문제를 해결한 새로운 동적 아이디기반 RFID 상호 인증 프로토콜
임지환,오희국,김상진,Lim, Ji-Hwan,Oh, Hee-Kuck,Kim, Sang-Jin 한국정보처리학회 2008 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.15 No.6
기 제안된 해쉬 기반 RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) 인증 프로토콜들은 리더와 태그간의 인증을 위해 이용하는 정보가 태그에 고정되어 저장되어 있는 값인지, 동적으로 변경되며 저장되는 값인지에 따라 두 가지 유형으로 분류할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 각각 정적 아이디기반과 동적 아이디기반 인증 프로토콜로 분류하고 이들 각각의 장단점에 대해서 살펴본다. 또한 본 논문에서는 전방향/후방향 위치추적, 동기화, 위장 공격의 개념을 포함하는 새로운 보안 모델을 제시하며 이에 근거해 기 제안된 프로토콜들과 제안하는 프로토콜의 안전성을 분석한다. 제안하는 프로토콜은 기 제안된 프로토콜들에 비해 더욱 강화된 사용자 프라이버시를 제공하면서 태그 및 데이터베이스의 연산량 측면에서도 더 효율적으로 태그를 인식할 수 있다. The recently proposed RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) authentication protocol based on a hash function can be divided into two types according to the type of information used for authentication between a reader and a tag: either a value fixed or one updated dynamically in a tag memory. In this paper, we classify the protocols into a static ID-based and a dynamic-ID based protocol and then analyze their respective strengths and weaknesses. Also, we define a new security model including forward/backward traceability, synchronization, forgery attacks. Based on the model, we analyze the previous protocols and propose a new dynamic-ID based RFID mutual authentication protocol. Our protocol provide enhanced RFID user privacy compared to previous protocols and identify a tag efficiently in terms of the operation quantity of a tag and database.
임지환 호남사학회 2015 역사학연구 Vol.57 No.-
With industrial development, Chinese commercial banks could be rapidly developed in Tianjin financial market, which made it possible for TianJin to become the second largest banking center in China, behind Shanghai, in 1920s. This paper has shed a light on how Chinese commercial banks could be rapidly developed for a short period of time after the first world war broke out. The main causes that, with outbreak of the first world war, the commercial banks in Tianjin financial market can be summarized as follows : first of all, the rapid growth of Chinese commercial banks was deeply linked to the development of Chinese industry in 1920s. Withe the outbreak of first world war, China could not import the daily commodities and industrial products from European countries, which led to cause the abrupt rise of their price all around China. This new economic condition which was in favor of Chinese industrial development got Chinese capitalist to make an investment on textile and flour milling industry that had deep relation with people's life. As a result, thousands of industrial factories began to be established for a shout period of 10 years in Tianjin. A large number of commercial banks began naturally to appear to provide industrial funds to the industrial enterprises efficiently. Second, the development of Chinese commercial banks had deep relation with the investment of warlords and government officials related to them on the banking sector in 1920s. In the early stage of republic of China, influential warlords could control China, based on the economic cooperation of Chinese commercial banks. Therefor, Chinese commercial banks could continue to develop under the protection and support of warlords. Third, Nanking government conducted the reform of monetary system, which contributed to paving the way that made it possible for Chinese commercial banks to be rapidly developed under the new financial environment. We need to take a look at the historical meanings of rapid development of Chinese commercial banks in Tianjin financial market. It can also be summarized as follows: first, The rapid growth of Chinese commercial banks in Tianjin financial market contributed to making the industrial development possible by providing the industrial funds to businessmen in Tianjin efficiently. Second, the development of Chinese commercial banks played very important role in detering the capitals of foreign powers from occupying the Chinese industry and financial market. As I mentioned above, Chinese capitalists began to make an investment on the industrial field, like the textile and flour milling industry, that had much demand of consumption when the first world war broke out in Europ. These kinds of industries played important role in sprouting the Chinese national industry in 1920s. Finally, In 1920s, Chinese commercial banks and Chinese traditional banks weer coexisted in Tianjin financial market. The Chinese traditional banks lent money to Chinese businessmen on credit basis, but Chinese commercial banks demanded the offer of proper collateral when they wanted to borrow the industrial funds . As a consequence, the small and medium sized enterprises could not approach the Chinese commercial banks, due to the lack of proper collateral. The Chinese commercial banks tried to flow their funds into the small and medium sized enterprises in the secondary way by depositing the large sum of money in the traditional banks. 1920년대 천진금융시장은 대단히 빠른 속도로 발전을 거듭하였다. 천진금융시장에서 화상은행의 발전은 괄목할만한 성과를 이루었는데 화상은행의 빠른 발전의 요인을 다음 몇 가지로 나누어 설명할 수 있다. 천진시 상공업의 급속한 발전, 북양군벌과 관료들의 금융업에 대한 집중적인 투자, 국제금융환경의 은행업발전에 유리한 조건의 형성, 그리고 화상은행 자신의 여수신업무 확장을 위한 노력 등을 들 수 있다. 다음으로 화상은행의 발전이 갖는 역사적인 의의로서는 천진금융시장의 발전으로 인해 천진시 상공업이 안정적인 발전을 이룰 수 있었다는 점, 제국주의 열강이 천진금융시장을 장악해 들어오는 것을 저지시킬 수 있었다는 점, 구식은행과의 긴밀한 금융 유대감을 통해 화상은행의 자금이 천진시의 중소상공업자들에게 흘러들어가 상공업의 발전에 유효하게 쓰일 수 있도록 했다는 점 등을 손꼽을 수 있다.
강화된 사용자 프라이버시를 보장하는 효율적인 RFID 검색 프로토콜
임지환,오희국,양대헌,이문규,김상진,Lim, Ji-Hwan,Oh, Hee-Kuck,Nyang, Dae-Hun,Lee, Mun-Kyu,Kim, Sang-Jin 한국정보처리학회 2009 정보처리학회논문지 C : 정보통신,정보보안 Vol.16 No.3
RFID 검색 프로토콜에서 리더는 특정한 태그만이 인식할 수 있는 질의를 전송하고 그 응답을 수신하여 해당 태그의 존재 유무를 판단한다. 리더의 질의에는 검색하고자 하는 태그의 식별자가 포함되어야한다는 검색 프로토콜의 구조적인 특징은 검색 프로토콜을 재전송 공격에 더욱 취약하게 만들며 일반적인 RFID 인증 프로토콜에서 사용하는 상호 인증 기법들을 그대로 적용하기 어렵게 만든다. 본 논문에서는 카운터를 사용하여 이러한 문제를 해결한 정적 아이디 기반의 RFID 검색 프로토콜과 동적 아이디 기반의 RFID 검색 프로토콜을 제안한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 전방향/후방향 위치추적, 비동기, 위장 공격의 개념을 포함하는 새로운 보안 모델을 제시하며 이에 근거해 기 제안된 프로토콜들과 제안하는 프로토콜의 안전성을 분석한다. In an RFID search protocol, a reader uses designated query to determine whether a specific tag is in the vicinity of the reader. This fundamental difference makes search protocol more vulnerable to replay attacks than authentication protocols. Due to this, techniques used in existing RFID authentication protocols may not be suitable for RFID search protocols. In this paper, we propose two RFID search protocols, one based on static ID and the other based on dynamic ID, which use counter to prevent replay attacks. Moreover, we propose a security model for RFID search protocols that includes forward/backward traceability, de-synchronization and forgery attack. Based on this model, we analyze security of our protocols and related works.
임지환 호남사학회 2019 역사학연구 Vol.76 No.-
Chinese government officials and warlords began to invest on the commercial industry and banking industry during the Baiyang government times, The development of Chinese banking industry was deeply linked to the investment of warlords and government official. Their investment for the establishment of commercial banks had a characteristics to be focused on Hobei province. Hobei province was the center of Chinese politics during Beiyang government times. In the early 20th century, Chinese commercial banks would rather seek to continuously grow under the protection of government than the expansion of receiving and loan business on credit. The main causes for Chinese government official and warlords to make a great deal of investment on the banking industry can be summarized as follows: first of all, Chinese government officials and warlords needed to constitute the new banking infrta-structure to provide effectively industrial funds to the large scaled enterprises established by their investment. Also, they sought to make lots of profits in the new banking environment for the developnent of Chinese banking industry with the rapid increase of total currency. Besides, each warlord faction wanted to possess their own commercial banks that could provide political funds for their power strife. The large scaled investment on the development of Chinese banking industry left the following impacts in the Chinese modern economy. First, the investing activities of Chinese banking industry contributed to prompting the industrial development in Huipei provinge. Second, Their investing actives not only led to the rapid development of Chinese national industry, but prevented, to some degree, foreign banks and foreign funds from penetrating into Chinee financial market. 북양정부시기 군벌관료들은 중국의금융업에 대대적인 투자를 전개하였다. 그들의 투자는 경진지역에 주로 집중되었는데 그것은 당시 경진지역은 중국의 정치의 중심지로서 경진지역의 상업은행에 투자를 할 경우 정부와의 유착 속에 은행의 빠른 성장을 기대할 수 있었기 때문이었다. 북양정부시기 군벌관료들이 금융업에 대대적인 투자를 하지 않으면 안 되었던 이유는 제1차 세계대전 이후 빠른 속도로 발전을 거듭했던 중국의 상공업발전에 필요한 기업자금의 원활한 공급을 위한 새로운 금융인프라가 필요했기 때문이다. 그리고 중국의 금융산업 발전에 유리한 국제여건의 조성 속에 더욱 많은 부를 축적하려는 의도에서 금융업에 대대적인 투자를 전개하였다. 그리고 각 계파의 군벌들은 그들의 정치자금의 조달을 원활하게 하기 위해 그들이 사금고처럼 사용할 수 있는 상업은행을 소유하려는 경향이 뚜렷했다. 군벌관료의 금융업에 대한 투자는 중국경제에 영향을 미쳤는데 첫 번째로 경진지역의 상공업발전에 중요한 역할을 하였으며 그들의 금융업에 대한 투자활동은 민족공업의 발달을 촉진시켰을 뿐만 아니라 외국자본이 중국의 금융시장을 장악해 들어오는 것을 어느정도 저지할 수 있었다. 그러나 1920-30년대 중국의 상업은행 다수가 군벌관료의 직접 투자로 설립되었던 까닭에 금융경영에 경험이 없었던 그들의 친인척을 경영에 참여시키는 등 상업은행의 경영이 그들의 영향력 하에서 자유롭지 못한 부정적인 면이 많았다.
고내구성 프리필터 성능 향상을 위한 수지가공 및 저융점 단섬유를 사용한 필터 미디어에 관한 연구
임지환,손태우,박현태,김한성 한국섬유공학회 2020 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.57 No.2
In this study, we analyzed prefilter media and compared an original nonwoven filter and the media after postprocessing. Low melt fibers (LMFs) and polyphenylene sulfide fibers possessing chemical- and heat-resistant properties were used to develop the prefilter media. We analyzed the physical properties of the filter media and its performance, such as initial fractional efficiency, dust-retaining capacity, and arrestance. In particular, we investigated the effect of the post-drying process on the performance of the filter. Although there was no significant improvement in the filter performance, it is expected that bonding using LMFs or resin will enhance the physical properties of the filters to a greater extent than needle-punching processing where the fibers are mechanically bonded. The physical properties of the filter subjected to the post-drying process, such as tensile load and tear strength, were higher than those of the dough. Although filter media subjected to the post-drying process are less efficient, they are more durable and can be used for a long time. It is expected that including a post-drying process can reduce the energy consumption of the entire filtration system.
IoT와 BLE 통신상의 형태보존암호 활용 및 최적화 구현 기법
임지환,권혁동,우재민,안규황,김도영,서화정 한국정보보호학회 2018 정보보호학회논문지 Vol.28 No.6
Bluetooth is the key technology in the wireless connection of many Internet of Things (IoT) devices, especially focusedon smartphones today. In addition, Bluetooth communication between the IoT device and the user is mainly performed viaBluetooth Low Energy (BLE), but as the Bluetooth technology gradually develops, the security vulnerability of the existingBLE is more prominent. Research on Bluetooth accessibility has been conducted steadily so far, but there is lack ofresearch for data protection in Bluetooth communication. Therefore, in this paper, when sending and receiving data in BLEcommunication between IoT and users, we propose effective methods for communicating with each other through the FormatPreserving Encryption Algorithm (FEA), not the plain text, and measures performance of FEA which is optimized inArduino and PC. 오늘날 스마트폰을 중심으로 많은 사물인터넷 (Internet of Things, IoT) 기기들이 무선으로 연결되는 데 있어서 빼놓을 수 없는 기술이 바로 블루투스이다. 또한, IoT 디바이스와 사용자 간에 블루투스 통신은 주로Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)를 통해서 이루어지는데, 블루투스 통신기술이 점차 발전함에 따라 기존 BLE의보안 취약점은 더욱 두드러질 것이다. 현재까지 블루투스 접근성에 대한 연구는 꾸준히 이뤄지고 있지만, 블루투스통신에서 데이터 보호에 대한 연구는 많이 부족하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 IoT와 사용자 간 BLE 통신에서 데이터를 주고받을 때, 평문이 아닌 형태보존암호 (Format Preserving Encryption Algorithm, FEA)를 통해 암호문을 주고받으며 통신하기 위한 효과적 방법에 대해 제안하고, 최적화 구현한 형태보존암호에 대해 Arduino와 PC에서 직접 테스트하여 성능을 측정한다.
형태보존암호화를 이용한 랜섬웨어 방지 및 스테가노그래피 보안강화기술
임지환,나관우,우재민,서화정,Lim, Ji-hwan,Na, Gwan-Woo,Woo, Jae-Min,Seo, Hwa-joeng 한국정보통신학회 2018 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5
Recently, Format-Preserving-Encryption (FEA) was suggested by the National Security Research institute (NSR) as an encryption method while maintaining the format without a distortion to the intended information to be encrypted. In this paper, we propose a scheme to solve conventional cyber security problems by using FEA scheme. First, we present the method to encrypt signatures and extensions with FEA in order to effectively defend against Ransomeware attacks. This technique can mitigate the exposure to the Ransomeware by encrypting the minimum information. Second, in order to reduce the secret information for Steganography, we introduce a new way to minimize the secret information with FEA. Finally, we compare the operation speed by encryption with FEA and Lightweight Encryption Algorithm (LEA), furthermore when we optimize FEA we want to compare with the performance improvement accompanying with it.