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샤일록과 예화: 베니스의 상인에 나타나는 자본의 윤리 서사 전략
이희구 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2017 중세근세영문학 Vol.27 No.1
Countless papers devoted to one of the most controversial characters, Shylock, have generated the incompatible two interpretations: merciless Jewish usurer or scapegoat of Christian merchants. Recent criticisms siding with the latter Shylock decry Christian practice of burgeoning capitalist economy not less morally questionable than that of Jewish usury, and in turn argue that Shylock is not a villain but a scapegoat of Christian capitalist mercantilism who must be cleared away before the new era of capitalism. This paper goes one step further from this position to claim that Shakespeare characterized Shylock modeled on medieval exempla which were inserted in sermons to illustrate moral lessons. It is with his language of literalism on the one hand and with his characterization from the typical medieval Jews (a stock character in medieval sermons and absent from England since 1290) on the other hand that Shakespeare created Shylock as a subject of a sermon exemplum. For the early modern capitalist economy then coming of age which was in desperate need of a narrative to reconcile itself with ethical imperative from Christian abhorrence against selfish accumulation of capital, the conversion or death of Shylock, a symbol of “bad old money,” in the Merchant of Venice guaranteed a narrative excuse of its being new entrepreneurship of moral standing as Max Weber’s Christian ethic a few centuries later did for the spirit of capitalism. Howard Jacobson’s My Name is Shylock recreated a new Shylock from the puppet-like Shylock, but his Shylock is still uncomfortable under 21st century capitalist economy probably because of its same underlying nature as that in Venice ceaselessly face lifting itself as CEOs of “liberal communist” persuasion in Davos forum are doing even at this moment.
The Malady of Truth and Its Cure: The House of Fame and the Conditions of Post-Truth
이희구 한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 2022 중세근세영문학 Vol.32 No.3
Since post-truth came upon us as a serious social problem with Donald Trump’s election as US president, there has been a critical endeavor to understand the posttruth conditions out of which the Trump phenomenon emerged. While many critics point to conditions possible only in our age, this paper claims that these conditions are not specific to a certain period of time but are an underlying condition of human nature across history. Through Chaucer’s House of Fame (and The Canterbury Tales), we can discern conditions comparable to our own, such as cognitive dissonance, social conformity, and confirmation bias. Post-truth is not simply a disease of our time, but a malady that we, human beings, always suffer.
이희구,김용호,이홍수,최명자,최인성,정태화 ( Hee Gu Lee,Yong Ho Kim,Hong Soo Lee,Myung Ja Choi,In Seong Choe,Tae Wha Chung ) 생화학분자생물학회 1989 BMB Reports Vol.22 No.4
A simplified procedure for obtaining high purity and high yield of C-reactive protein (CRP) was established. The CRP from ascitic and pleural fluid was purified using calcium dependent affinity chromatography of CNBr-activated Sepharose-4B covalently coupled to p-diazonium phenylphosphorylcholine (DPPC) and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The active fractions of CRP during the purification procedure were determined by EIA using pneumococcal C-polysaccharide. The final recovery of CRP was 67% of the initial protein amount as quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), and the purification fold was 3,600. The purified CRP was shown to be homogeneous by electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. The molecular weight of CRP was approximately 118KD as determined by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and the molecular weight of a subunit was approximately 23.6 KD by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of CRP was found to range about 4.82.
이희구,이종순,최명자,최인성,정태화 ( Hee Gu Lee,Jong Soon Lee,Myung Ja Choi,In Seomg Choe,Tai Wha Chung ) 생화학분자생물학회 1990 BMB Reports Vol.23 No.1
The third component of complements (C3) has been purified from plasma (blood type: B) by sequential employment of QAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, 20% (w/v) PEG-3,350 precipitation, heparin-Sepharose CL-6B, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. Final recovery of C3 was 57% as quantitated by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), and purification fold was 78. The SDS-PAGE indicated that the purified C3 was homogeneous. Mercury ions or low concentration of magnesium ion showed stimulatory effects on the hemolytic activity of C3, which were inhibited by EDTA or high concentration of reducing agent. Degradation of C3 appeared to be selectively enhanced by several factors, while lysate of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) inhibited it.