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- 저자 : 이형식 ( Hyung Shik Lee ) (검색결과 20 건)
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이형식(Lee, Hyung Shik) 한국현대영미드라마학회 2021 현대영미드라마 Vol.34 No.3
This paper aims to explore the dialectic pattern of moving and staying in the male characters’ lives in modern American drama, applying the methodology of recent development of mobility studies in the U.S. and Europe. The leading scholars of mobility studies focus on the mobility of not only people but merchandise, technology, and communication network which influence how people connect and disconnect with one another. The life style of the so-called sendentarism and nomadism can be detected in many male characters in the canonical plays of American playwrights, such as Eugene O’Neill and Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, and Sam Shepard. Drawing on their own experience, the playwrights create male characters who escape from the humdrum mundane daily lives and seek adventure and answers to their existential questions. On the other extreme stand male characters who manage to salvage the broken debris of their fathers’ wreckage. The investigation into the dialectic opposition of sedentarism and nomadism leads us to the question of what it means to be a man in the American society. The traditional concept of masculinity is constantly challenged especially in the plays of Shepard when the old man turns out to be a loser who went to the desert because he could not survive in the city, not because he was tough and adventurous and was seeking a philosophical answer. These problematic fathers leave long-lasting scar on the psyche of their sons and wives.
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섹스, 거짓말, 그리고 교육 : Oleanna와 Doubt
이형식(Lee Hyung Shik) 한국현대영미드라마학회 2011 현대영미드라마 Vol.24 No.2
Both Oleanna and Doubt aroused controversy by dealing with sexual harrassment occurring in school environment. Produced right after Thomas Clarence-Anital Hill hearing, Oleanna has been interpreted as the conservative political position of the playwright despite his adamant denial. Doubt also triggered controversy because it was written right after the clerical child-abuse scandals that have shaken Catholic Church for the last two decades. Both plays share some similarities that merit our attention; the alleged sexual harrassment or molesting takes place within the school boundary in both plays, which is supposed to be the sanctuary of moral and ethical standard; the incidents provide opportunities for the power struggle between the conservatives and the liberals; both depict the damages of this power struggle on American education and students. In Oleanna, John, who is on the point of being given a tenure, professes himself to be a liberal maverick who attacks the inadequacies of school system. While criticizing the school system, he mocks the efforts of hardworking students like Carol who strive to be initiated into academia. The tool he uses when he is doing this is the power of the language, which Carol has a hard time understanding, and which can be misinterpreted as sexual harrassment. In Act Ⅱ, Carol comes back empowered by the language of her linguistic community, her feminist “group,” and attacks John for every word he has spoken and every action he has taken. The struggle for power escalates into a climax when John has no alternatives but to rely on physical violence. The tragedy in this play arises out of both parties’ refusal to understand and communicate with each other, entrenched within their own language. Father Flynn and Sister Aloysius are engaged in similar struggle for power in Doubt. Their battle is between the new Church and the old, between priests and nuns, the alleged abuser and the defender. Sister Aloysius suspects that Father Flynn is a gay and molested Donald Muller, the only black student in St. Nicholas. Even though nothing is proven, Sister Aloysius acts on her gut instinct and pushes him into the corner. After the final confrontation in the principal’s office, which becomes the battleground for the showdown between the proponent of the Second Vatican Council and the supporter of orthodox Catholicism, Sister Aloysius succeeds in expelling Father Flynn by telling him a lie, saying that she called his previous parish. However, all of them suffer from the aftermath; Donald Muller is heartbroken and Sister James loses her love of teaching; the certainty of Sister Aloysius is also shaken when she hears the news of Father Flynn’s promotion. Oleanna and Doubt depict the dystopian world of American education which is demolished by those who are absorbed in the power struggle in which nobody wins.
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한국계 미국인 디아스포라의 세대별 양상: 성 노, 줄리아 조, 미아 정의 작품을 중심으로
이형식(Lee, Hyung Shik) 한국현대영미드라마학회 2020 현대영미드라마 Vol.33 No.1
The aim of this paper is to examine different aspects of Korean American diaspora in the plays of Sung Rno, Julia Cho, and Mia Chung. Born and raised as second generation Korean Americans, these playwrights delineate how different generations of immigrants exhibit different degrees of assimilation and suffer from the anxieties of identity formation. I discuss the plays of these playwrights through the lens of diaspora paradigm and suggest that even though the degrees of assimilation into American may be different among these generations, the diasporic state of being “suspended between countries of origin and adopted homelands” apply to all of them. The first-generation Korean immigrants were forced to move to America because of war, famine, and economic difficulties. With little educational background in Korea, they could not successfully adapt to American society due to lack of language proficiency and were isolated from their spouses and children, not to mention the community surrounding them. In contrast, the second wave immigrants came over to achieve their American dream, that is, to enjoy affluent living and send their children to prestigious American universities. However, the characters in Cleveland Raining and Durango fail to assimilate into American community or working environment and their failure ultimately leads their family into disfunctional situation. Even with their fluent English and education, their children also suffer from racialized environment and have difficulty constructing subject positions in America. Mia Chung’s You for Me for You is unique in that it deals with a North Korean refugee. Junhee, one of the two sisters, immigrates to America to acquire an American citizenship so that she could rescue her sister held in custody in North Korea. The play contrasts the totalitarian system of North Korea with consumerism of the U.S. on the stage of magic realism. Junhee’s itinerary from North Korea to the US and then to North Korea back again depicts Korean nomad’s diaspora which still continues in the globalized world.
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영문과에서 학제적 프로그램으로서 영화학 활용 방안 연구
이형식(Hyung Shik Lee) 한국영미문학교육학회 2007 영미문학교육 Vol.11 No.2
The English departments in Korean universities have encountered serious crisis during the past few years and attempted to meet these challenges by transforming their curricula. Students these days have a tendency to neglect traditional literature courses in favor of practical English courses which allegedly will improve their English proficiency. They also feel more comfortable with viewing visual images than reading hundreds pages of literature. Many departments have reacted to this phenomenon by incorporating film courses in their curricula, thus quenching the students" thirst for visual image and media.<BR> Drawing on several examples of program in the United States, this paper proposes the idea of establishing an interdisciplinary program which takes advantage of strong points of both English and film studies. Courses in English department will provide students with abundant reading materials which can be transformed into scripts and movies, as well as critical theories with which to analyze films. On the other hand, English major students can learn the practical techniques of editing, light, sound design, and cinematography from the courses offered by film studies department. This interdisciplinary program will benefit both the film studies department by providing abundant resources of film contents and methodologies and the English department which is seeking a breakthrough in the age of visual images.
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