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李炯根 건국대학교 1995 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.42 No.-
The policy loan in the life insurance contract is a valuable provision enabling a policyholder to draw upon cash values to meet temporary financial problems without resulting in policy surren-der and loss of the insurance. And through the use of this provision, a policyholder can guarantee the pdicy against lapse in the event of premium default if the loan value is sufficient to pay the premium. However the loan is not a legal obligation of the estate. Courts have held that a policy load is not a tme loan but an advance payment of funds which are, or will be, payable under the policy either as cash values, matured endowmentsi or death benefits. The insured's estate, therefore, is not liable for unpaid policy loan, but the insurer will deduct any unpaid balance from the policy procedds. PoUcyhlders who take policy loan are not borrowing their own money, but money belonging to all policyholders as a group witch must be invested in order to support the insurefs premium structure. Therefore, insurers charge interest on the policyholders' money. In now a days, with the development capitalistic economic system and society, in connection with the policy loan the conflict will occur between the insuFer and the policyholder as premium becomes large and insurancemoney become large amount in future. That is, the legal character Accordingly the study to resolve the problem is necessary as well. It is hope that this study may be helpflll to interpretaion and development for theory on legal character of policy load in life insurance in our country.
부분대역 재밍환경에서 FFT를 이용한 주파수 도약 시스템의 성능에 관한 연구
이형근,서종수 연세대학교 전파통신연구소 2001 電波通信論文誌 Vol.5 No.1
기존의 주파수 도약(Frequency Hopping) 통신시스템은 주로 PLL을 이용한 주파수 합성기를 사용하여 반송파 주파수를 도약하며 이와 같은 시스템은 도약시 발생하는 주파수 도약 천이 시간과 원치 않는 스퓨리어스(Spurious) 주파수 성분등으로 인하여 시스템 성능에 열화를 가져온다. 본 논문은 기존의 주파수 도약 시스템에서 발생하는 반송파의 위상왜곡 및 주파수 도약 천이시간을 해결하기 위한 방법으로 FFT를 이용하여 다중 반송파를 발생하고 도약마다 특정 반송파를 전송하는 동기식 FFT-FE/QPSK와 비동기식 FFT-FE/4FSK 방식을 제안한다. 또한 AWGN 및 부분대역 재밍 환경에서 타임 게이팅(time gating) 방식의 PLL을 이용하여 위상왜곡을 개선하는 주파수 도약 방식과 본 논문에서 제안한 FFT-based FH 방식의 성능을 비교 분석한다. In a conventional frequency hopping(FH) communication system, FH is done by using a PLL-based frequency synthesizer, which causes performance degradations due to a transient time during the hopping as well as unwanted spurious frequency components. In this paper, FFT-based synchronous FH/QPSK and asynchronous FH/4FSK systems are proposed, which can instantaneously modulate a specific carrier among a group of carriers generated by using FFT In order to resolve phase distortions and transient time of the carrier in a coventional FH system. The performance of time-gating PLL-based FH system having an improved phase distortion characteristics and our proposed FFT-based FH system are analysed in AWGN and also in partial band jamming environments.
이형근,최윤정,정은철 대한영상의학회 2011 대한영상의학회지 Vol.64 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the computed tomography (CT) features of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) as compared to those of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to identify the characteristic imaging features of FTC. Materials and Methods: The following CT features were analyzed to compare FTCs (n = 17) and PTCs (n = 27): size, shape, margin, internal composition, calcification, enhancement homogeniety, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node (LN) metastasis and the density and degree of enhancement (qualitatively and quantitatively). Results: There were no significant differences between the patients with FTCs and those with PTCs with respect to age and gender, and the internal composition, calcification and enhancement homogeneity of the tumor. However, the FTCs tend to show a larger size (32 mm vs. 15 mm; respectively, p < 0.001), a round to oval shape (52.9% vs. 14.8% respectively, p = 0.001), a well-defined smooth margin (58.8% vs. 14.8% respectively, p = 0.009), less extrathyroidal extension (11.8% vs. 51.9% respectively, p = 0.007) and less LN metastasis (0% vs. 29.6% respectively, p = 0.016) compared to that of the PTCs. Furthermore, the FTCs showed significantly stronger enhancement in the early phase (146.4±42.4 vs. 98.5±38.2 respectively, p < 0.001) and a greater decrement of the late enhancement (-44.6±25.2 vs. -18.7±27.9 respectively, p = 0.003) compared to that of the PTCs. Conclusion: FTCs had a tendency to be observed on neck CT as well-defined, smooth, round to oval nodules with strong early enhancement and a definite decrement of late enhancement as compared to the PTCs.
Al$_2$O$_3$-TiO$_2$세라믹의 플라즈마 용사과정에서 미세구조의 변화와 용사코팅층의 탄성에 대한 연구
이형근,김대훈,황선효,안병국,김병희,서동수,안명구 대한용접접합학회 1996 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.14 No.6
Al$_2$O$_3$-TiO$_2$powders of six different compositions were plasma-sprayed on Ti substrate. The spray powders and the spray coated layers were analysed and compared using SEM and X-RD. The elastic properties (specific elastic constant and damping coefficient) of the coated specimens were measured in order to select the optimum composition range of ceramics for use in a speaker diaphragm. A correlation between the microstructure and elastic properties was also investigated. When $Al_2$O$_3$powders with 0- 13% TiO$_2$were plasma sprayed, the coated layers were composed of metastable y-Al$_2$O$_3$with small amount of $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$and the content of $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$was increased with TiO$_2$content. Specific elastic constant was rapidly increased with 2 and 13% TiO$_2$addition to $Al_2$O$_3$. The internal damping was nearly unchanged with TiO$_2$content The specific elastic constant seemed to be dependent on the content of $\alpha$-Al$_2$O$_3$in the coated layer.