『마을의 사제』에 나타난 발자크의 현실인식

이철의 상명대학교 어문학연구소 1993 語文學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

역사, 현실, 소설 : 발자크의 소설관에 관한 한 연구 Une etude sur la conception balzacienne du roman

이철의 상명대학교 어문학연구소 1995 語文學硏究 Vol.3 No.-

발자크와 1848년

이철의 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2012 프랑스어문교육 Vol.39 No.-

En 1830, Balzac écrit les Lettres sur Paris, bilan critique et exhaustif de la révolution de Juillet, lesquelles annoncent son écriture romanesque aux années 1830. Mais à l’inverse, il ne laisse guère d’écrits sur la révolution de Février, sauf les lettres privées qu’il envoie à Mme Hanska presque tous les jours aux environs de 1848. Ce serait normal au point de vue chronologique, mais pourtant on peut se demander si ce n’est pas sur cet effleurement que se pose la véritable signification du rapport entre Balzac et Quarante-huit. Balzac est considéré comme un écrivain réactionnaire, défenseur du trône et de l'autel. C'est pourquoi il serait abusif de dire que Balzac consent à l'esprit quarante-huitard. Cependant on peut croire qu'il y a mieux qu'une simple dénégation dans les démarches de Balzac sur cette révolution. Pour éclairer ce sujet, tout d’abord nous avons examiné dans les écrits balzaciens d’autour de 1848 le problème de l’argent qui etait à la fois la hantise de Balzac et la clef de la compréhension du capitalisme moderne concrétisé à partir des années 1840. Nous supposons que pour Balzac, la difficulté de la représentation romanesque de ce problème se présente par l’ambiguïte et la naïveté des derniers romans de La Comédie humaine, surtout Le Cousin Pons et L’Envers de l’histoire contemporaine. Ensuite nous avons remarqué que Balzac a laissé inachevés quelques romans à ce temps-là: Les Paysans, Le Député d’Arcis, Les Petits Bourgeois. Ils y décrivent tous le processus de transformation fondamentale de la société française. Cet inachèvement n’est pas dû à la faute de temps. Il semble que Balzac les a volontairement abandonnés. Peut-être était-il incapable de concevoir de façon synthétique un monde qui n’évolue pas dans le sens de son propre système : ces trois oeuvres seraient en quelque sorte tombées dans le fossé de plus en plus large qui se creusait entre l’univers balzacien et l’univers réel. Ces difficultés font naître la figure du dernier Balzac, c’est-à-dire le romancier isolé du réel ou bien le romancier prisonnier de son roman. Ce serait une sorte de suicide littéraire déplorable. Mais nous supposons qu’un aspect très important de 1848 se révèle paradoxalement par cet isolement balzacien de son temps. Autrement dit, il est probable que la prise de la conscience de cette douloureux déchirement intérieur ait quelque chose de commun avec l'esprit quarante-huitard, qui ne s'arrête pas à une simple mutation socio-politique mais s'élargit à un solennel reproche de tout obstacle au mouvement de l'esprit humain et à la vie en devenir.

한반도 군비통제 및 군축 : 각종 국제레짐과의 연결 및 활용

이철기(李鐵基) 한국전략문제연구소 2000 전략연구 Vol.7 No.2

The Korean Peninsula, despite the collapse of the Cold War on a global scale, still remains the last remant of the Cold War. North and South Korea have maintained hostile relations and military tension, and have continued to race armaments. Therefore our impending tasks and missions are the dissolution of Cold War system and the establishment of a permanent peace regime on the Korean Peninsula. In Particular it is very important to the end of arms race and the achievment of disarmament on the Korean peninsula. It is impossible to maintain peace and to attain unification without military confidence-building and disarmament between the two Koreas. North and South Korea agreed already on the some principles of the arms control and disarmament by "Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-aggression and Exchanges and Cooperation between the South and the North(Basic Agreement)" and "Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula" which was concluded in 1992. The Articles 12 of "Basic Agreement" provides that the two sides shall discuss and carry out steps to build military confidence and realize disarmament by 'South-North Joint Military Commission' And the two Koreas promise not to test, manufacture, produce, receive, possess, store, deploy or use nuclear weapons, and to use nuclear energy solely for peaceful purposes in "Joint Declaration of the Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula" Meanwhile the United Nations system which play the role of the central forum international community and international arms control and disarmament agreements form "international arms control and disarmament regimes". Those regimes provide the important standards and contexts for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula as well as is worthy to utilize for it. The international arms control and disarmament regimes are as follows: UN General Assembly and the organs which deals with disarmament, UN Register of Conventional Arms, Conference on disarmament in Geneva (CD), Non-Proliferation Treaty(NPT), Chemical Weapons Convention(CWC), Biological Weapons Convention(BWC), Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) and Ottawa Convention, and Missile Technology Control Regime(MTCR). In this context, the main purpose of this paper is to examine a way of the linkage with and utilization of international regimes for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula, and to research also the possibility and conditions of utilizing those regimes. In order to attain this goals, I will study to utilize UN system as means to realize the conventional arms control and disarmament, prevent proliferation of nuclear weapons by NPT, exterminate chemical and biological weapons by CWC and BWC, prohibit anti-personnel mines by CCW and Ottawa Convention, and regulate missiles by MTCR. Among the international arms control and disarmament regimes, NPT, BWC and CD are acceded by North and South Korea together. While South Korea alone join in CWC and UN Register of Conventional Arms, all two Koreas take part in CCW, Ottawa Convention and MTCR. Taking account of UN membership of North and South Korea, we can think about utilization of the machinery which deals with disarmament within the UN framework. But it is. undesirable that the special matters of the Korea Peninsula is dealt with within UN system. It will bring about internationalization of the Korean. problems and cause unnecessary exhaustive contention and confrontation-diplomacy between the two Koreas. UN system, despite limitations like that, must contribute to arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula. CD which is the sole multilateral forum for disarmament negotiation in international community can serve to give international universality upon arms control and disarmament on Korean Peninsula. Also It is possible to secure the transparency of attack arms transfer by UN Register of Conventional Arms. International regimes like CWC and BWC can be utilize as a useful means to prohibit chemical and biological weapons on the Korean Peninsula. CWC is the first disarmament agreement negotiated within a multilateral framework that provides for the elimination of an entire category of weapons of mass destruction under universally applied international control. It has the effective and powerful verification regime like the challenge inspections which allows each State Party to have an international inspection conducted at any facility or location in any other State Party without right of refusal at short notice. South Korea have announced intention to join CCW Protocol Ⅱ, but rejected accession to Ottawa Convention for military confrontation between the two koreas and usefulness of anti-personnel mines in DMZ. South Korea must, however, take part in Ottawa Convention for a huge wave of international public opinion against landmines. Their military utility has been increasingly questioned. Ottawa Convention provide that each party undertakes to destroy all its stockpiled anti-personnel mines as soon as possible but not later that four years the entry into force of the convention for that state party. Each party also undertakes to destroy all anti-personnel mines in mined areas under its judisdiction or control not later than 10 years after the entry into force of the convention. The aims of the MTCR is to restrict the proliferation of missiles, unmanned air vehicles, and related technology for those systems capable of carrying a 500kg payload at least 300km, as well as systems intended for the delivery of weapons of mass destruction(WMD). Rigorous application of MTCR Guidelines to the Korean peninsula can bring about many problems and obstacles. Therefore in order to utilize MTCR for missile control on the Korean Peninsula, a set of conditions must be met. It is necessary to assure North Korea' Security and to establish the fair and universal standard for missile control in the Northeast Asia. Research and development of rocket for peaceful purposer like space programs shall be protected In Conclusion, international arms control and disarmament regimes is worthy of utilization for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula. First, International regimes contribute to grant the international universality and legitimacy on inter-Korean arms control and disarmament. second, It can offer the objectives, universal standard and framework in process of negotiation and implementation for the arms control and disarmament on the Korean Peninsula. Third, It must play a role of reinforcement and strengthening the arms control and disarmament regimes on the Korean Peninsula through the support and security assurance of powers on it.

발자크 작품세계의 변모과정 연구 - 『르뷔 파리지엔느 』와 1840년대 소설을 중심으로 -

이철의 한국프랑스학회 2004 한국프랑스학논집 Vol.47 No.-

과기정론 - 우주한국시대와 기초과학

이철의,Lee, Cheol-Ui 한국과학기술단체총연합회 2013 과학과 기술 Vol.526 No.-

「 시골의사 」에 나타난 주인공의 현실 인식

이철의 한국불어불문학회 1990 불어불문학연구 Vol.25 No.1

Il semble que le Me´decin de campagne de Balzac est un roman presque sans action, fait de pie`ces et de morceaux: il contient la monographie d'un village en voie de de´veloppement, un traite´ de politique et d'e´conomie, le re´cit nai¨f de la geste napole´oninne, la confession de l'amour malheureux, etc.. Mais toutes ces histoires convergent vers celle d'un homme qui consacre sa vie a` faire le bonheur de ses semblables. Benassis, he´ros de ce roman, e´prouve la souffrance de la dissonance du Moi-monde dans sa jeunesse a` Paris. Mais il ne se contente pas de souffrir et de de´noncer. Il de´cide de refaire une vie, une socie´te´, en s'apercevant que sa propre maladie et celle de ses semblables tiennet a` la maladie de l'organisation sociale. C'est pourquoi il se lance dans un village sous-de´veloppe´ et mise´rable. Son oeuvre de re´forme villageoise est tentative pour reconstruire un monde en accord avec lequel on puisse vivre. Il ne se fait pas le bienfaiteur d'un village par des dons, mais bien l'organisateur par les transformations qu'il apporte a` ses capacite´s de production. Mais pourtant il ne peut donner une victoire de´finitive a` son oeuvre. S'il ne peut, c'est qu'on ne saurait refaire la vie a` partir d'une volonte´ individuelle, alors que l'ensemble du monde continue selon ses lois propres. Pour cette raison, on pourrait se demander si l'oeuvre de Benassis tient compte pre´cise´ment des re´alite´s franc¿aises des anne´es 1820∼1830. Mais ce qui est plus important dans ce roman, c'est le fait me^me que Benassis s'affronte aux proble`mes sociaux sans les e´viter. La plupart des gens de son temps de´sespe`rent du re´el ou s'en e´vadent. Benassis, au contraire, tente de mettre un terme au schisme de l'action et du moi, de l'individuel et du collectif. Il sera un type tre`s significatif qui re´pond a` une des questions essentielles de l'homme: comment vivre dans le temps difficile?

발자크와 부르주아

이철의 한국프랑스학회 2006 한국프랑스학논집 Vol.53 No.-

體力訓練과 精神力

이철원(Lee, Churl-Won)(李哲遠) 공주대학교 동양학연구소 1994 초자연현상연구 Vol.2 No.-

근력을 발휘하는 데는 근섬유의 수, 크기가 관여하고 지구성을 발휘하는데는 산소섭취능력이 중요하다. 그러나 이러한 생리적 작용이외에도 정신의 집중력인 불굴의 의지에 의해서 체력이 발휘되게 된다. 정신력은 의욕, 판단력, 실행력, 지속력, 통제력 등을 총합한 마음의 작용이다. 정신신체의학(Psycho-Somatic Medicine)에 의하면 신체와 정신은 자율신경계 및 내분비계와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 즉 정신력의 기반이 되는 의욕, 의욕을 저해하는 불안, 공포 등은 자율신경계나 내분비계가 관여하여 체력을 발휘하는데 중요한 작용을 하게 된다. 마라톤과 같이 장거리를 달리는 경우에 고통과 피로에 견디는 힘과 기권하고 싶은 충동과의 갈등이 수반되는 데, 이때 이러한 갈등을 이기고 계속 달릴 수 있는 정신력이 있을 때만 강한 지구성을 발휘할 수 있게 된다. 따라서 지구성은 이러한 정신력에 의하여 영향을 받게 된다. 협력심이나 책임감 등도 체력을 발휘하는데 영향을 준다. 이와같이 체력과 정신력은 밀접한 관련이 있고 실제로 체력을 발휘하는데는 정신력이 매우 중요한 작용을 한다. 물론 체력훈련과정을 통하여 정신력이 향상될 수 있다. 즉 체력훈련 자체가 정신력훈련의 과정이기도 하다. 인간은 누구나 계통적인 트레이닝을 한다면 체력이 향상될 것이고, 여기에 알파요인(정신력)이 첨가된다면 체력의 생리적 한계를 초월한 보다 더 큰 힘(체력)을 발휘할 수 있을 것이다. Muscular strength is determind by the number and size of muscular fiber and cardiovascular endurance depends upon the oxygen uptake ability. Besides these phyiological elements, physical fitness is fully displayed by the indomitable will power, that is, concentration of mental power. The mental power is a mental working that is the totality of will power, judegement power, execution power, tenacity power and control power. According to the psyco-somatic medicine, body and mind which are closely related with a basis of mental power, play a very important role in displaying the phsical fitness with intervening of the autononic nervous system and endocrine system. In a long-distance race like Marathon, conflict between the mental power enduring agony with fatigue and the impulse giving up the race can be overcome only by the mental power to continue one’s race--- strong tenacity power. Tenacity power is influenced by mental power, and co-operation and responsibility give some influence upon displaying physical fitness. Physical fitness and mental power are closely related with each other and in fact, mental power plays a very important role through the training course of physical fitness which means that the physical training itself is a mental power training course. One can improve his physical fitness through the systematic training and display his physical fitness overcoming human being’s physiological limit in case of making the best of mental power.

Three-Dimensional Measurement Using Spatial Shift Estimation

이철의,오병후,Se-Hun Kim 한국물리학회 2017 New Physics: Sae Mulli Vol.67 No.2

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is a noncontact, wide-range, whole-field method for measuring the surface profile of three-dimensional (3-D) objects. Compared with other techniques such as interferometry, this technique is simpler to align, has lower cost, and does not require coherent illumination. However, these methods are used under the assumption of sinusoidal, periodic fringe patterns. Recently a new method, the spatial shift estimate (SSE), was suggested. The SSE is a 3-D measurement method based on an estimate of the shift by using non-sinusoidal, non-periodic patterns. An estimate of the shift of a distorted pattern on the object is obtained by using an inverse function-based shift estimate (IFSE); the 3-D profile of the object is calculated from the degree of shift. In this research, we studied the SSE model for determining 3-D profile information on a sample having a step-wise or parabolic shape.