생성 인공지능에 의한 ‘창의성의 자동화’가 예술에 미치는 영향에 대한 전망

이재박 중앙대학교 인문콘텐츠연구소 2023 인공지능인문학연구 Vol.13 No.-

This study examines the automation of creativity in art through generative artificial intelligence (AI). The findings can be summarized as follows: First, this study analyzed the developmental history of AI and its relationship with art, which we divided into five distinct periods: the “embryonic,” “human lead,” “transition,” “machine lead,” and “commercialization.” Second, this study demonstrated that the output generated by AI cannot be considered and “individual work,” but instead a system encompassing both a thinking process and creation process, capable of generating an infinite number of works. Third, by examining definitions of creativity from various researchers, this study discovered that creativity is also a system encompassing both thinking and creation processes. Fourthly, as generative artificial intelligence (GAI) yields a “system” tantamount to creativity, this study concluded that creativity can be automated through GAI. Finally, we explored five aspects of the potential impact of “automation of creativity” on art. This study enhances our understanding of the evolution of art landscapes with the emergence of GAI. 이 연구는 생성 인공지능에 의한 창의성의 자동화가 예술에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰했다. 이 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인공지능의 발전사와 예술의 관계를 ‘태동기’ ‘인간 주도기’ ‘전환기’ ‘기계 주도기’ ‘상용화기’의 다섯 시기로 나누었다. 둘째, 인공지능이 생성하는 결과물이 ‘개별 작품’이 아니라‘사고과정과 생성과정으로 이루어진, 무한개의 작품을 생성할 수 있는 시스템’이라는 것을 밝혔다. 셋째, 창의성에 대한 다양한 연구자들의 정의를 종합하여 창의성도 ‘사고과정과 생성과정으로 이루어진 시스템’임을 밝혔다. 넷째, ‘생성 인공지능이 출력하는 시스템’과 ‘창의성’이 동일하기 때문에 결과적으로 생성 인공지능에 의해 창의성이 자동화됐음을 보였다. 다섯째, 창의성의 자동화가 예술에 미칠 영향을 다섯 가지 측면에서 고찰했다. 이 연구는 생성 인공지능의 등장으로인해 변화가 불가피한 예술의 지형을 이해하는 데 기여한다.

전자장-열유동 연성해석으로 알아보는 방열 해석

이재박,Lee, Jae-Park 전력전자학회 2020 전력전자학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Comparison of Postoperative Pain in Laparoscopy-Assisted Distal Gastrectomy and Totally Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy by Location of Mini-Laparotomy Site

이재박,최성일,정유나,김상현 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2019 Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes and determine the degree of postoperative pain associated with the location of mini-laparotomy sites in gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) or totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG). Methods: Between November 2011 and December 2016, 153 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer at Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong were reviewed retrospectively. We divided the patients into LADG with epigastric incision, TLDG with umbilical incision (TLDG_U), and TLDG with Pfannenstiel incision (TLDG_P) groups according to the location of incision for anastomosis and specimen removal. There were 37 cases in the LADG group, 85 in the TLDG_U group, and 31 in the TLDG_P group. The clinical characteristics, numeric rating scale (NRS) scores, and postoperative analgesic usage for 7 days of the three groups were compared. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in clinical characteristics including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), TNM staging, and complications among the three groups. There was no significant difference in the amount of total analgesics received; however, the TLDG_P group received more analgesics (5.26±5.053, p=0.412) during the first 7 postoperative days. The TLDG_P group showed higher NRS scores on postoperative days 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (p=0.04, 0.001, 0.003, 0.006, and 0.002 respectively). Conclusion: Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy can be performed through various incision sites for increasing the safety of mini-laparotomy. However, a Pfannenstiel incision was shown to be more painful than other incisions.

예술적 아름다움과 정보처리 비용의 효율성, 그리고 예술 창작에서의 인공지능의 성공 가능성

이재박 ( Rhee Jaepark ) 중앙대학교 인문콘텐츠연구소 2020 인공지능인문학연구 Vol.6 No.-

인간이 느끼는 ‘아름다움’은 ‘심미적 현상’으로 이해되기도 하지만, 대칭이나 반복과 같은 ‘수리적 현상’에 기반한 것일 수 있다. 이에 본 논문은 ‘정보처리 비용의 효율성’이라는 관점에서 심미적 현상인 ‘아름다움’을 고찰한다. 감상자의 정보처리 비용이 적게 들수록(특징이 잘 나타날수록) 아름답다고 여길 가능성이 높다는 것이 본 논문의 가설이며, 사례와 실험을 통해 이를 검증한다. 인간의 사유는 언어를 통해 달성된다고 알려져 있지만, 그 사유가 일어나는 ‘뇌’라는 물리적 공간에서 일어나는 일은 전기 신호의 ‘계산’뿐이다. 따라서 그 어떤 ‘예술적 사유’도 결국은 ‘계산 활동’으로 환원된다. 결국, 인간의 예술 활동은 심미적 현상이기 전에 수리적 현상이다. 그런데 수리적인 활동은 인간보다 기계가 우위다. 예술 활동도 수리적 계산으로 편입되기 시작한 오늘날, 인공지능이 예술 창작에서 성공할 가능성은 그 어느 때보다 높아졌다. The “beauty” that humans appreciate seems to be considered an “aesthetic phenomenon”. However, it can be understood as a “mathematical phenomenon”, such as symmetry or repetition. Therefore, this study examines the aesthetic phenomenon, namely “beauty,” in terms of “effectiveness of information processing costs”. The hypothesis of this study is that there would be a correlation between the low cost of processing viewer’s information and the more beautiful it is. It is known that human thinking is perceived through language, but the “calculation” of electrical signals is what happens in the physical space, which is called the “brain”. Therefore, any “artistic thinking” is eventually reduced to “calculation activity”. After all, artistic activity is a mathematical phenomenon before it is an aesthetic phenomenon. However, in mathematical activities, machines are superior to humans. Today, as artistic activities have also been incorporated into mathematical calculations, the likelihood of artificial intelligence succeeding in the creation of art is greater than ever.

CO튜브 삽입에 따른 오염 물질 배출특성에 관한 연구

이재박(Jaepark Lee),김종민(Jong-Min Kim),이승로(Seungro Lee),이창언(Chang-Eon Lee) 한국에너지학회 2010 에너지공학 Vol.19 No.3

고효율 친환경 응축형 열교환기 개발

이재박(Jaepark Lee),이승로(Seungro Lee),이창언(Chang-Eon Lee),윤희중(Hee-Jung Yun),이황의(Hwang-Eui Lee),장기현(Gi-Hyun Jang) 한국연소학회 2010 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.40

This study was about the development of green high-efficiency condensing heat exchanger which does not need a technical importation from foreign country and is able to produce it by own technology. The efficiency of BAND A, SEBBUK was set more than 90 %, and CO and NOx emissions were targeted less than 50 ppm and 40 ppm, respectively. The pilot unit was made using a heat exchanger Benchmarking of developed countries, and the shape and the position of tube were adjusted to reduce CO and NOx emissions at the same time.

자동창작시대의 예술 작품 -인공지능은 예술 창작의 주체가 될 수 있는가?

이재박 ( Jaepark Rhee ),안성아 ( Sungah Ahn ) 중앙대학교 인문콘텐츠연구소 2020 인공지능인문학연구 Vol.5 No.-

Computational creativity is emerging as a sub-field of computer science; it attempts to make machines the subjects of artistic creations. Therefore, we examine whether machines can be considered the subjects of artistic creations through experiments on audiences’ appreciation of works by artificial intelligence (AI) and humans. According to our qualitative and quantitative findings, audiences reported no significant differences in appreciating works by AI and humans. Thus, it seems inappropriate to declare that “AI cannot be the subject of an artistic creation.” Prior to asking, “Can machines create art?” it is necessary to ask “Isn’t a human a kind of machine?” It is contradictory if we deny that humans are machines, because they are also formed by evolution, a mechanical algorithm. If humans are a type of machine, and if they also make art, eventually, this will come to mean that machines create art. In conclusion, it is not natural to deny the hypothesis, “Machines can be the subjects of artistic creations.”

응축형 보일러에서 배기가스 재순환량(EGR ratio)에 따른 연소특성

이재박(Jaepark Lee),김종민(Jong-Min Kim),이승로(Seungro Lee),이창언(Chang-Eon Lee) 한국연소학회 2010 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.41

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a method to reduce NOx emission of combustion products using decreasing the flame temperature. In this study, EGR method was applied to domestic heating appliances like a boiler to reduce NOx and CO emissions. It was investigated the combustion characteristics by EGR ratio from 0 to 15 % with changing the equivalence ratio from 0.7 to 0.95. As results, NOx and CO concentrations reduced with decreasing the flame temperature and the effect of CO2 respectively, as EGR ratio was increased at each equivalence ratio.

컴팩트 연소실 내 CO튜브 삽입에 따른 오염물질 배출특성

이재박(Jaepark Lee),김종민(Jong-Min Kim),이승로(Seungro Lee),장기현(Gi-Hyun Jang),이창언(Chang-Eon Lee) 한국에너지공학회 2010 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2010 No.4

본 연구는 컴팩트 연소실내 CO 튜브 삽입에 따른 NOx 및 CO 배출 특성에 관한 연구로써, CO 튜브 삽입에 따른 연소기와 CO튜브 사이의 거리와, CO튜브와 주열교환기 사이의 거리에 따른 배출 특성을 검토하였다. 본 연구를 위해 상용프로그램인 Fluent9t GRI 2.11 상세 반응 기구를 이용하여 수치해석과 실용 연소기를 모사한 단순 모델 열교환기의 실험을 통해 CO튜브 삽입에 관한 NOx 및 CO 배출특성을 검토하였다. 그 결과 연소기와 주열교환기 사이에 CO 튜브를 삽입하여 CO 튜브가 연소기에 근접하고 CO 튜브와 주열교환기 사이를 넓어짐으로써 NOx 및 CO 저감에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이로 인해 CO 튜브 삽입에 따른 NOx 및 CO를 동시 저감법을 확인할 수 있었다. This study was the effect of CO tube insert for NOx and CO emission characteristics in a compact combustion chamber. In detail, NOx and CO emission characteristics with changing of distance due to inserting the CO tube between the burner and the main heat exchanger were investigated. For this study, the commercial program, FLUENT, and the GRI 2.11 detail reaction mechanism were used for the numerical study and a simple model heat exchanger was tested for the experimental study. As results, when the CO tube was inserted between the burner and the main heat exchanger, it was verified the simultaneous NOx and CO reduction method because of increasing the residence time and decreasing the flame temperature.

공연예술 취향형성시기에 대한 연구

안성아,이재박 한국경영과학회 2016 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10