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민족, 젠더, 민족정체성 : 국민동맹의 출산장려정책을 중심으로
이승한 전남대학교 인문학연구소 2010 용봉인문논총 Vol.37 No.-
This article examines the image of the ideal women of the early 20th century France by the pronatalism of Alliance Nationale pour 1’Accroissement de la Population Fran? ais (Alliance Nationale) which established in 1896. Between 1870 and 1940 Germans invaded France three times. On two occasions the French suffered defeat followed by occupation, while the 1914~1918 war was won only with the help of British and American allies, and at a terrible cost in human lives. And the same period the declining birth rate of France was one of the causes of anxiety of French. Jacque Bertillon founded the Alliance Nationale to control the tendency of the depopulation and encourage national power. Especially, after the World War 1, Fernand Boverat and his colleagues criticized the spreading of individualism and the emergence of femme moderne and asserted to reestablish traditional ideology of family. Their maintenance had an effect on enacting of Code Famille in 1937 and continually affected on the French family policy after World War Ⅱ. In this article, the main concern is to examine the image of ideological women they thought and the historical context of that thought with their pamphlet. Alliance Nationale asserted to recover the traditional thought of family and mother image for increase the population of France, but their attitude to immigrants show that a simple "demographic revival" is not the all of their purpose. In Europe, France was one of the popular country for immigration, so Alliance Nationale worried about the inferior blood like colored races was mixed with French blood and claimed that French must make up family themselves. In the early 20th centry women ’s participation of society was gradually increased, but the actions of Allience Nationale to let women be at home, even if they thought that France was in feril of a crisis by rival country, seems like the Fascist policy that they regarded with hostility. Participation of the women increased and the traditional thing was in crisis, but unlike the past they don’t need the hands of women little by little, the assertions to let women go home was raised. After all, what they need to women, that they want to keep control on women is likewise.