현행 한국의 한약재 중금속기준개정 필요성 고찰

이선동,박경식,Lee Sun-Dong,Park Kyung-Sik 대한예방한의학회 2001 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.5 No.1

Legal permissible limit of herbal drugs metal level in Korea is define 'less 30.0ppm in total(except mineral drugs)' including Pb Hg Cd As Cr Ni etc. This limit has a lot of problems in several factors, that is, not divide hazard and essential elements, not consider high and low toxic effect in each metal, not calculate dose-response relationship and average health behavior in Korean etc. As a that result, It has strong limits and weakness in the basic toxicology and Oriental medicine. To improve and correct these factors, We need to several new approach as like below. It must be radical study following problems in short and middle-long period in the future, toxic metal and essential element must be divide to basic toxicology and also be diverse toxic effect. But mineral drugs that included a amount of severe toxic metals is being used as active prescription drug until now. If toxic, safety and side-effect of metals will be considered, mineral drugs must prohibit instantly or use at least after examined toxic effect. But one of the most important things about herbal drugs contamination, all people and department (government, farmer and trader, oriental medicine doctors and association) will be participate cooperative and collection for preventive or the least contamination in herbal drugs.

中國의 中醫藥大學 韓國留學生 現況, 問題點 및 對策

이선동,문용 대한한의학회 1997 대한한의학회지 Vol.18 No.1

다용(多用)한약재의 산지 및 소비지역별 As농도비교

이선동,박해모,서용찬,오민석,김기동 대한보건협회 2011 대한보건협회 보건종합학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

[연구배경] 한의사의 주요 치료수단인 한약의 오염물질 중 특히 유해금속농도관련 연구는 상당히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 다용한약재(16종)의 전국단위의 산지(한국과 중국) 및 국내 소비지역별 As농도의 비교연구는 없다. [연구목적] 16종 한약재는 한국 한의사들이 흔히 처방하는 약재인데 산지 및 소비지역별로 As농도의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. [연구방법] 한약소비관련 자료에 근거하여 한약재를 선택했으며 이것을 산지(한국, 중국), 소비지역(서울 3곳, 경기 2곳, 강원 전라 충청 경상 제주)별로 Sampling하여 약용부위(과실, 뿌리, 뿌리줄기(균핵포함))별로 산지 및 소비지역에 따라 각각 As농도를 측정하여 약재 및 지역별 평균(표준편차)를 제시하였다. [연구결과] 과실류의 한약재별 As의 평균 농도는 한국산이 0.000~0.686±1.578㎎/㎏, 중국산은 0.068 ±0.121~0.539㎎/㎏, 지역별 평균 농도는 0.012±0.043~0.892±1.857㎎/㎏ 이었다. 뿌리류의 한약재별 한국산 평균 농도는 0.063±0.078~0.247±0.330㎎/㎏, 중국산은 0.137±0.219~0.457㎎/㎏, 지역별 평균농도는 0.038±0.044~0.307±0.253㎎/㎏이었다. 그리고 한국산 뿌리줄기(균핵류 포함)의 평균 농도는 0.063±0.118~0.213±0.172㎎/㎏, 중국산은 0.085±0.079~0.287±0.175㎎/㎏이었다. 또한 국내 지역별 전체 평균은 서울(0.268±0.204㎎/㎏), 경기(0.174±0.204㎎/㎏), 강원(0.168±0.234㎎/㎏), 전라(0.060± 0.136), 충청(0.076±0.112㎎/㎏), 경상(0.361±1.158㎎/㎏), 제주(0.139±0.162㎎/㎏)이었다. 이것을 종합해볼 때 16종의 다용한약재 중 As농도는 산지별, 소비지역별로 상당한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

전통적인 한의학(韓醫學)의 독성(毒性) 개념

이선동,Lee Sun-Dong 대한예방한의학회 1999 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This treatise, after review recent data on Oriental Medical toxicity, gets a conclusion on toxic concept of Oriental Medicine. 1. In the oriental medicine, the concept of toxic character contains propensity which disposition is inclined, and general meaning covered with the effect of a medicine, a side effect, formation of a medicine Besides, the concept diversely is used in the cause of a disease, names, symptoms, how to treat, medicines, prevention name, etc. 2. Every herbal drugs has toxic character. Levels of toxicity are nonexistence(無毒), existence(有毒), a little(小毒), always(常毒), serious(大毒), fatal toxic(劇毒), whose concepts in the Oriental Medicine are divided relative and absolute at the same time. 3. The examples of the fatal events by poisoning up to now are more than 400 cases(in China). 4. The factors of toxicity are the amount used unsuitably, the combination, directions, and interactions between western and oriental medicine, etc. The reduction of toxicity and how to detoxicate is several methods. The toxic science in Oriental Medicine based on the formation of oriental medicine present principles which use herbal drugs safely and availablely, utilizing th dispositions and efficiencies. It has positive, learning spirits which prevent abuse of oriental medicine, and which exactly diagnose and use the herbal drugs in the treatment with absolute toxic medicine. However, I think that scientific, positive experimental research is necessary to setup dose-response relation, be in relative quantity of toxic character, operate on the reactive mechanism exactly.

한의학 치료율 제고 방안에 관한 연구

이선동,Lee Sun-Dong 대한예방한의학회 1999 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

This thesis shows about the meaning of treatment rate increasing, the current treated level and the reason of low treatment rate and increasing methods. 1. Treatment rate incresing means high treat level within short time, keeping treatment effect for a long time as well as raising treatment rate. 2. The current by diseases each others completed treatment rate of oriental medicine is 14.0% to 89.7%$(mean:\;{\pm}40.0%)$. Therefore the rate is show too low. 3. The reasons of low treatment rate; low academic level of oriental, academic limitation, clinic and prevention problem of oriental medicine, lack of medical approch suitable for current diseases and symptoms, mostly incurrable diseases using oriental medicine, lack of preventive education, disappropriate medical service and nonspecialty of the treatment, etc. 4. The next methods for incresing the treatment rate must be improved; such as accurate establishment of process that diagnosis symptoms and treats them, system research of microdiagnosis, positive treatment with medicine and nonmedicine method at the same time, appropriate subdivision and actualization of clinical basic research, research of dose and response, diversity of treatment methods and forms, development of treatment service and prevention based on health level, enormous change as cure medicine and opening-up of new disease field, specialization of medical examination, reinforcement of public medical part and herbal drugs use with same origin, mental and pysical stability of patients, accurate extract and oral drinking ways, etc.

국립한의대 설치 필요성에 대한 일반인의 인식도 조사

이선동,안상우,권영규,고성규,신상우,배종면,Lee, Sun-Dong,Ahn, Sang-Woo,Kwon, Young-Kyu,Ko, Seong-Gyu,Shin, Sang-Woo,Bae, Jong-Myun 대한예방한의학회 2005 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Subjects in this study comprised of general public (907), high school students (772), individuals associated with Oriental medicine (660), and 60 majoring in western medicine, totalling 2,413 individuals. Survey was conducted on the necessity of establishing Oriental medicine school at the national university level and the following result were obtained: - 78.3% (1847 individuals) were in favor of establishing Oriental medicine school at the national university level. - For the validity of establishment, responders expressed opinions of standard and virtuous education, higher quality education, standardized practice, research on difficult to cure diseases, and obtaining competitiveness in the world market. - One to three schools were considered as an appropriate number of schools with less than 80 students per class, Class size may be adjusted from existing schools (52.5% favored decrease in size) and (46.3% favored increase in size). - Educational and research facilities must be accopanied with schools of Oriental medicine as well as clinical training facilities, herbal pharmaceutical research centers, and fundamental medical centers. - Many favored 6 year curriculum as the most appropriate system and the school of Oriental medicine should be established within the university. Based on the information gathered in this survey, we may recognize the limitations of Oriental medicine schools at the private institutional level and support the establishment of Oriental medicine schools at th national university level. This establishment may play as a steeping stone for advancement in education, standardization of research and treatment, and commercialization of Oriental medicine of benefit the general public.

가시오가피 에탄올추출물의 AGS위암세포주에서 세포주기억제효과

이선동,고성규,신헌태,신용철,Lee, Sun-Dong,Ko, Seong-Gyu,Shin, Heon-Tae,Shin, Yong-Cheol 대한예방한의학회 2011 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Objectives : The research was conducted to confirm the effect of Acanthopanax senticosus harms(ASH) on the anti-tumor activities in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Methods : To examine the potential anti-tumor effect of ASH, we performed many experiments. After processing AGS cancer cells with varying concentrations 80% ethanol ASH extract, analyses by MTT, flow cytometer(FACS) and western blot were used. Results : AGS cancer cells showed decreased cell proliferation and increased contents of S phase when treated with ASH. Moreover, the Western blot experiment showed that ASH affected S phase cell cycle-related molecules(Cyclin A, p21 and p16) in AGS cells. ASH also inhibited EGFR-STAT3 pathway in AGS human gastric cancer cells. Conclusion : Based on these results, we observed that ASH arrested the cell cycle at S phase and inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and STAT3 proteins which reduce the cell cycle and the manifestation of the genes that are related to inhibiting cell growth in AGS cells. It can be concluded that ASH can be used in developing medicine for gastric cancer.

전국민을 대상으로 한 한의원과 한방병원 외래이용환자의 이용실태 및 특성비교연구 - 2011년 한방의료이용 및 한약소비실태조사 보고서(보건복지부)중 이용환자의 질병치료방법 및 치료효과를 중심으로 -

이선동,조재국,박해모,양준모,최성용,Lee, Sundong,Jo, Jaegoog,Kim, Hyundo,Park, Hae-Mo,Yang, Jun-Mo,Choi, Sung-Yong 대한예방한의학회 2013 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.17 No.2

A survey conducted on 1,103 patients or caretakers visited Korean medical clinics and hospitals between August 25, 2011 to September 30, 2011 by the Ministry of Health and Welfares and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs was analyzed and obtained following results: 1. For sociodemographic distribution, female(813) outnumbered male(290) patients with majority of patients ranging from 30s to 60s. Married patients(793) outnumbered unwed(150) patients and 65.0% with higher than high school education. Statistical significance was seen in gender, age, marital status, and education level but no significant difference for status of employment, income level, and types of insurance between the clinics and hospitals. (P<0.05). 45.1% had less than \2,000,000 in monthly salary and most of coverage was provided by either regional or work insurance. 2. 67.9% of the patients rated health conditions to be better than average and 32.1% listed as poor. People in good health showed tendency to visit Korean medical facilities. Musculo-skeletal conditions such as arthritis, ankle sprain, lumbago, muscular injury, and frozen shoulder were common conditions, followed by gastric disorders, common cold and herbal tonics. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals for above conditions, but significance was seen in atopic dermatitis, stroke, and sequela from traffic accidents (P<0.05). 3. Ten most common conditions addressed at Korean medical facilities were lumbago, arthritis, muscular injury, back sprain, gastric disorders, ankle sprain, common cold, herbal tonics, frozen shoulder and stroke. Major treatment modalities rendered were herbal medicine, herbal supplements, acupuncture and moxibustion, cupping, tuina, and Korean midical physical therapy. No significant difference existed between the clinics and hospitals. 4. All modalities showed at least 85% effectiveness. No statistical significant difference between the clinics and hospitals except for herbal decoction. (P=0.0452) 5. 88.3% of responses showed treatment satisfaction with significant difference between the clinics and hospitals (P=0.002). The occurrence of side effects was at 2%, mostly corning from treating digestive, skin, kidney disorders and neurological issues. No significant difference was observed between the clinics and hospitals. From the above results, the typical population visiting Korean medical facilities can be summarized as being middle aged female with relatively higher education and moderately low income. The health condition is generally good and the purpose of visit is to receive traditional treatments of acupuncture, herbal medicine, and physical therapy. Treatment efficacy and satisfaction were high with no significant differences between the clinics and hospitals.

한국 한의학교육의 발전방안

이선동,한용주,신규원,Lee Sun-Dong,Han Yong-Joo,Shin Kyu-Won 대한예방한의학회 2004 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Problems and current situation of public health globally and domestically were analyzed in this study and based on these findings, ways to improve from western medicine and Oriental medicine can be deduced as follows: 1. Current problems of public health in Korea and the world 1) Increase of diseases resulted from daily habits and infectious diseases, many are at the brink of being ill. Quality of life from extended life span and unbalanced health care must be solved. 2) Natural and societal factors including host factors, public health service, and other external and internal factors play an important role in deciding healthy and being ill. 3) Some of the limits and problems of modem medicine include insufficient academic knowledge and incomplete theory, as well as misled approach to the treatment. Human itself isn't perfect organism and other realistic problems hinder one's well-being. 4) Regardless of western medicine or Oriental medicine, patients were approached as someone with diseases and disorders, and wholistic approach was disregarded. Lack of clinical training, absence of clear educational philosophy and goal are some of the reasons why the education isn't under concrete system 2. Important factors for the medical education and proper direction for the education of Oriental medicine 1) Important factors for medical education - Education should not be limited on the human health and illness, but also cover qualities such as well-being, social welfare, service, and happiness. Every aspects of human life must be considered and attended for more productive outcome. - Basic understanding of humanity must be included in the educational curriculum - Foundation of human diseases and pain are associated with inner life and surrounding causes including family, society, nature, race, culture, religion, politics, and etc., thus the education must be approached to recognize aforementioned criteria. 2) Proper direction for the education of Oriental medicine - Values of Oriental medicine for medical principles and importance of lifehood must be educated. - Educational goal, limits, and levels must be established for the school of Oriental medicine - Respect for life must be the top priorities of educational direction which should lead to solution based education for the human health. Latest medical theory and technology should be accommodated as well as prevention, treatment, and balancing of basic courses and clinical training for optimal education.

미병상태(未病狀態)의 학문적(學問的).임상적(臨床的) 중요성(重要性)과 의의(意義)에 대한 고찰(考察)

이선동,김명동,Lee Sun-Dong,Kim Myong-Dong 대한예방한의학회 1997 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The result of this paper runs as follows: 1. The theory of preclinic phase (=mibyung) was scientifically completed as one basic philosophy in "NAEKYUNG(內經)" and on influenced in the coming generations. Two principles for mibyung is to grow good energy and to avoid etiological cause. 2. So far oriental medicine has responded to already diseases, while to recognize the importance of mibyung is to convert it into preventive medicine which study and improve health. In spite of the opinion that no disease is health and no health is disease, the contrite of medical approch by the relative importance is necessary by understanding the steps of mibyung between health and disease with subdividing the steps of the occurance therefore, the scope of oriental medicine may be recognized from every disease to mibyung, that is, health. 3. Diagnosing and treating in the step of mibyung has more important meaning than suffering step because the checkup of mibyung means early examination and treatment. Mibyung can make an opportunity that improve scientific contradiction and defect of oriental medicine. However, scince the theory and practice lack the arrangement and study, much exertion and discussion is necessary.4. The diagnosis and cure in mibyung doesn't have many methods for treating, its index and standard isn't nified, and related theory is of small quantity. But the most prominent means of solution. with combination with other sciences and through the convertion into modem clinical examination, is to accomplish moderization, objectivity and indexation, etc. 5. The representive mibyungs are a hereditary disease, immune lack, mutation, early tumor, incubation of hepatitis and each infectious diseases, stress, etc. Since every science is the product of the times, it has the historical limits. As the times develop, the desire for good health is growing. Therefore we should consider above request in this times.