http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
庚辰 修信使 金弘集과 黃遵憲著 『朝鮮策略』에 關한 再檢討 : 金弘集 自筆 寫本 「朝鮮策略」을 보며
李瑄根 東亞大學校 1963 東亞論叢 Vol.1 No.-
Dong-A University having lately gotten kim Hong Jip's autograph manuscript of Korea's Policy, which was written by Hwang Tsuen Hsien, a Cantonese, and had an important effect upon the diplomacy of Korea in the eighteen-eighties when it was opened to foreign intercourse, I try, in this article, to deal with the relationship between both the persons Kim Hong JiP and Hwang Tsuen Hsien, and also the process how this pamphlet was published, and its influence on the modern diplomatic history of Korea. Firstly, why did the Korean Government send Kim to Japan as envoy in 1880? To look back, the first treaty of amity of 1876 between Korea and Japan after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 was concluded unequally. In consequence of the treaty, (1) Japan never paid any custom duties for the exports and imports, while making Korea its market, (2) and carried out a large quantity of rice, Korea's staple food, (3) and forced the opening of the port of Inchun, the throat of the then capital Seoul after the compulsory opening of the port of \unsan on the east coast. These were great disadvantages against Korea at that time. Accordingly the Korean Government was obliged to send Kim Hong Jip to Japan in the summer of 1880 to solve these problems. Secondly how was Japan's attitude toward Kim Hong Jip's delegation? The Japanese newspapers, giving them a warm welcome, hoped those three disadvantages against Korea would be solved with friendly understanding. But contrary to this pubic opinion, the Japanese Government, notwithstanding that they were also driving foreward the revision of the unequal treaty they had concluded with European nations, objected to the revision of the tax agreement, stopping the import of rice, and the refusal of the opening of Inchun port, which Kim Hong Jip had suggested. Thus, Kim Hong Jip's negotiations with the Japanese Government fell through without any satisfactory result. Thirdly, although Kim Hong Jip met these difficuilties, on the contrary the Chinese diplomats in Tokyo, Minister Ho Ju Chang and Deputy Chief of Mission Hwang Tsuen Hsien paid visits and gave advice to him and they contracted a friendship with each other. Instead of his complete failure in the negotiations, Kim Hong Jip obtained edifying knowledge pertaining to Korea's foreign policy from the Chinese diplomats. The Chinese diplomats had several talks with Kim Homg Jip and their opinions about Korean diplomacy given him were printed into the booklet, Korea's Policy which was offered to him as a present. On returning to the motherland, he dedicated the book to the King to which the Korean Government soon paid extraordinary attention. In the booklet were the contents that Korea should be warned against Russia's Asian policy, for it would be the greatest menace to Korea, and that Korea should be friends with China, form a friendship with Japan, ant tie up with America, in order to safeguard against Russia's menace. Consequently the booklet was adopted as an Invaluable text-book by the Korean Government which had then opened the door of the country at random but still could not establish definite policies. Fourthly, to follow this exhortation the Korean Government (1)began to reform the internal affairs and sent students to China and Japan, (2)and concluded a treaty with America through the goad offices of the Chinese Government, and furthermore, opened the door to the European Powers. However, there arose now objections to this policy; the anti-alien and anti-Western study movements grew vehement on the part of the Yulim school(Confucians) and the supporters of Daewungun(father of the King, Kojong) even plotted to overthrow the government. And further, there were severe conflicts of ideas between the New and the Old factions and between the East and the West parties . Thehrefore, the effect Hwang Tsuen Hsien's booklet produced on the Korea of that time can be said to have been very important.