테네시 윌리엄스 극에 나탄난 성적 혼동

이상혁 ( Lee Sang-hyok ) 대한영어영문학회 2006 영어영문학연구 Vol.32 No.2

Despite the financial success and the critical applause the major plays of Tennessee Williams have received, many of the plays often convey confused and contradictory attitudes towards sex. Within a single play, sex can be a positive assertion of life, a vigorous life-force, a destructive force that consumes and destroys human beings, a cause for atonement and a means of self-punishment, as well as a way to ward off time and death. Thus, sex is different things at different times. The effect of this is that the characters’ behavior sometimes appears inconsistent or unbelievable, and the play becomes ambiguous and contradictory. Williams does not offer any positive alternatives to his characters’ sexual attitudes or behavior, and no people or relationships can seem to be healthy, optimistic, mature, or even normal. No matter how compelling and powerful Williams’ plays might have been, they leave the audience and reader with a curiously unsatisfactory feeling about this sexual confusion. Consequently, it is likely that this problem keeps Williams from accomplishing much more dramatic achievements. (Sangji University)

한국 정상 젊은 남성에서의 거골-제 1 중족골간 각과 거골 수평각 및 종골 경사각

이영구,임수재,이상혁,박찬호,이상헌,Lee, Young-Koo,Yim, Soo-Jae,Lee, Sang-Hyok,Park, Chan-Ho,Lee, Sang-Hun 대한족부족관절학회 2010 대한족부족관절학회지 Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the normal angles of the talus-1st metatarsal angle, the talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle for diagnosis of foot deformity in Korea. This would be helpful as it would provide a basic angular measurement of flat and cavus foot that indicates the need for operation. Materials and Methods: Within a period of four months from January 2007 to April 2007, We have established 600 feet of 300 males without trauma history of foot. The source to image distance is 40 inches and erect weight bearing radiographs are obtained in anteroposterior and lateral projections. The significant angular measurements that define flat or cavus foot are the talus-1st metatarsal angle, the talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle. Results: The mean age was 21 years (19-22 years) old. The mean talus-1st metatarsal angle was $0{\pm}6.9{^{\circ}}$, the mean talo-horizontal angle was $25.8{\pm}4.5{^{\circ}}$ and the mean calcaneal pitch angle was $23.9{\pm}5.1{^{\circ}}$. Conclusion: We can consider that mean talus-1st metatarsal angle, talo-horizontal angle and calcaneal pitch angle are $0{\pm}6.9{^{\circ}}$, $25.8{\pm}4.5{^{\circ}}$ and $23.9{\pm}5.1{^{\circ}}$ as an normal angle limit of young age in Korea.

영국 부조리극의 포스트모던 리얼리티

양병현(Byung Hyun Yang),이상혁(Sang-Hyok Lee) 한국현대영미드라마학회 1999 현대영미드라마 Vol.- No.11

연속적으로 시행한 양측 슬관절 전치환술에서의 자가수혈장치는 술 후 동종수혈량을 감소시킨다

임수재 ( Soo Jae Yim ),이상혁 ( Sang Hyok Lee ),장문석 ( Mun Suk Jang ),송현석 ( Hyun Seok Song ),윤준희 ( Joon Hee Yoon ) 대한슬관절학회 2011 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.23 No.1

목적: 양측 슬관절 전치환술에서 자가수혈장치를 사용한 경우 수술 후 출혈량과 동종수혈 요구량을 얼마나 감소시킬 수 있는지에 대해 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 1월부터 2010년 5월까지 본원에서 양측 슬관절 전치환술을 연속적으로(sequential) 시행받은 95명의 환자들 중 자가수혈장치를 사용하지 않은 50명의 환자들(제1군)과 자가수혈장치를 사용한 45명의 환자들(제2군)에서 출혈량 및 동종 수혈량을 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 1군에서는 수술 후 혈색소 수치를 기준으로 하여 동종수혈을 시행하였으며, 2군에서는 수술 후 자가수혈장치에 모인 혈액을 재 주입한 후 혈색소 수치를 기준으로 하여, 다시 동종수혈을 시행하였다. 환자의 의무 기록을 조사하여 총 실혈량, 총 수혈량 등을 확인하였으며 이러한 인자들과 환자의 동종수혈량과의 상관관계를 통계학적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 총 실혈량과 수혈량은 양 군에서 거의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 평균 동종수혈량은 1군에서 1,270.0mL, 2군에서 564.4 mL고, 이는 2군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<0.05). 결론: 연속적인 양측성 슬관절 전치환술에서 자가수혈장치를 이용한 경우 동종수혈량의 필요성과 양을 줄일 수 있었다. Purpose: This study examined the difference in the reduction of the amount of required allogenic transfusion after bilateral total knee arthroplasty when an autotransfusion device was used. Materials and Methods: The subjects were ninety five patients who underwent sequential bilateral total knee arthroplasty from January 2006 to May 2010 by one surgeon. The first group was 50 patients who did not have an autotransfusion device used and second group of 45 patients were those who had an autotransfusion device used during the postoperative period. Group 1 received allogenic blood transfusion with a standard level of postoperative hemoglobin. The group 2 patients were reinfused with as much blood as was collected by an autotransfusion suction bag and then they received allogenic blood transfusion with a standard level of postoperative hemoglobin. Results: The total blood loss and amount of blood transfusion were almost the same in the two groups. The mean amount of allotransfusion was 1,270.0 mL in group 1 and 564.4 mL in group 2 and the reduced amount of allotransfusion in group 2 was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using an autotransfusion device is a good method to reduce the mean amount of allotransfusion after bilateral sequential total knee arthroplasty.

고령의 골다공증 환자에서 순차적으로 발생한 양측 고관절 주위 골절

임수재 ( Soo Jae Yim ),서유석 ( Yu Seok Seo ),이상혁 ( Sang Hyok Lee ),안중현 ( Joong Hyun Ahn ) 대한고관절학회 2012 Hip and Pelvis Vol.24 No.4

대퇴 중둔근 건에 발생한 석회화건염의 보존적 치료의 효과

임수재 ( Soo Jae Yim ),장문석 ( Mun Suk Jang ),이상헌 ( Sang Hun Lee ),이상혁 ( Sang Hyok Lee ),강희경 ( Hee Kyung Kang ) 대한스포츠의학회 2011 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Calcific tendinitis on gluteus medius tendon of the amateur athletes were reviewed, and a study on the therapeutic effect of conservative treatment methods. From January 2003 to December 2010, among the patients who had been treated with calcific tendinitis on gluteus medius tendon, there were nine patients available to monitor more than a year as outpatients. ten cases were observed from them and were retrospectively analyzed and magnetic resonance examinations were performed in every case. All of the ten cases were initially treated with non-steroid anti-inflammatory oral doses. If a non-steroid anti-inflammatory treatment could not relieve pain or caused an aggravation of a condition, a local steroid injection was enforced. There were responses to non-steroid antiinflammatory oral doses of therapeutic methods in four cases and the time required for the symptoms to be improved was approximately 3 weeks (range: 1-3 weeks). In the remainder of six cases, conditions got worsened or did not improve even after 3 weeks. In these cases, the condition was altered for better in 3 days (range: 1-3 days) by using local steroid injections. There was no recurrence in all cases. The amateur athlete with a severe pain around his or her hip joint should be questioned with calcific tendinitis on gluteus medius tendon and differential diagnosis of hip around diseases. After calcific tendinitis was diagnosed, initial treatment was considered conserevative treatment. Although it is invasive, the initial treatment with a local steroid injection is considered to be helpful in treating amateur athletes with calcific tendinitis.

세라믹-세라믹 관절면을 이용한 고관절 전치환술: 5년 중기 추시결과

임수재 ( Soo Jae Yim ),장문석 ( Mun Suk Jang ),윤준희 ( Joon Hee Yoon ),이상혁 ( Sang Hyok Lee ),강희경 ( Hee Kyung Kang ) 대한고관절학회 2011 Hip and Pelvis Vol.23 No.4

목적: 세라믹에서 나타나는 강성 성질을 완화하여 세라믹-세라믹 관절면에서 나타나는 합병증을 시멘트형 대퇴 스템을 사용함으로써 감소 시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각하여 중기 추시의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2004년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 시멘트형, 무 시멘트형 고관절 전치환술을 시행하고 5년 이상 추시 가능하였던 각각 30명 32예와 31명 33예를 대상으로 임상적 평가와 방사선학적 평가를 시행하였다. 결과: Harris 점수와 WOMAC 점수는 시멘트형 군과 무 시멘트형 군에서 수술 전 보다 최종 추시상 모두 향상되었다(P<0.05). 그러나 Harris 점수나 WOMAC 점수의 시멘트형과 무 시멘트형 간의 증가에 대한 특이한 차이는 없었다(P=0.304, P=0.769). 무 시멘트형 군에서만 보행 시 발생한 고관절부 불편감 3예, 대퇴부 통증 5예가 있었다. 양군에서 비구 컵의 골성 고정을 얻었고, 삽입물의 이동소견은 보이지 않았다. 시멘트형 군에서 대퇴 스템의 침강은 30예서 1 mm이내, 2예에서 2 mm 이내였으며, 무 시멘트형 군의 모든 예에서 대퇴 스템의 골성 고정을 얻었다. 결론: 세라믹-세라믹 관절면을 이용한 무 시멘트형과 시멘트형 고관절 전치환술의 중기 추시 결과는 통계학적으로 효과를 얻을 수 없었다. Purpose: We believe that cemented femoral stems will relieve the stiffness of ceramic-based bearings, resulting in reduced complication of ceramic-on-ceramic bearing total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the midterm effect of ceramic-on-ceramic bearing THA using cemented femoral stems. Materials and Methods: We studied 32cases (30 patients) of THA using ceramic-on-ceramic bearing cemented femoral stems and 33 cases (31 patients) of THA using ceramic-on-ceramic bearing cementless femoral stems. All total hip arthroplasties were performed between January 2004 and December 2005 and were followed up for more than 5 years. The clinical results and radiographic results were evaluated. Results: The mean HHS improved from points pre-operatively to points at the last follow-up in both the cemented and cementless stem groups (P<0.05). The mean WOMAC score also improved from points pre-operatively to points at the last follow-up in both the cemented and cementless stem groups (P<0.05). But no statistically significant difference was noted between the cemented and cementless stem groups in HHS and WOMAC scores (P=0.304, P=0.769). There were 3 patients with a sense of discomfort on ambulation and 5 patients with thigh pain in the cementless stem group and no cases in the cemented stem group. There was no instance of acetabular loosening in either group. Subsidenc of the cemented femoral stem was less than 1mm in 30 cases and less than 2 mm in 2 cases. All cementless femoral stems acquired firm bony union. Conclusion: Midterm results showed no statistical links between ceramicon-ceramic-bearing THA using cemented femoral stems or cementless femoral stems.

Wilder의 연극주의 이론과 그 기법 연구 : Our Town과 The Skin of Our Teeth를 중심으로

李相赫 尙志大學校 英文學 1992 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

Williams 극에 나타난 현실과 환상의 주제 : The Glass Menagerie 를 중심으로

이상혁 한국강원영어영문학회 1996 영어영문학 Vol.15 No.2

In the history of American theatre, Tennessee Williams is acknowledged as the most important playwright of the postwar generation despite the critical comment that his story is so private that his realm of work is limited. Williams, with Arthur Miller, determines the earliest directions of American drama and dominates its stage for well over a decade until the late Fifties. In his plays Williams, having both the sensibility of a poet and the acute observation of a realist, exposes the distorted mentality of human beings suffering despair and frustration under various restraints residing in the modern society. Therefore, most of his plays end tragically. All of Williams' protagonists and many of his subsidiary characters are outsiders. unable and unwilling to conform to the dull or cruel world in which they find themselves. In order to escape from that world. they turn to the world of illusion, especially concerned with their personal pasts or the historical past of the South. They, inevitably. make an attempt to replace their present reality with the illusion of the past, but they are victimized by their illusions, which are largely fabricated by their imaginations. Consequently, Williams looks upon illusion as a kind of trap and demonstrates the futility of attempting to transcend reality and time. Williams' major plays demonstrate that such illusions can very easily mislead a character into committing to values that either contravene social or his own individual reality. The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate, in The Glass Menagerie, that the conflict between illusion and reality is the central recurring theme of Williams throughout most of his works, and to examine the path of frustration and ruin of Williams' characters in that conflict. Whether operating as a false way of escape or a persistent oppressor, the illusion for Williams' characters is a harmful factor that continues to affect their present and future lives. At last, it may be given as a conclusion that Williams' outsider in the conflict between illusion and reality symbolizes the modern man who, feeling a sense of alienation in the industrial society of the 20th century, tries to find his own self and the meaning of his existence.

언어게임을 통해서 본 실존의 문제 : " 로젠크란츠와 길덴스턴 죽다 " 를 중심으로 Focused on Stoppard's Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead

이상혁,김미경 한국강원영어영문학회 1999 영어영문학 Vol.18 No.1

Tom Stoppard is one of the most representative dramatists leading the modern British drama. He is regarded as an important follower of Harold Pinter. One of his major works, Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead, is a play about searching for meaningful identity in this complicated and absurd world. Alternatively, Wittgenstein, one of the most distinguished modern philosophers has a deep concern about the relationship of language and the real world. In his early writing period, he thought there was a logical resemblance between language and the real world. Just as a picture tells about a certain situation, and a note constitutes music, so language represents the real world, he reasoned. And this was called a `Picture Theory'. But Wittgenstein's early thought has since changed. He has begun to focus on the use of everyday words, and he has invented a `Language Game Theory', which refers to every language and language-related activities. Through this language game, one can remove the philosophical puzzles that have tormented people for a long time. For example, when philosophical words confronted with metaphysical words, most abuse philosophical puzzles because they cannot be described concretely. But when using language games, they can get rid of abstract ambiguity and thereby recover the real meaning of the metaphysical words. In this paper, we use Wittgenstein's language game theory to examine Rosencrantz and Guildenstern's search for identity. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are initially minor characters in Shakespeare's Hamlet. But Stoppard draws out Shakespeare's characters to place them at the center of his work, and thereby makes them find the meaning of their own existence. In Stoppard's play, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are first playing with a coin, then with a question and answer game, and finally with a role playing as his story unfolds. In the course of using different language games, they recognize that they are only framed in a part of Hamlet, and they realize their fates are limited to those characters in Hamlet. Consequently, they will die within Hamlet.