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이분희 ( Yi Boonhee ) 한국불교미술사학회 2018 강좌미술사 Vol.51 No.-
The Golgul cave in Shilla is a cave which represents Korean cave temples along with Seokgulam. This study investigated the origins of the Golgul cave by comparing the Golgul cave with the Kondane cave, which is considered to be one of the most important caves in India. Of course, the construction timing of the two caves is quite different, and the early caves, the Kondane cave enshrining a Stupa and the Golgul cave which enshrine the Buddha statue, reflect the difference of the times. However, these two caves have a common point in the structure of a stone cave which is an excavation cave made by using a natural cave, and the similarity can be found, such as its relevance to wooden architecture. The Kondane Cave is a representative cave which shows the composition of the early Indian cave built around the first century BC. Chaitya cave is represented by a U-shaped horseshoeshaped planar structure, an octagonal column with a brief structure surrounding the stupa, and a large arch window that forms the walls of the cave entrance, as well as various designs and figure statues reflecting wooden buildings. The Vihara cave has a typical early Vihara cave style, with a wide courtyard, a pillar on the veranda on its front, and six solitary rooms each on three sides. The Golgul cave and the Kondane cave have a common point in that the basic plane of the Chaitya cave consists of a U-shaped horseshoe-shaped plane and has wooden furniture on the front. It is also the case that the structure of the cave is made up of several Vihara caves in one Chaitya cave. The biggest difference, however, is that the Kondane Cave only encircles the Stupa inside the Chaitya cave, while the Golgul cave encircles the Buddha statue inside the cave. In contrast, while the Vihara cave of the Kondane stone cave has a pillar on the veranda and a square type of Vihara cave, the difference of the Vihara cave of the Golgul cave is that it uses natural caves placed all over the rock wall of the cave. A comparison of these two caves reveals how the Indian cave temple influenced the construction of the cave temples in Korea. The origins of the Golgul cave can be found in the early cave of India, but it can be seen that due to the periodic difference and the natural environmental factors of the Golgul cave, it formed a unique cave temple in Korea.
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