이정수의 1811년 연행과 대외 인식의 노정

이명제(Lee, Myung-jae) 한국사학회 2016 史學硏究 Vol.0 No.123

명청교체 이후 조선 지식인들은 조선을 중화문명의 유일한 계승자로 격상시키기 위해 다양한 노력들을 경주하였다. 조선 지식인들의 노력은 종족ㆍ지리ㆍ문화적 측면에서 중화의 지위를 획득하는 방식으로 이루어졌는데, 그 중에서도 문화적 측면에 가장 많은 노력을 기울였다. 또 다른 한편에서는 청을 어떻게 사유할 것인가에 대한 논의도 지속적으로 이어졌다. 하지만 중화문화를 내면화하는 문제가 비교적 순조롭게 진행된 것과 달리 청에 대한 인식의 차이는 커져만 갔다. 즉 청조의 치세가 안정 될수록 이념과 현실 사이에서 청을 사유하는 방식이 분화되기 시작한 것이다. 李鼎受(1783~1834)가 활동하였던 19세기 전반의 서울지역은 다양한 사유들이 충돌하던 시․공간이었다. 한편에서는 18세기 후반 청 문물의 수용을 주장하였던 북학파들의 영향력이 아직 남아있었지만, 다른 한편에서는 辛酉邪獄등을 통해 새로운 사상이 탄압당하고 외척 가문 중심의 권세가들이 정치적 주도권을 획득하고 있었다. 이정수는 18세기 조선 지식인들의 다양한 견해를 수용해서 자신만의 독특한 대청관을 내놓았다. 그는 우선 조선의 역사와 문화적 전통을 강조하는 한편 고조선의 지리적 강역을 공유하고 있었던 청과 경계 짓기를 시도하였다. 이를 통해 청은 ‘이적’으로서의 정체성을 부여받았다. 이적으로서의 청의 지위는 오삼계론을 통해 다시 한 번 확인되었다. 이정수는 송시열과 김창업, 그리고 일부 북학파에 의해 이루어진 오삼계에 대한 긍정과 청에 대한 이해를 강력하게 비판하였다. 하지만 세계질서에 대한 이정수의 이해는 전통적인 시각과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이정수는 외국조빙조에서 중국 정사 외국전의 전통에 따라 중국과 해외제국들에 대한 조공․책봉 관계를 강조하였던 것이다. 또한 이정수는 서역에 대한 강한 반감을 드러내었다. 그는 서양의 학문을 금수의 가르침이라고 표현하며 西洋禽獸論을 전개한다. 즉 이정수의 대외인식은 전통적인 중화와 이적의 구도가 여전히 큰 지분을 차지하고 있으며, 이것이 세계의 영역으로 확장되면서 儒學과 西學, 혹은 反儒學의 새로운 기준으로 전환됨을 알 수 있다. 이는 이정수의 문화적 화이관이 19세기 전반의 정치․사회적 상황과 긴밀한 연관을 맺으며 확장된 결과라고 이해할 수 있을 것이다. After the Ming-Qing transition, Chosun’s intellects made efforts to elevate Chosun as the only successor of Chinese civilization. Their efforts were made in a way to acquire the status of being China in racial, geographical, and cultural aspects, and among them, the utmost effort was made culturally. Meanwhile, they also discussed how to deem Qing continuously. Although the matter of internalizing Chinese culture proceeded rather smoothly, their awareness of Qing differed further. In other words, as the reign of Qing became stabilized, the way of deeming Qing between ideology and reality began to be divided. In Seoul during the beginning of the 19th century when Lee Jeong-soo (李鼎受: 1783~1834) worked actively, a variety of ideas conflicted. Even though Bukhak School insisting the acceptance of Qing’s civilization in the late 18th century was still influential, new ideas were suppressed through Sinyusaok (辛酉邪獄) or such and the powerful centered around the families of maternal relatives were obtaining the political lead. Lee Jeong-soo accepted diverse opinions from Chosun intellects in the 18th century and presented his own unique view to Qing. First of all, he emphasized Chosun’s history and cultural tradition, and then, he tried setting boundary from Qing which was sharing territory with Gochosun geographically. Through this, Qing was assigned with its identity as ‘ijeok’. Qing’s status as ijeok was once again verified by Osamgyeron. Lee Jeong-soo did severely criticize the affirmation of Osamgye practiced by Song Siyeol and Kim Changeop and some of the Bukhak School members and reconsideration on understanding of Qing. However, Lee Jeong-soo’s understanding of world order was not very different from the traditional viewpoint. Lee Jeong-soo did stress the relations of jogong․installation towards China and foreign empires according to the tradition of political affairs to China in Oegukjobingjo. Also, Lee Jeong-soo revealed his severe hostility against the West. Insisting that Western sciences are the teachings of birds and beasts, he developed Seoyanggeumsuron (西洋禽獸論). In brief, Lee Jeong-soo’s awareness of foreign countries was still significantly grounded on the traditional structure of China and igeok, and when this is extended to the scope of the world, it is converted to the new criteria of Confucianism (儒學), Seohak (西學), and anti-Confucianism (反儒學). This can be understood as the result of Lee Jeong-soo’s cultural Hwaigwan closely associated with the political and social situations of the early 19th century and becoming extended.

나말려초 (羅末麗初) 성주지방의 호족세력

이명식(Myung Sik Lee) 대구사학회 2001 대구사학 Vol.65 No.1

It might be at the age of Queen Chinseong that the present 5eongju District began to be freed from the rule of the Central Government. And then, it might be inferred, when Later Packjae attacked and occupied 10 castles or so south of II-sung Commencery at the 11th year of King Hyogong, that Seongju began to be influenced by Later Packjae. At that time, however, Later Packjae was unable to keep on holding the territory which it took from Sillla, so the present Seongju District was ruled by the lord who extended his power and called himself a General. After that, it is obvious that Seongju District was influenced againby Later Packjae from about 4th year of King Kyoungmyoung(920 A.D.), equal to the period when Koryeo and Later Packjae was in the rivals each other. But Seongju became to be under the rule of Korea, aftert Ryangmun, General of Pyuckjin Comrnendery, yielded to Koryung in the ?th year of King Kyoungmyoung(924). In the first year of King, Kyoungae(924), Koryeo and Later Packjae committed a battle for a long period at Jomoo Castle, and General Lee in Later Packjae, local gentry in Seongju District, yielded to Koryeo, which turned the battle favorable to Koryeo. After the Battle of Gongsan, offering a route of retreat to King, Wang Keon who lost in the battle, he contributed much to King, Wang Keon, On one hand, when Lee Chong-eon, General of Pyuckjin Commendery, fought against Koryeo at the Battle of Chomul Castle, his son, Lee Young joined in the battle and served greatly to gain victory for Koryeo. King, Wang Keon rewarded him far his distinguished services at the battle, and appointed him as General Boneup and as Samjungdaekwang. What Lee Neung-il had achieved, can be revealed from a lot off history books written at the middle period of Lee Dynasty, but his name, life and achievements are not written in the Samgaoksaki and Koryeosa which are the basic historical materials. Therefore, the writer concluded that Lee Neung-il might be considered as Lee Neung-mun who can be traced and identified from the basic historical documents, who yielded to Koryeo in the second year of King Kyoungae(925) and was appointed as Seangsangun and ruled Kyaungsan Commendery.

다양한 형태의 버너를 이용한 수증기개질기의 고효율화 연구

이명용(Myeong-yong Lee),이지홍(Ji-hong Lee),이상석(Sang-seok Lee),이진석(Jin-seok Lee),이도형(Do-hyung Lee) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.11

The purpose of this study is to develop a highly-efficient and compact steam reformer for PEMFC changing the burner types. For the purpose some of the Can type flat burners were adopted and the results were compared with 'O' company's typical cylinderical flat burner. We used commercial STAR-CD tools for numerical calculation. We found the optimum Can type STR burner and this type of burner was highly efficient comparing with typical burner.

한국전통 김치의 다양화 및 세계화를 위한 스페인인의 기호도 조사연구

이명기 ( Myung Ki Lee ),장대자 ( Dai Ja Jang ),양혜정 ( Hye Jung Yang ),정자경 ( Ja Kyeong Jeong ) 한국식품조리과학회 2008 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This study was conducted to develop methods of promoting traditional Korean Kimchi globally. To accomplish this, 99 Spanish natives were surveyed for their sensory evaluation and awareness of Kimchi. The results revealed that a relatively high number (46.9%) of the respondents had eaten Korean Kimchi. After eating the Kimchi, women tended to provide a slightly higher overall acceptability than men. Furthermore, when the overall sensory evaluation was conducted, the characteristics of Kimchi that were most recognized were its red color, spicy smell and hot taste. In addition, 93.9% of the respondents said that Korean Kimchi was a suitable food based on its spicy flavor>chewing force>appearance>red color>fermented smell. However, 6.1 percent of the subjects responded that they did not find Kimchi appetizing due to its hot taste>fermented smell>chewing force. Interestingly, the hot taste was a common selection for the reason that individuals liked or disliked Kimchi. When ranked among traditional Spanish foods, Kimchi was reportedly similar to cooked cabbage, cooked bell peppers, cooked red peppers and Moheu ppikan, pickles, Spanish lettuce, chiseutora and oil pickled cheese, or to various vegetables pickled in vinegar. Taken together, the results of this study should facilitate the globalization of Kimchi. In addition, the findings of this study provide fundamental data that should assist in the development of a local style of Kimchi for Spain.

프레팅 조건에 따른 실리콘 웨이퍼의 마찰 및 마모 특성에 관한 연구

이명관(Myumg-Kwan Lee),김대은(Dae-Eun Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2024 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2024 No.10

학교모래놀이 집단상담이 초등학교 저학년의 정서·행동 문제에 미치는 효과

이명복(Myoung-Bok Lee),김은정(Eun-Jung Kim) (사)한국학교공공모래놀이학회 2020 학교상담 및 모래놀이 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구에서는 초등학교 저학년의 아동을 대상으로 학교모래놀이 집단상담을 실시하고 정서·행동문제에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. 연구대상은 천안시 소재 C초등학교 2학년 19명이었으며 단일집단 설계로 실험집단을 구성하고 2017년 9월 중반부터 12월 초까지 12주 동안 주 1회, 회기 당 40분씩, 총 10회기의 프로그램을 실시하였다. 효과 검증을 위해 한국청소년자기행동평가척도(K-YSR)를 사용하여 사전-사후 검사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 모수 검정 대응 표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 분석결과, 모래놀이 시행 후 Baseline에 비해 문제행동총점이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 문제행동 총점 중에서 내재화의 신체증상과 소척도 사고문제에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 학교모래놀이 집단상담이 초등학교 저학년의 정서문제에서 신체증상을 개선시키고 행동문제를 감소시키는데 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 추정된다. In this study, group counseling was conducted for low school children in elementary school, and the effects on emotional and behavioral problems were investigated. The subject of study was 19 students in the 2nd grade of C Elementary School in Cheonan-si and composed of a single group design and conducted a program of 10 sessions once a week, 40 minutes per session, for 12 weeks from mid-September to early December 2017. To verify the effectiveness, pre- and post-examination was conducted using the Korea Youth Self-Evaluation Scale (K-YSR). The collected data was analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 parameter test t-test, and the analysis showed that the total number of problem behaviors showed statistically significant difference compared to the baseline after sand play, and the physical symptoms of internalization among the total of problem behaviors. Socheokdo showed statistically significant differences in accident problems. These results suggest that school sand play group counseling has a positive effect on improving physical symptoms and reducing behavioral problems in elementary school s emotional problems.

김치 및 김치 이용 프랑스 요리에 대한 현지 프랑스인의 기호도 조사

이명기 ( Myung Ki Lee ),김은미 ( Eun Mi Kim ),이경개 ( Kyoung Kae Rhee ),장대자 ( Dai Ja Jang ) 한국식품조리과학회 2006 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.22 No.4

대학읽기-쓰기강좌에 대한 학생 요구도 조사

이명실 ( Myung Sil Lee ) 한국독서학회 2008 독서연구 Vol.0 No.19

The purpose of this study is to provide th basic sources for developing a general education curriculum for undergraduate students` “reading and writing” abilities. For this study research studies concerning reading and writing courses in general education curriculums were reviewed and students` perceptions of the courses, who were taking the courses in Sook-Myung Women`s University, were investigated. Findings showed that, first, there is a lack of studies on the ideas of reading and writing that can shape a theoretical framework for general education programs. Research studies have been conducted just focusing on the management of a general education curriculum including developing a administrative system, the selection of the course contents, and developing instructional methods; second, there is a short of empirical studies on how students perceive the courses they are taking which should be considered as one of the most important elements for designing a quality curriculum. Implications were discussed in terms of a need for further research regarding reading and writing courses` assessments and students` evaluations of the courses in order to provide students with what they need for a quality general education program.

체육전공대학생의 건강통제소재 및 심동적 과잉흥분성과 신체적 자기효능감간의 관계 연구

이명자(Myung Ja Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2013 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.54

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of th e health locus of control and psychomotor overexcitability on the physical self-efficacy of university students majoring in physical education. Participants for this study were 251 university students. For the statistical analyses, t-test, stepwise regression analysis, and structural equation modeling were used by using SPSS and AMOS. Male students showed higher degree in the psychomotor overexcitability and the physical self-efficacy than female students. On the perceived physical ability subfactor of the physical self-efficacy, the influence of the psychomotor overexcitability was statistically significant. On the physical self-presentation confidence subfactor of the physical self-efficacy, the influence of the chance locus of control and psychomotor overexcitability were statistically significant. Psychomotor overexcitability was a significant variable on the perceived physic al ability subfactor of the physical self-efficacy in both male and female students. On the physical self-presentation confidence subfactor of the physical selfefficacy, the influence of the chance locus of control and psychomotor overexcitability in male student and the chance locus of control and internal health locus of control in female student were statistically significant.

유아원 아동의 창의력과 수학개념의 성취에 대한 개방수업방식과 지시수업방식의 비교

이명조(Myoung Cho Lee) 한국아동학회 1989 兒童學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

This study compared the effects of open and directed teaching styles on creativity and mathematical achievement. The subjects were 32 three- and four-year-old children enrolled in the Home Economics Laboratory Nursery School at the University of Arkansas during the fall semester of 1987. In this study, the open teaching style was a child-oriented method of teaching with the help or guidance rather than the actual instruction of teacher, while the directed teaching style was a teacher-oriented method of teaching with actual instruction of the teacher. Forty-eight activities and materials relevant to mathematical concepts appropriately designed for the subjects were used. The nursery school children were divided into morning and afternoon groups. Utilizing a Latin square design, the children in the morning group were taught by the directed teaching style for four weeks followed by a three week period of no planned mathematical activities, then taught by the open teaching style for four weeks. The children in the afternoon group followed the same schedule except the open teaching style was first. At the end of the two four-week sessions of mathematics experiences Thinking Creatively in Action and Movement and selected items of Tests of Basic Experiences 2: Mathematics were administered. The scores of each of the two tests were analyzed using a t-test of dependent measures for the two teaching styles, the sex, and the age of the children. Children taught using the directed teaching style showed a significantly higher originality and mathematical achievement scores than those taught using the open teaching style. Differences for sex and age revealed that the directed teaching style was a significantly better method of instruction to foster the originality for boys and the mathematical achievement for four-year-old children.