액화천연가스 운반선(LNGC)의 발전 추세

이동섭,Lee, Dong-Sup 해양환경안전학회 2009 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

LNGC(Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier)의 역사는 1959년 $5,000m^3$ 급 LNG선 "Methane Pioneer"호를 시작으로 1969년에는 $71,500m^3$ 급, 1973년에는 Moss Type의 최초 LNG운반선 "Norman Lady($87,600m^3$)호, 1980년대 $125,000m^3$ 급을 시작으로 1990년대를 거처 $135,000m^3$ 급, 2007년 $210,000m^3$급 그리고 2008년에는 $266,000m^3$ 급의 초대형 액화천연가스 운반선이 출현하였다. 또한 2006년 11월에는 기존 내 외연 기관이 아닌 발전기 기동으로 Propeller를 움직이는 DFDE(Duel Fuel Diesel Electric)엔진, 육상의 Storage Tank를 생략한 기화설비를 갖춘 LNG-RV(Re-gasification Vessel)와 주 기관은 Slow Diesel을 택하고, 운항 중 발생하는 BOG(Boil Off Gas)를 재액화시키는 설비를 갖춘 DRL(Diesel Re-Liquefaction)선박 및 해상 LNG 생산 저장시설인 LNG-FPSO(Floating Production and Storage Offshore), 그리 고 해상 LNG 인수기지 역할을 하는 LNG-FSRU(Floating Store and Re-gasification Unit) 등이 개발되었다. 이 논문에서는 LNG Project, 전 세계 에너지 시장과 LNGC의 발전 추세에 대하여 다루었다. Recently, the construction of Liquefied Natural Gas Carriers(LNGC) is being promoted larger and larger depending on long voyage. In 1950 years, $5,000m^3$ class of LNGC had been changed to $71,500m^3$ class in 1973. and to $210,000-266,000m^3$ class in 2007. Especially, the system of main engines and cargo control, Re-liquefaction of natural gases have become possible in LNGC. This research deals with the LNG projects, world markets of energy and developing tendency of liquefied natural gas carriers.

삼림환경인자에 의한 굴참나무임분의 (林分) 생산력추정

이동섭,정영관 ( Dong Sup Lee,Young Gwan Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.75 No.1

This study was initiated to estimate productivity of Quereus variabilis stand. However the practical objective of this study was to provide some information to establish the basis of selecting the suitable site for Quercus variabilis. The productivity measured in terms of DBH, height, basal area and stem volume was hypothesized, respectively, to be a function of a group of factors. This study considered 32 factors, 20 of which were related to the forest environmental factors such as tree age, latitude, percent slope, etc. and the rest of which were related to soil factors such as soil moisture, total nitrogen, available P₂O_5, etc. The data on 4 productivity measurements of Quercus variabilis growth and related factors cited were collected from 99 sample plots in Kyeongbook and chungbook provinces. Some factors considered were, in nature, discrete variables and the others continuous variables. Each kind of factor was classified into 3 or 4 categories and total numbers of such categories were eventually amounted to 110. Then each category was treated as an independent variable. This is amounted to saying that individual variable was treated a dummy variable and assigned a value 1 or 0. However the first category of each factor was deleted from the normal equation for statistical consideration. First of all, each of 4 productivity measurements of Quercus variabilis growth was regressed and, at the same time, those 110 categories. Secondly, the partial correlation coefficients were measured between each pair of 4 productivity measurements and 32 individual foctors. Finally, the relative scores were estimated in order to derive the category ranges. The result of these statistical analyses could be summarized as follows: 1) Growth measurement in terms of height seems to be a more significant criterion for estimation of productivity of Quercus variabilis. 2) Productivity of forest on stocked land may better be estimated Sn terms of forest environmental factors, on the other hand, that of unstocked land may be estimated in terms of physio-chemical factors of soil. 3) The factors that a strongly positive relation to all growth factors of tree are age group, effective soil, soil moisture, etc. This implies that these factors might effectively be used for criteria for selecting the suitable site for Quercus vdriabilis. 4) Patent rock, latitude, total nitrogen, age group, effective soil depth, soil moisture, organic matter, etc., had more significant category range for tree growth. Therefore, the. suitable site for Quercus variabilis may be selected, based on this information. In conclusion, the above results obtained by the rnultivsriable analysis can be not only the important criteria for estimating the growth of Quercus variabilis but also the useful guidance for selecting the suitable sites and performing the rational of Quercus variabilis forest.

임목의 (林木) 개체간 경쟁효과 추정에 대한 고찰

이동섭,이여하 ( Dong Sup Lee,Yeo Ha Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.71 No.1

This study was carried out to know the difference in growth and degree of competition between individuals of thinned and unthinned larch stands. Annual increment and total growth were obtained from the cores sampled at breast height. The correlation between adjacent individual trees was investigated. 1) The correlation between radius growth and basal area was used to estimated the degree of competition among individual trees. 2) In estimating the degree of competition the correlation between two individual trees was better method than others. 3) Up to 9 years after planting no competition between individual trees occurred and the Night positive correlation was shown. 4) High degree of competition was observed at age of 10 years after the planting, as the correlation coefficient was getting smaller. 5) The degree of competition among individual trees increased with increase of the growth of total stand.

울릉 분지 저층수의 아질산염

이동섭,김일남,강동진,김동선,Lee, Tong-Sup,Kim, Il-Nam,Kang, Dong-Jin,Kim, Dong-Seon 한국해양학회 2007 바다 Vol.12 No.3

울릉분지의 일부 저층수에서 아질산염의 존재가 확인된 것은 용존산소가 매우 풍부한 환경에서 예상되지 않던 결과로서 괄목할만한 사실이었지만 과학적으로 설명되지 않았다. 오캄의 제안에 따르면 가능한 몇 가지 설명 가운데 대륙사면 표층 퇴적물 안에서 일어나는 탈질산화의 중간산물로써 해수로 유출되는 것이 제반 여건과 가장 잘 부합된다. 그런데 울릉분지에서는 이런 탈질산화에 따른 무기질소의 손실을 보상하는 특별한 방법이 존재하지 않은 것으로 보이며 이는 현재 심해수의 낮은 질소: 인의 비와 일맥상통한다. 여기에 열염순환을 약화시키는 온난화의 효과가 가중될 경우 현재의 생물펌프가 위축될지 또는 현재 식물플랑크톤 군집을 대체하는 새로운 군집으로 바뀌게 될지도 모른다. 그 경우 이는 동해 생태계가 직면하게 될 심각한 도전이 될 것이다. 한편으로는 수중에 산화제가 풍부함에도 불구하고 표층 퇴적물의 유기탄소함량이 아주 높게 나타나서 울릉분지에서 질소(유기물)의 순환에 대해 풀리지 않는 문제가 여전히 남아있다. Presence of bottom water nitrite in the Ulleung Basin was remarkable because it is totally unexpected phenomenon at such an oxygen-rich environment. Yet no scientific explanation was set forward. Of several plausible explanations, following the Ockham's suggestion, a leaching of nitrite as an intermediate product of denitrification in the top sediment at the slope is most agreeable to given environmental settings. There seems no complementary process to make up the loss of N in the Ulleung Basin, which seems contribute to the characteristically low N:P ratio in the deep waters. If warming proceeds that weakens the thermohaline circulation, a current biological pump may stall and the phytoplankton assemblage might replaced drastically. If so this will pause an utmost challenge to the ecosystem of the East/Japan Sea. Still there remains a contradictory sedimentary signature that requests further explanation regarding the N (or organic C)-cycle such as extraordinarily high organic carbon content despite abundant oxidants in the overlying waters.

부산항 방파제 진입항로의 강한 횡조류 환경에서 선속에 따른 조종자의 선박조종의 결과 검토

이동섭(Dong-Sup Lee),정태권(Tae-Gweon Jeong) 한국항해항만학회 2008 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.32 No.8

이 논문은 부산항 방파제 진입항로에서 강한 횡조류가 있는 경우 60,000 DWT의 파나막스 선박의 조종에 있어 선속에 따른 영향을 파악하기 위하여 3년 이상의 선장 경력을 가진 76명의 조종자가 선박조종 시뮬레이션을 실시하고 그 결과를 선박의 근접도, 계측, 제어도 계측, 조선자의 주관적 계측을 통하여 분석하기로 한다. 조류는 남서 방향, 2노트이고 독립 변수인 선속은 각각 5노트, 10노트로 한다. 시뮬레이션의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. ① 부산항 방파제 진입항로에서 선속 5노트인 경우 드리프트 앵글을 10' 이상으로 하는 것은 선수가 방파제 입구를 벗어나게 되므로 조종자는 심리적으로 이 각도 이상은 취하지 않는 경향이 있다. ② 선속 5노트에서의 경우가 선속 10노트보다 주관적 계측치, 선박의 근접도, 제어도가 상대적으로 크게 나타나고 있다. ③ 선박의 제어도 계측 항목을 무차원화하여 이를 단일 지표로 표시하는 방법을 제안하였다. In order to ascertain the effect of ship's speeds in maneuver under the condition of strong cross current in the breakwater channel of Busan port. this paper is to deal with the analyses of vessel proximity measures, vessel controllability measures, and ship handlers' subjective evaluation measures of simulated maneuvers, which were carried out by 76 ship handlers who conned Panamax bulk carrier of 60,000 DWT, The set and drift of current are southwesterly and 2 knots. The speeds of the model ship are 5 knots & 10 knots respectively. The followings are concluded ① In the approaches of the breakwater of Busan port, ship handlers psychologically tend not to give the drift angle of more than 10' because ship's head points out of the entrance. ② Ship handlers' subjective evaluation. vessel proximity and controllability measures are relatively larger under the speed of 5 knots than under that of 10 knots, due to direct pressure of strong current. ③ A single index of controllability measures was suggested, by removing their units.

Puritanism 의 일연구

이동섭(Dong Sup Lee) 한성사학회 1983 한성사학 Vol.1 No.-

N/A

속성수를 이용한 쓰레기 매립지 침출수의 중금속 및 유해성분의 흡수 , 제거 가능성

이동섭(Dong Sup Lee),우수영(Su Young Woo),김동근(Dong Geun Kim),김판기(Pan Gi Kim),권오규(Oh Kyu Kwon),배관호(Kwan Ho Bae),이은주(Eun Ju Lee) 한국농림기상학회 2001 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.3 No.2

Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica have been identified as possible species for use for phytoremediation of landfills. To identify the capacity of waste leachate absorption in Populus euramericana and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, four different treatments were applied to these seedlings: leachate solution (100% leachate), 50% dilution (50% leachate: 50% water, v/v) and 25% dilution (25% leachate: 75% water, v/v) were applied to these two species. After the experiment, concentrations of heavy metals in tree biomass were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma emission spectrometer (ICP). These two species can take up the hazardous parts of the leachate such as heavy metals. Especially, these species showed good absorption capacity of Al, Cr, and Fe elements. The result of this study suggested that these two species can take up the toxic materials through their roots and transport them to stems or leaves.

Oliver Cromwell 의 청교사상연구

이동섭(Dong Sup Lee) 한성사학회 1984 한성사학 Vol.2 No.-

N/A

Tudor 조 Mary 1 세의 반종교개혁론

이동섭(Dong Sup Lee) 한성사학회 1986 한성사학 Vol.4 No.-

N/A

펩티드가 제한된 상황에서 transgenic CD4 T 세포의 발달

이동섭(Dong-Sup Lee),이왕재(Wang Jae Lee) 대한해부학회 1999 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.32 No.5

MHC class II 분자의 펩티드결합과정에 관여하는 H2-M 분자의 다른 class II 분자에 대한 영향을 보고자 H2-M 결핍 H2- E transgenic 생쥐를 만들고, 이 생쥐의 H2-E 분자에 결합된 자기펩티드의 다양성 여부를 규명하고자 AND -> H2-M 결핍 H2-E transgenic 생쥐 골수잡종 (bone marrow chimera)을 만들어서 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. H2-M 결핍 H2-E transgenic 생쥐의 경우는 정상의 B6와 유사한 가슴샘세포의 비율을 보여서 CD4/CD8 비율이 2 정도 되었으며 double positive 인 미성숙 가슴샘세포가 약 85%의 비율을 차지하였다. 2. H2-M 결핍 H2-E transgenic 생쥐의 경우는 말초 림프절에서도 정상 B6와 유사한 비율을 보여서 CD4 세포가 CD8 세포 보다 1.5~2배 정도 많았다. 3. AND -> H2-M+/- H2-E transgenic 생쥐 골수잡종의 경우 가슴샘에서 발달하는 CD4 세포의 비율이 정상의 AND transgenic 생쥐의 경우와 비슷하였다. 4. AND -> H2-M 결핍 H2-E transgenic 생쥐 골수잡종의 경우는 B6 환경의 AND transgenic 생쥐나 AND -> H2-M+/- H2-E transgenic 생쥐 골수잡종과 비교하면 덜 효과적인 CD4 세포의 발달을 보였으나 상당한 양의 transgenic CD4 세포가 발달하였다. 이는 H2-M 결핍상태에서도 H2-E 분자는 상당한 양의 자기펩티드를 결합하고 있어서 AND CD4 세포의 발달을 보조한 결과로 생각되었다. In order to investigate the role of H2-M molecule on class II molecule other than H2-Ab we made H2-M deficient H2-E transgenic mice and to see the peptide diversity on H2-E molecule in these mice, we contructed AND -> H2- M deficient H2-E transgenic bone marrow chimeras. The results were as followings. 1. The phenotype of thymus of H2-M deficient H2-E transgenic mice showed similar CD4 and CD8 single positive thymocyte amount as normal wild type B6 mice with CD4/CD8 ratio around 2. The percentage of double positive cells were about 85%. 2. In the periphery, H2-M deficient H2-E transgenic mice also showed similar amount of CD4 and CD8 cells as normal wild type B6 mice. The CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.5~2. 3. The development of transgenic CD4 cells from AND -> H2-M+/- H2-E transgenic bone marrow chimera was similar to wild type AND transgenic mice. 4. The development of transgenic CD4 cells from AND -> H2-M deficient H2-E transgenic bone marrow chimera was reduced compared to wild type AND transgenic mice or AND -> H2-M+/- H2-E transgenic bone marrow chimeras. But the amount of CD4 cells developed in these chimeras were significant and H2-E molecule could bind some self peptides in the absence of H2-M molecules and support the CD4 cell development in these chimeras.