면양에서 짚 - 계분싸일레지의 영양소 이용율과 무기물의 균형에 관한 연구

이남형,윤칠석,김창원,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chil Suk Yoon,Chang Won Kim,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was carried out to study on the nutrient utilization and mineral balance of straw-manure silage in sheep. Four sheep averaging 40 ㎏ were used in a digestibility and mineral (Ca, P, Na, K, S, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn) balance trial by 4x4 Latin square design. The four rations tested contained; 1) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-wet layer`s manure silage; 2) 4% NaOH treated barley husk-wet layer`s manure silage; 3) formula feed plus chopped rice straw (50:50 W/W); 4) formula feed plus 4% NaOH treated rice straw-layer`s manure silage (50:50 W/W on the ADM basis). The content of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc of layer`s manure were 9.62%, 2.63%, 0.57%, 3.43%, 0.52%, 1.38%, 1300 ppm, 26 ppm and 270 ppm on the dry matter basis, respectively. The content of crude fiber, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), mineral content except calcium in the rice straw-layer`s manure silage and barley husk-layer`s manure silage were similar. Daily dry matter intake, apparent digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) or metabolizable energy (ME) in formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group were significantly improved as compared with other ration feeding group (P$lt;0.01). Digestible crude protein, TDN value, DE and ME of barley husk-:manure silage were determined as 7.46%, 58.21%, 1776 Kcal/ ㎏ and 1456 Kcal/㎏, respectively, while those of rice straw-manure silage were determined as 5.44%, 55.27%, 1356 Kcal/㎏ and 1112 Kcal/ ㎏, respectively. The nutrient availability in formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was significantly decreased as compared with other feeding group (P$lt;0.01). It was observed that positive mineral balance was shown with addition of formula feed to rice straw-manure silage (50:50 W/VW) except of sulfur balance. The formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was in negative mineral balance on essential elements such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The balance of P, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Cu between rice straw-manure silage feeding group and barley husk-manure silage feeding group was shown similar trend except calcium, sulfur and zinc. Especially, sodium and potassium in both silage was negative balance in spite of higher intake of sodium and potassium due to increase urinary excretion. S/N ratio in rice straw-manure silage, barley husk-manure silage, formula feed plus chopped rice straw or formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage were calculated as 0.09, 0.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively. The interaction of sulfur and nitrogen on the utilization of nutrient in this balance trial was not clear but it may be explained a negative balance of sulfur in barley husk-manure silage and formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group due to the lower S/N ratio as compared with rice straw-manure silage and formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group.

보리짚의 사료가치증진에 관한 연구 제1보 화학적 , 물리적 , 처리가 보리짚의 소화율에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,정창조,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chang Cho Choung,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Present experiment was carried out to study the effects of chemical or physical treatment on the digestibility of barley straw. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The content of NDF and ADF was not different between rice and barley straw. The content of indigestible components (lignin and silica) in barley hull was lower than the barley and rice straw. 2. In vivo dry matter digestibility and TDN value in the alkaline treated barley straw was improved as sodium hydroxide level increased (0%, 2%, 4%). Feeding value of steam-alkaline treated straw was higher than the non-steam alkaline treated straw (Table 3) 3. When molasses and tallow were added in at 10 and 3% respectively to increase the energy content of barely hull 40% base pellet diet, TDN value was comparable with commercially available compound feed (TDN 75.6), but TDN-feed cost relative inlet was 88% of the compound feed. As increasing the level of tallow over 3%, feeding the barley-hull base diet became less favorable due to the poor acceptability.

볏짚의 사료가치 증진에 관한 연구 제2보 발효 볏짚 사료가 비유우의 산우량에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.5

A feeding experiment was conducted for 2 months to evaluate the nutritive value of either fermented or alkali treated rice straw for lactating dairy cattle. Twelve mature Holstein cows were divided into 3 groups according to their age, body weight and previous production record. They were, then randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Three treatments consisted of control, fermented and, alkali treaty group. The control diet was 100% formula feed while the experimental diets were consisted of 85% formula feed plus either of 15% fermented or alkali treated rice straw on the dry weight basis. All animals were fed identical roughages according to NRC standard. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Average daily milk production for control, fermented and alkali straw groups were 15.8, 16.0 and 16.1 ㎏, respectively. 2. Feed costs per ㎏ of milk produced were estimated to be 40.1 won for the control, 38.7 won for the fermented and 36.8 won for the alkali treated straw group. These differences were not statistically significant.

볏짚 - 계분 싸일레지 급여가 한우의 비육능력에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw-manure silage containing ryegrass forage, corn meal, or raw rice bran on the fattening performance of Korean cattle at farm condition. Nine Korean bulls with mean weight of 230㎏ were used for the trial from August, through November 1979 in Ansong villege, Kyong Ki province. The results obtained are as follows 1. Proximate composition, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and hemicellulose content showed little differences between straw-manure silage containing ryegrass forage and corn meal. However, crude protein, crude fat and volatile fatty acid content of straw-manure silage containing raw rice bran was higher than others. Analysis of silage with raw rice bran showed 4.15% of crude protein, 2.74% of crude fat, 1.15% acetic acid and 2.04% of lactic acid. All alkali treated straw-manure silages are high in butyric acid and propionic acid. pH values in the silages with raw rice bran, ryegrass forage and corn meal are 5.42, 5.83, and 5.58, respectively. 2. In the feeding trial, the animals receiving. straw-manure silage with ryegrass forage showed best performance with daily gain of 1.38㎏ arid feed efficiency of 5.51. However, the groups receiving. the straw-manure silage with corn meal or rice bran revealed daily gain of 1.16 or 1.29㎏ while the feed efficiency was 6.54 and 6.04, respectively.

보리짚의 사료가치 증진에 관한 연구 제2보 보릿짚 싸이레지가 한우의 성장능력에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수,정창조,육종융 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim,Chang Cho Choung,Chong Yung Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1978 한국축산학회지 Vol.20 No.2

Two experiments were carried out to study the feeding value of barley straw silage for Korean cattle. For the first feeding trial, it was conducted for 100 days to evaluate the growing performance in twenty bulls with 150㎏ body weights and barley straw silage with alkaline treatment was substituted with wheat bran at the level of 10%, 20%, 30% on the dry basis. Far the second feeding trial, it was conducted for 90 days to evaluate the growing performance in 24 bulls with 200㎏ body weights, and barley straw silage was substituted with wheat bran at the level of 20% and 30% on the dry basis. In this trial the alkaline treated straw was once neutralized before the silage. Each experiment also included the treatment which raw barley straw with grinding was replaced for wheat bran at 20% level. The results obtained was summarized as fellows: 1. In the first feeding trial, the barley straw silage group responded favorably over the ground raw straw fed group but shored less body weight gain and the TDN intake was less compared with control group, decreasing as to increase the level of silage incorporation. But it was not significantly differences between control and silage groups. 2. In the second feeding trial, it was resulted in more weight gain and better feed efficiency of the straw silage group over the control (P$lt;0.01). Therefore, the alkaline treated barley straw which was once acid-neutralized before the ensilage was improved over the previous non-neutralized silage.

면양에서 볏짚 - 가축분싸일레지의 소화율과 질소균형에 관한 연구

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was conducted to use broiler litters and pig manure as alternatives of layer`s manure for making straw-manure silage as well as to determine the digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep fed rice straw-livestock manure silage. Four sheep averaging 30 kg were used in a digestibility and nitrogen balance trial by 4x4 Latin square design. The four rations tested contained; 1) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-wet layer`s manure silage, 2) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-broiler litters silage, 3) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-pig manure silage, 4) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-dried layer`s manure silage. The pH of the silage containing wet layer`s manure, broiler litters, pig manure and dried layer`s manure was 4.83, 5.16, 4.64 and 4.82 at the 40 days of ensiling, respectively. The acetic acid production of straw-manure silage with wet layer`s manure and pig manure was major dominant acid whereas the acetic acid and lactic acid production in the straw-broiler litters silage and straw-dried layer`s manure silage became equally dominant. The total acids of silage with broiler litters and pig manure were 7.41% and 2.49%, respectively. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar in the lambs receiving the straw-manure silage regardless of type of manure included. The apparent digestibility of crude protein in the silage containing dried layer`s manure was significantly lower than the silages of pig manure, broiler litters and wet layer`s manure (P$lt;0.05). There was little differences in nitrogen balance. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) value of straw-manure silage containing wet layer`s manure, broiler litters, pig manure and dried layer`s manure was determined as 53.36%, 54.50%. 53.57% and 49.86% respectively.

소맥부 대신 옥수수와 생미강을 첨가시 볏짚 - 계분싸일레지의 질에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw-manure silage containing the Association of Official Analytical Chemists dry matter digestibility as well as the effects of two different moisture levels (46% and 66%) upon the silage-making. The results obtained are as follows : 1. In vivo dry matter digestibility of silage products ranged from 57 to 60% but failed to show significant differences among the different silage products. 2. Response to the different moisture contents (46% vs 66%) was not evident, and little statistical differences were noted on neither the chemical composition nor the digestibility.

볏짚 - 계분 싸일레지와 대맥을 급여한 면양의 제 1 위내에서의 미생물 단백질 합성 효율

이남형(Nam Hyung Lee),윤칠석(Chil Surk Yoon),김춘수(Chun Su Kim) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.8

Three sheep fitted with rumen cannulae and abomasal cannulae were given daily 750g (DM) of three diets consisting of straw-manure silage and barley mixture in the ratios of 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75. As the proportion of barley in the diet increased, there was an increase in the amount of OM apparently digested in the rumen and whole tract (p$lt;.01). But ADF digestion was decreased. For the 25:75 diet the NH₃-N content in the rumen showed the highest value, but the total VFA was the lowest. The rumen volume and dilution rate increased with increasing ratio of silage in diets. There were no significant differences between diets in abomasal NAN flow, and the bacterial-N for the 25:75 diet was 7.3g-N as compared with 9.2-9.6g-N for the other diets (p$lt;.01). Rates of bacterial nitrogen synthesis in the rumen were 30.5, 24.1 and 14.98 per Kg OM apparently digested in the rumen for the 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 diets, respectively.

고구마의 사료화에 관한 연구 2 . 양계사육 시험

김춘수,이남형 ( Chun Su Kim,Nam Hyung Lee ) 한국축산학회 1976 한국축산학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Nutritional aspects deeding the sweet potato, being processed by physical means of pressing and drying, were examined for the place of yellow-corn with chicks. Prior to the feeding trials, chemical compositions including vitamin and mineral contents, and amino-acid profiles of respective potatoes samples were analysed. Metabolizability of experimental samples were also included in this study. 1. For the first feeding trial of broiler starter, potatoes (pressed or not pressed) anal whole potato (root to leaf and stem ratio in 2 : 1 or 4 : 1) were substituted with corn meal at 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% levels on an air dried weight to weight basis. The weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of control group were superior over the sweet potatoes groups and it was observed that the effect of weight gain was decreasing with increasing the substitutional levels of the potatoes in all treatments, but upto 10% substitution levels, little significant difference was observed between control and experiment groups. The metabolizable energy value of potatoes (pressed) and whole potato (root to leap and stem ratio in 3 : 1) were estimated as 2,538 ㎉ and 2,406 ㎉ per kilogram respectively. However, the feed cost required per ㎏. weight gain was less for the 20% (potatoes pressed) and the 10% (whole potatoes) groups compared to that of control. 2. In subsequent feeding trial on the broiler starter. The samples of potato (with or without steamed) were substituted with corn meal at the same levels as was in the first feeding trial. For the weight gain as well as feed efficiency, the potato groups of both with or without steamed was inferior to that of control group but differences were not significant among the groups. The metabolizable energy value of steamed potato was estimated as 3,100㎉/㎏., higher than the pressed one, but the estimated production cost was higher than the control group. 3. As for the starting chicks, the whole sweet potato, being hot sir dried, was substituted with corn meal upto 20% on an air dried weight to weight basis. It was observed that overall growing performance was also decreased with increasing the levels of potato but upto 10% level, little statistical difference was also observed among the roups. 4. In the hen-day egg production, egg weight and feed efficiency, the performence of experimental groups in the first trial were favorable over the control group, and this results indicate that the whole potatoes can be in corporated in laying rations up to 14% in replacing corn, and the substitution of corn with potatoes was also proved to be economically feasible. Such favorable results of feeding the potato for the place of corn was also confirmed by subsequent trial on laying hen.

부로일러에서 피혁분의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구

김춘수,이남형 ( Chun Su Kim,Nam Hyung Lee ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Trials have been conducted to determine the acceptability of hydrolyzed leather meal (HLM) in the broiler diets. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The crude protein and ash content of HLM was found to be respectively 66.65 and 14.45 percent. Also, glycine and methionine content was 17.05 and 0.26 percent. 2. There was not significantly difference among the groups in the weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency. 3. in vico and in vitro protein digestibility were found to be 82.73 and 70.85 percent. 4. Chromium content of HLM was 1.14 percent and chromium in liver and kidney eras higher as to increase level of HLM in formula feed, but there was no apparent accumulation of chromium in muscle to 4 percent level. This results indicate that hydrolyzed leather meal for the place of oil cakes can be used up to 4 percent level in the broiler ration.