청년기 정계정맥류 환자에서 수술후 정액검사의 변화

이길호 대한감염학회 1982 감염 Vol.38 No.8

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) 성질을 가진 세균에 의한 요로감염

이길호 대한요로생식기감염학회 2011 Urogenital Tract Infection Vol.6 No.1

Multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) have emerged in the communities and hospitals. Because β-lactamases are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze β-lactamring in antibiotics, cephalosporins are not usually effective. Most ESBLs can be divided into three groups: TEM, SHV, and CTX-M. Recently, AmpC β-lactamase is included in this category. The clinical significance of ESBL bacteria is well known. Initially, ESBL bacteria exhibitmulti-drug resistance, such as co-trimoxazole, tetracycline, gentamicin, and fluroquinolone, as well as broad-spectrum cephalosporins. In addition, they can be transmitted to other places andother people. Moreover, inappropriate empirical therapy to urinary tract infection secondary to ESBL bacteria is usually associated with higher mortality. For these reasons, gram-negative pathogens that produce ESBLs remain an important cause oftherapy failure with newly developed cephalosporins, and incur serious complications and have consequences in infection control in the community. Consequently, it is an urgent issue to understand the characteristics of ESBL bacteria to minimize their spread and to treat ESBL associated urinary tract infection. We herein review the clinical significances of ESBL bacteria in urinary tract infection.

Modulation of Alpha 1 Adrenergic Receptors on Urinary Bladder in Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model

이길호,박희윤,박홍석,이정구 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2012 International Neurourology Journal Vol.16 No.2

Purpose: Whereas many studies have focused on the vesical changes of the α1 adrenergic receptor (AR) subtypes in partial outlet obstruction, few studies have addressed the modulation of the α1 AR subtypes after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, we studied the modulation of the α1 ARs in urinary bladder in a rat SCI model. Methods: Four weeks after a SCI, the whole vesical bodies from eight female Sprague-Dawley rats and from eight controls were harvested. The total RNA was extracted from the samples and was used to prepare cDNA. We developed standard plasmid constructs of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and three α1 ARs (α1a, α1b, and α1d) to convert the cycle threshold (Ct) values from real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) into subtype mRNA concentrations. The detected Ct values of 16 samples from RT-PCR were interpolated into the standard plasmid curves. Results: All serially diluted standard samples showed very good linearity. The mRNA expression of GAPDH was higher in the SCI group, whereas the mRNA expression of all α1 ARs was lower in the SCI group than in the control animals. The α1a, α1b,and α1d mRNA expression in the controls was 81.7%, 3.3%, and 15.1%, respectively, whereas the α1a, α1b, and α1d mRNA expression in the SCI group was 33.5%, 5.2%, and 60.9%, respectively. Conclusions: SCI moderates the α1 AR mRNA subtypes in the urinary bladder. The relatively increased α1d or decreased α1a AR mRNA expression may be a therapeutic candidate for controlling the symptoms of neurogenic bladder after SCI.

A Scalable Audio Coder for High-quality Speech and Audio Services

이길호,이영한,김홍국,김도영,이미숙,Lee, Gil-Ho,Lee, Young-Han,Kim, Hong-Kook,Kim, Do-Young,Lee, Mi-Suk The Korean Society Of Phonetic Sciences And Speech 2007 말소리 Vol.61 No.-

In this paper, we propose a scalable audio coder, which has a variable bandwidth from the narrowband speech bandwidth to the audio bandwidth and also has a bit-rate from 8 to 320 kbits/s, in order to cope with the quality of service(QoS) according to the network load. First of all, the proposed scalable coder splits bandwidth of the input audio into narrowband up to around 4 kHz and above. Next, the narrowband signals are compressed by a speech coding method compatible to an existing standard speech coder such as G.729, and the other signals whose bandwidth is above the narrowband are compressed on the basis of a psychoacoustic model. It is shown from the objective quality tests using the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and the perceptual evaluation of audio quality(PEAQ) that the proposed scalable audio coder provides a comparable quality to the MPEG-1 Layer III (MP3) audio coder.

전립선비대증 환자에서 Dutasteride 치료 후 혈 중 Prostate-specific antigen 치의 변화

이길호,김형지,홍주형 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2008 International Neurourology Journal Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: 5α reductase, dutasteride, has widely used to treat enlarged prostate (BPH). By suppressing the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone it decreases serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) which is very important screening marker for prostate cancer. We evaluate the early serum PSA changes after dutasteride treatment to Korean BPH patients. Materials and Methods: A total 159 men with a clinical diagnosis of BPH and no evidence of prostate cancer were enrolled. They were treated with dutasteride 0.5mg daily for 12 months. Serum PSA was evaluated at 2, 6, and 12 months after the medication. Result: Dutasteride statistically significantly reduced serum PSA to 0.70±0.52, 0.64±0.35, and 0.59±0.49 from baseline level at 2, 6, and 12 months after the medication, respectively. However, there was no statistical significance among the three groups in serum PSA changes after dutasteride. There were statistically significant correlations between a high pre-treatment serum PSA level and a large reduction of follow-up PSA levels at 2, 6, and 12 months after dutasteride treatment. Conclusions: The reduction of serum PSA is variable in patients to patients at 2, 6, and 12 months after dutasteride treatment. The patient with high initial serum PSA revealed a large reduction of serum PSA level after treatment. The traditional concept that follow-up serum PSA level should be doubled for prostate cancer screening may overestimate real serum PSA level within 12 months in Korean men receiving 5α reductase inhibitors. (J Korean Continence Soc 2008;12:42-47)

Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated From Male Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection

이길호 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.6

Purpose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections,and fluoroquinolone therapy is a well-known standard regimen for UTI. The prevalence and risk factor analysis of fluoroquinolone resistance in enterococcal UTIs are not well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from patients with complicated UTI. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 81 E. faecalis strains isolated from 81 male patients at a single teaching hospital over 3 years. The Vitek 2 automatic system was used for antimicrobial susceptibility analysis. Results: Antimicrobial resistance rates were rare for ampicillin/sulbactam, imipenem,and vancomycin in E. faecalis. Forty-six percent of the E. faecalis strains were resistant to levofloxacin, 47% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, and 58% were resistant to norfloxacin. E. faecalis strains were highly resistant to erythromycin (92%) and ftetracycline (96%). The risk factor analysis revealed that age intervals, the underlying diseases, catheterization, and the number of admissions did not increase the risk of ciprofloxacin resistance, whereas patients with hospital-acquired infection (odds ratio [OR], 18.15; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.46 to 95.13; p=0.001), patients who were treated in a urological department (OR, 6.15; 95% CI, 1.5 to 25.41; p=0.012), and patients who were transferred from health care centers (OR, 7.393; 95% CI, 1.32 to 41.22;p=0.023) had an increased risk of ciprofloxacin resistance compared with the matched controls. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin is no longer a recommended therapy for E. faecalis from complicated UTI in men with risk factors. We suggest that ampicillin/sulbactam can be recommended as alternatives for treating ciprofloxacin-resistant E. faecalis strains associated with UTI in Korea.

익명적인 연결들: 타자-되기에 관한 존재론적 접근

이길호 서울대학교 비교문화연구소 2023 비교문화연구 Vol.29 No.2

This study traces several lines of post-constructivist anthropology to forge an anthropological conceptualization on the form of being of immanent alterity that escapes the objectification of constructive nomination and discernment. It explores possible pathways from “partial connections” and “perspectivism” toward “anonymous connections.” These entail a chiasmatic inquiry of familiar representations and strange ideas in that each concept implies a difference or exchange of perspectives. They involve reciprocal presupposition of notions such as part/whole, individual/society, gift/commodity, nature/culture, and human/nonhuman. Through examining these multidimensional poles, this article will discuss the transformations of conventional epistemological terms and the counter-invented figures of the “other” relational forms. Taking three models of the object and the relation or the multiple as provisional introduction points to the discussion, it redefines the concept of “exchange” through the paradoxical exchanges that such differences of perspective engender and examines the turn towards the concept of “change-exchange” as ex-change that is already transformation, with/in the operation of anonymous networks. It shows that the complementary ambiguity of incompatible perspectives and the evanescence beyond perspectives (“anon-connections”) are conditioned by the rendezvous points to the zone of indiscernibility (“becoming-others”) that differences of perspective generate.

유전자증폭을 이용하여 일개 지역보건소에서 여성 성매매자들의 클라미디아 트라코마티스 유병률 조사

이길호,송인호 대한비뇨의학회 2006 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.47 No.1

신세포암의 예후인자에 대한 연구

이길호 檀國大學校 出版部 1999 論文集 Vol.34 No.3

Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance Among the Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Korean Patients with Acute Uncomplicated Cystitis: A Prospective and Nationwide Study

이길호,조용현,심봉석,이상돈 대한의학회 2010 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.25 No.8

We investigated the risk factors for resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefazolin, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole in Escherichia coli isolates from urine of Korean female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC). A total of 225 patients and their E. coli isolates were prospectively and nationwidely enrolled between May and October, 2006. All the antimicrobials did not show any differences according to the age group. A higher rate of ciprofloxacin resistance was observed in the south (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.19-7.80 for Chungcheong-do & Jeolla-do; OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.22-7.58 for Gyeongsang-do) compared to Gyeonggi-do. Two recurrences of AUC in the past year was an important risk factor for antimicrobial resistance (ciprofloxacin; OR: 6.71, 95% CI: 1.86-24.11 and cefazolin; OR: 5.72,95% CI: 1.20-27.25). However, the resistance to co-trimoxazole and ampicillin was not associated with any of the risk factors. This study also revealed the pattern of multi-drugs resistance in ciprofloxacin resistant E. coli strains. In conclusion, for Korean patients with two more recurrences of AUC in the past year, it is strongly recommended to perform an antimicrobial sensitivity test with a urine sample before empirical treatment.