Computer System을 이용한 정상 관상동맥 조영 사진의 양적분석

윤양구,박계현,최용수,김관민,전태국,김진국,심영목,박표원,채헌,Yun, Yang-Koo,Park, Kay-Hyun,Choi, Young-Soo,Kim, Kwhan-mien,Jun, Tae-Gook,Kim, Jhin-gook,Shim, Young-Mog,Park, Pyo-Won,Chae, Hurn 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1998 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.31 No.5

관상동맥 질환은 최근 발생빈도가 현저히 증가하고 있고 사회적 관심이 많은 대표적 질환이다. 이와 동반하여 관상동맥 우회로 이식수술의 시술도 90년대들어 급격한 증가를 보이고 있다. 관상동맥 질환에 대한 외과적 시술시 수술의 시행 유무와 범위를 결정하는데 술전에 관상동맥의 상태를 검사하고 평가함은 매우 중요한 일이다. 술전 관상동맥의 형태학적 검사 방법으로 관상동맥 조영술은 현재 매우 유용하고 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 그러나, 관상동맥 조영사진을 분석함에 있어 객관적이고 양적인 자료를 얻는 측정 방법이 임상에 널리 이용되고 있지는 않다. 이에 저자 등은 computerized system(Arripro 35)을 이용하여 관상동맥 조영사진을 관상동맥의 분지, 우세성 및 직경등 형태학적으로 연구 분석하여 보고한다. 연구 대상은 본 삼성 서울 병원에서 1994년 9월부터 1996년 6월까지 22개월간 관상동맥 조영술을 시행하였던 환자 경우중 형태학적으로 정상구조를 보인 174례의 관상동맥 조영사진을 대상으로 Arripro 35 system을 이용한 양적 분석을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 좌주관상동맥의 직경은 4.45$\pm$0.79 mm이고, 분지는 2분지가 117례, 3분지가 50례, 4분지가 7례이다. 2) 좌전행지의 근위부 직경은 3.47$\pm$0.62 mm이고 중위부 직경은 2.79$\pm$0.52 mm이며 원위부 직경은 2.16$\pm$0.39 mm이다. 사행지는 평균 1.99$\pm$0.88개가 분지되었고 2개가 있는 경우가 가장 많았고 범위는 0에서 4개였다. 3) 좌선회지의 근위부 직경은 3.17$\pm$0.61 mm이며 원위부 직경은 2.19$\pm$0.55 mm이다. 둔각 변연지는 평균 2.16$\pm$1.10개가 분지되었고 2개가 있는 경우가 가장 많았으며 범위는 0에서 6개였다. 4) 우관상동맥의 근위부 직경은 3.51$\pm$0.69 mm이고 원위부 직경은 2.93$\pm$0.68mm이며, 후측분지의 직경은 2.30$\pm$0.48 mm이고 후하행지의 직경은 2.09$\pm$0.48 mm이다. 5) 우측 우세성이 163례(93.68%)이고 좌측 우세성은 11례(6.23%)로 우측 우세가 절대적으로 많았다. 우관상동맥에서 분지되는 예각 변연지는 직경이 1.5 mm 이상으로 유의할만한 크기로 분지되는 경우가 89례(51.15%)였다. 관상동맥 우회로술시 완전 재관류을 위해서는 우측 예각 변연지에 대한 관심이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. In the preoperative evaluation before coronary artery bypass surgery, review of the coronary arteriogram is the most important step. Expected "normal" lumen diameter at a given coronary anatomic location is a basis for quantative estimation of coronary disease severity that could be more useful than the traditional "percent stenosis". The distribution and number of major coronary artery branches are determinants of number of bypass grafts needed. We reviewed the coronary artery anatomy in 174 adult patients who revealed no coronary pathology in angiographic studies done from September 1994 to June 1996. Quantative analysis was done in all cases by a single person using a Computerized System (Arripro 35ⓡ). The results were follows; 1) The mean diametre of left main coronary artery was 4.45 mm(range 2.74~6.72). The pattern of branching was bifurcation in 67.24%, trifurcation in 28.74% and quadrifurcation in 4.02% of the patients. 2) The mean diametre of left anterior descending artery was 3.17 mm(range 2.10~5.85), 2.79 (range 1.55~5.59) and 2.17 mm(range 1.37~3.81) in the proximal, mid, and the distal portions, respectively. The number of diagonal branches of left anterior artery was from one to four(mode=2). 3) The mean diametre of proximal and distal left circumflex artery were 3.17mm(range 1.74~4.89) and 2.19 mm(range 1.21~4.46). The number of obtuse marginal branches of left circumflex artery is from one to six(mode 2). 4) The mean diametre of proximal and distal right coronary artery, the posterior descending artery and the largest posterolateral branch were mean 3.51 mm(range 2.07~5.67), 2.09 mm (range 1.42~3.60), 2.09 mm(range 1.02~3.60) and 2.30 mm(range 1.39~4.39). 5) The right coronary artery dominant was 163 cases(93.68%) of the total 174 cases. 6) The large significant acute marginal artery was visualized in more than half of the people. half of the people.

외상성 횡격막 손상 -6례 보고-

윤양구 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1994 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.27 No.3

I have experienced with 6 cases traumatic injury of diaphragm from May 1991 to October 1993 at the Youngdong Hospital in Tonghae. This cases included 4 penetrating injuries and 2 nonpenetrating injuries. Associated injuries occurred 4 cases and 2 cases occurred stomach herniation. All cases, operative treatment were done. Result of this treatment cases were good. Complications included 1 early death and only 1 wound infection. Cause of death was related to associated injury.

승모판 폐쇄부전중에서 승모판막 재건술 및 중기성적

윤양구,장병철,유경종,김시호,Yun, Yang-Gu,Jang, Byeong-Cheol,Yu, Gyeong-Jong,Kim, Si-Ho 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1996 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.29 No.1

연세대학교 의과대학 심혈관 센터 심혈관외과에서는 1992년 1월부터 1995년 2월까지 3년 2개월 동안 36명의 승모판막 폐쇄부전증 환자에게 승모판막 재건술을 시행하였다. 평균 연령은 41.8세였고 연령분포는 10세에서 71세였으며 환자의 성별 분포는 남자 19명 여자 17명이었다. 판막 병변의 원인은 이형성이 17례, 류마티스성이 12례, 심내막염이 2례, 기타 기능적 변화가 5례였다. 수술 수기는 봉합성형술 35례, 첨판의 절제 25례, 건삭의 단축 9례, 교련절개술 1례에서 시행되었다. 수술 수기는 대부분의 경우에서 위의 방법을 복합적으로 시술하였다. 수술 당시의 환자의 임상소견은 NYHA 기능적 분류 3 또는 4등급이 67%였고, 도플러 심초음파 검사상 3또는 4등급이 83%로 대부분 중등도 이상의 질환 양터를 보였다. 승모판 재건술후 혈류역학적 수치, 심초음파 소견, 환자의 임상 상태등은 전반적으로 호전되었다. 모든 환자에서 수술대 에서 경식도 심초음파 검사를 인공 심폐기로부터 이탈 직후 실시하였고, 검사상 승모판막의 폐쇄부전의 정도가 2등급 이상일때는 재수술을 즉시 시행하였다. 술후 평균 외래 추적 관찰기간은 15개월(3~40개월)이다. 수술\ulcorner 병원 사망은 없었고 외래 추적 관찰중 2명의 사망 환자가 발생하여 사망율은 5.5%였으며 사망의 원인은 심부전이었다 2명의 환자에서 승모판막 폐쇄 부전의 재발로 술후 4일과 19일째 승모판막 치환술로 재수술 받았다. 재수술 받게된 원인은 봉합사의 파열이었다. 이상에서 보면 수술 직후에 실시한 경식도 심초음파 검사는 승모판막의 재건술시 수술의 결과를 판정하는데 매우 유용하고 정확한 진단 방법으로 사용이 권장되어야 한다고 생각되며, 승모판막의 재건술은 승모판막 폐쇄부전증 환자에게 적용할 수 있는 좋은 수술 방법이고, 본원에서는 만족할만한 결과를 얻었다. Between January 1992 and February 1995, 36 patients with mitral regurgitation were treated by a mitral repair There wert nineteen men and seventeen women whose mean age was 41.8 years, ranged from 10 to 71. Seventeenth patients had dystrophic change of mitral valve, twelve patients had rheumatic change of mitral valve, second patients had infective change of mitral valve and another fifth patients had functional change of mitral valve. Operation proced res were suture annuloplasty (35 cases), resection of leaflet (25 cases), chordal shortening(9 cases) and commisurotomy(1 cases). These procedures were combined in most patients. Two third of the patients were in New York Heart Association class III or IV and four fifth of the patients were in mitral regurgitation grade III or IV by doppler echocardiogram. After mitral valve repair, the patients were improved hemodynamic, echocardiographic data and functional class. Intraoperative TEE had been used in all most patients after weaning of bypass. If there remained MR more than grade 2, the valve was re-repaired or replacement. There were no operative death. The late mortality was 5.5% and cause of death was congestive heart failure. Patients have been followed up from 3 to 40 months, mean 15. Second patients underwant reoperation due to recurred mitral regurgitation, 4 and 19 days after the operation. During reoperation, we found that the repair suture was disrupted in both patients. Th s expierence demonstrated that intraoperative TEE is accurate and predictable and excellent immediate and mid-term results have been achieved by mitral valve repair.

동맥관개존증, 심실중격결손 및 폐동맥이 동반된 폐동맥 폐쇄증: 1예보고

윤양구,홍승록,Yun, Yang-Gu,Hong, Seung-Rok 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1991 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.24 No.2

A surgical correction was successfully performed in a adult female who had pulmonary atresia with almost non-confluent pulmonary artery, PDA and ventricular septal defect. Initially as a first stage of corrective surgery isolation of patent ductus arteriosus, ligation of aortopulmonary collaterals and identification of the pathologic anatomy of left pulmonary artery through left posterolateral approach were performed. At the second stage, a week after the initial operation, total correction was done making both pulmonary arteries confluent with albumin coated woven-dacron graft, external valved conduit and closure of large VSD of subarterial and perimembranous type. The PDA was ligated with previously encircled heavy stitch soon after partial bypass was started. Although massive bleeding from anastomotic site of dilated left pulmonary artery to the graft occurred preoperatively, postoperative functional improvement was excellent in terms of disappearance of cyanosis and normal exercise tolerance.

성인 대동맥 판막 협착증에 대한 연구

윤양구,유경종,강면식,장병철,조범구 대한순환기학회 1995 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.25 No.6

전폐절제술후 발생한 농흉의 흉곽성형술과 근성형술을 이용한 수술치험 -1례 보고-

윤양구 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1989 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.22 No.5

Initial successful treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema depends to a large extent on adequate dependent drainage of the empyema sac and the use of antibiotics. But definite control of the infected space remains a disturbing and controversial area in the field of thoracic surgery. A 55-year-old man had a right pneumonectomy for tuberculosis with the development of postoperative thoracic empyema and in October 1973. Postoperatively, an empyema developed and the condition was managed with closed drainage and an open window thoracostomy. He was transferred to our institution in October 1988, and underwent thoracoplasty for the obliteration of the empyema space, resulting in a remaining space. The remaining space after thoracoplasty was obliterated by myoplasty using a rotation flap of splitted pectoralis major muscle three months later. He was discharged with uneventful course 12 days after operation, and continues to do well 3 months following operation. Our experience shows that thoracoplasty and myoplasty offer an effective alternative method of management of post-pneumonectomy empyema.

Down증후군과 관련된 선천성 심장질환

윤양구,조범구,홍승록,Yun, Yang-Gu,Jo, Beom-Gu,Hong, Seung-Rok 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 1990 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.23 No.4

Between January of 1980 and December of 1989, we are encountered 121 cases of Down syndrome here at Yonsei University Medical Center. of these being endocardial cushion defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and complicated anomalies. The mean age was 1 month 2 years with the sexual division at 31 males and 29 females. Among these 60 patients, 10 of them were treated trough surgical management, 8 of them being open heart surgeries, the 8 open heart surgeries are broken down as follow: 4 total correction of ECD, 2 patch repair of VSD, 1 total correction of TOF, 1 patch repair of ASD secundum. Another 2 operative management are ligation of PDA and modified Blalock - Taussig shunt of TOF. Postoperatively all patients were weaned and extubated on an artificial ventilator without any respiratory complications, and were discharged without incident.

응급실 내원환자에 대한 병원전 응급체계와 후송체계에 대한 조사

김영식,황성오,임경수,윤양구 大韓應急醫學會 1992 대한응급의학회지 Vol.3 No.1

A prospective research of 1,573 patients who visited emergency room was completed by the emergency physician of Wonju College of Medicine of Yonsei University, and Youngdong Hospital. This prospective study demonstrate the problems of prehospital emergency care and transfer system of the emergency patient. Among 1,573 patients, 86.9% were admitted to the Emergency room by the non-emergency vehicle such as taxi and bus, and only 13.1% was admitted via ambulance. At the situation of emergency, the most of patients and patient`s families could not call for the help to emergency telemetry center because only 3.1% among total patients knew the emergency call number(Tel. No: 129). Because the emergency delivery system between emergency centers from Level. Ⅰ, Ⅱ to Level Ⅲ was not established yet, only 492 patients(31.3%) were transferred from Level Ⅰ, Ⅱ emergency room to our emergency room to our emergency center but 1081 patients(68.7%) were admitted directly to Level Ⅲ emergency center from emergency fields. Among 1,081 patients who visited Level Ⅲ emergency center directly, only 240 patients(23%) were admitted for further treatment, but in transferred cases(492 patients), 271 patients(55%) were admitted. Especially in the injured patients, severely injured patients(ISS 16) occupied only 6% among 441 patients who visited directly, but it occupied 21% among 150patients who were transferrd from local community hospital. This result means that many non-urgent patients visited Level Ⅲ emergency centers without the previous visiting of Level ⅠⅡ emergency room. This study reveals that EMSS(Emergency Medical Services System) including the telemetry systems must be organized in short-time to reduce the mortality and morbidity of emergency patients. First, the educations about the emergency call system and First Aids to the people must be stsryed initially through the school and mass-media such as television and radio network. Second, emergency delivery system between Level Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ emergency center must be organized for the effective and rapid transportaion of acute ill patients.

Rastelli씨 수술을 이용한 선천성 교정형 대혈관 전위증(SLL) : 1례 보고 A Case Report

방정현,윤양구,임승균 침례병원 1998 浸禮病院學術誌 Vol.14 No.-

자연기흉의 양측 기포 동시제거술 : 11예 보고 11 CASES

오중환,윤양구,정경영,이두연,조범구,방서욱 대한의학협회 1990 대한의학협회지 Vol.33 No.2