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글로벌 충격에 대응하는 과학기술 다자협력 전략: 유엔시스템을 중심으로
신은정(Eunjung Shin),박환일(Hwanil Park),박병원(Byeongwon Park),성경모(Kyung-Mo Sung),박동운(Dongun Park),장용석(Yongsuk Jang),장진규(Jin Gyu Jang),권소현(So Hyun Kwon),김지은(Ji Eun Kim),최동주(Dong Ju Choi),김진하(Jinha Kim),오채운(Ch 과학기술정책연구원 2021 정책연구 Vol.- No.-
This study was designed to develop multilateral STI (Science, Technology and Innovation) cooperation strategies in response to the global shocks that we are currently experiencing and that may arise in the future. To this end, this paper first investigated the development of multilateral STI cooperation centered on the United Nations system (UN system), and then surveyed UN system’s response to global shocks such as COVID-19. The key findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, STI cooperation in the UN system has been continuously promoted as a means of achieving international security and development since the establishment of the UN. Security-related STI cooperation has been mainly discussed at the Security Council and the UN General Assembly, and the Related Agencies, such as IAEA, CTBTO, and OPCW, have been also playing a key role. Moreover, STI cooperation for development has been heavily discussed at the Economic and Social Council including CSTD and ESCAP, and Specialized Agencies such as ITU, UPU, IMO, WMO, UNESCO, WIPO, and WHO have also played a significant role for STI cooperation. Furthermore, policy agendas related to innovation, sustainable development, and digital technology have been increasingly emphasized for STI cooperation within the UN system these days. Recently developed organizations, such as the Technology Facilitation Mechanism (TFM) for Sustainable Development, and UNFCCC, are dealing with these emerging needs for STI cooperation. Second, the United Nations system has evolved to respond to global shocks. It has broadened the scope of cooperation in response not only to global security risk but also to economic and financial crises. It has further developed multi-lateral cooperation schemes to cope with various environmental emergencies as well as health emergencies. In particular, the UN system has devised and delivered immediate and comprehensive emergency responses in the amid of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. From the beginning of the outbreak, it defined COVID-19 as a complex crises that combine not only health issues but also socio-economic and humanitarian threats and strived to take comprehensive measures. In this process, the following needs for STI cooperation were identified and met: 1) joint research and R&D collaboration for scientific solutions to COVID-19 (treatment, diagnosis, vaccine, and prevention measures), 2) research data and resource sharing for accelerating R&D, 3) digital technology-based assistance to overcome crises, and 4) global consultation and communication based on reliable scientific information and knowledge. The occurrence of global shocks has led to new development of science-policy interfaces in the UN system. In order to fully utilize the newly created STI cooperation opportunities in emergencies, this study proposes to (1) support more STI experts to get engaged in UN cooperation process, (2) increase Korea’s contribution to global joint research and technology cooperation that directly tackle global crises, (3) actively participate in the UN’s system coordination activities and digital cooperation initiatives, and (4) to propose and lead a future STI cooperation agenda, such as crisis response based on future foresight. Furthermore, it is recommended to continuously strengthen Korea’s existing activities for STI cooperation in the UN system. Lastly, although not fully addressed in this study, STI cooperation beyond the UN system is so important that requires further research.
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