북한정치체계에 있어서 군 당관계

안종철 한국국민윤리학회 1987 倫理硏究 Vol.24 No.1

서평 : 격동기(1900~1950) 서양인들의 한국 내 활동에 대한 추적

안종철 한국근현대사학회 2009 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.48 No.-

윌리엄 그리피스(William E. Griffis)의 일본과 한국인식 (1876-1910)

안종철 고려대학교 일본연구센터 2011 일본연구 Vol.15 No.-

This article deals with William E. Griffis who came to Japan during 1870-1874 and became a Japan-Korean expert in the US. Compared to the fact that Griffis was well known for his writings, Corea, the Hermit Nation, his basic idea about civilization was not well known. Beneath his understanding of civilization, religious belief took the central position. However, he used analogy between Anglo-Saxon civilization and Japanese one because the latter also permitted Christian evangelism in 1873, the policy that Christianity would be cornerstone in civilization building. To him, historical development following linear passage was important. Religion was no exception. In Japan, Buddhism was popular and worthwhile to be studied. It would lead to make a favorable environment for Christian evangelism. Korea was the opposite country to Japan. One the one hand Korea was not "open" to western powers until early 1880s; on the other hand, Christianity was not permitted while Buddhism was suppressed. Therefore, Griffis severely criticized Korean Confucianism, the dominant ideology. In relation to Korea, his understanding was heavily influenced by Japanese national studies, Kokugaku. His understanding of Korea contributed to Japanese political aims in Korea with his influential book up to his death in 1928.

1920~1940년대 구미인의 만주 및 간도 인식- 라티모어(Owen Lattimore), 죤스(Francis C. Jones), 영미선교사, 그리고 전후 정책관련자들을 중심으로

안종철 도시사학회 2019 도시연구 Vol.- No.21

This study focuses on Westerners’ perception of Manchuria, particularly Chientao during the 1920s-40s, wherein ethnic Koreans were the majority resident group. Manchuria is currently composed of 3 Chinese northeast provinces, in which mostly Manchu and Mongolian ethnic groups resided, and had been restricted, up to the 1870s. Thus, this region has been fixed in terms of modern territorial boundaries, and related perception. However, there is scant research on this topic. Therefore, this study focused on Western intellectuals who had conducted field research since the 1920s, by focusing on scholars such as American, Owen Lattimore, British, Francis C. Jones, and several missionaries. Through this perspective, I want to explain how these Westerners understood this geographical area, distinct from China proper. They shared a common understanding that Manchuria had diverse ethnic groups, with unique geographical features. Also, they shared similar perspectives that Korean residents in Chientao had unique features. Through several field trips a consultation with assorted bibliography, Lattimore explained the evolution of Chinese history, as exchanges between China proper and Manchuria. Jones also traveled to Manchuria, and closely observed the transformation of Manchuria, since 1931. Though missionaries’ approach to Manchuria did not deviate from the purview of Japanese colonial authorities, they also realized Manchuria was distinct from China proper. This type of understanding of Manchuria, influenced U.S. and British policy makers, in that they suggested imperative application of “trusteeship” in Manchuria, distinct from China proper. However, through proclamation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, diverse memory of this area has been also muted, with application of modern and exclusive territorial sovereignty. 이 연구는 1930 40년대 만주지역, 특히 한국인들이 거주민 다수를 이루고 있었던 간도지역에 대한 서구인들의 인식을 다룬다. 만주지역은 오늘날 중국의 동북 3성 지역에 해당하는 곳인데, 청대말까지 왕조의 발상지로 알려졌기에 청당국은 사람들이 이주하는 것을 금했고, 만주족과 몽골족 등이 거주하던 지역이다. 따라서 이 지역은 1930년대 이후 가 되어서야 근대 영토와 국경개념을 통해 경계가 확정된 곳이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 서구인들의 만주에 대한 인식은 거의 연구가 없다고 할 수 있다. 그러므로 이 연구는 1920년대 이후 이 지역을 답사했던 서구인들 중 학문적으로 정책적으로 가장 영향력있다고 판단한 사람들 중, 미국인 오웬 라티모어(Owen Lattimore), 영국인 죤스(Francis C. Jones), 그리고 선교사들의 만주에 대한 인식을 다룸으로써, 이 지역의 중국 본토와 구별되는 특성과 지리적 문제에 대해 설명하려고 했다. 이들은 만주지역이 다양한 종족들(ethnic group)이 살고 있는 지역으로서, 중국 본토와는 다른 자연환경적 특성에 주목했고, 특히 간도 지역의 전통적인 한국인들의 거주지로서의 특성을 공히 인식했다. 특히 라티모어는 이들 지역에 대한 광범위한 현지조사와 문헌조사를 통해서 중국사의 변화를 이 지역과 중국 본토의 역사적 접촉을 통해 이해하고자 했다. 또한 죤스는 이 지역을 답사하고 영국에 돌아가 전후 만주에 대한 학문적 업적을 생산했다. 선교사들은 일본식민당국의 만주인식에서 크게 벗어나지 않았지만, 만주지역의 독자성을 인식했다. 이러한 인식들은 해방 후 미국이나 영국의 정책제안자들에 의해서 이 지역이 중국 본토와는 구별되는 지역으로서 “신탁통치”의 대상으로 제안되기도 했다. 그러나 중화인민공화국(1949)의 수립을 통해서 이 지역의 근대적, 배타적 영토주권이 확립되게 되면서 만주에 대한 다양한 기억은 묻혀졌다.

Polychlorinated Biphenyls 투여로 인한 간세포의 상해기전에 관한 초미세형태학적 연구

안종철,손태중 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1980 慶北醫大誌 Vol.21 No.2

저자는 PCB투여로 인한 간세포의 형태학적 변화와 아울러 그 기능과의 상관관계를 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐에 PCB를 체중 ㎏당 10㎎, 20㎎, 40㎎ 및 80㎎을 경구적으로 1일 1회 2일간 투여한 후 경시적으로 관찰한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 광학 현미경적으로는 대조군과 체중 ㎏당 10㎎ 투여군을 제외한 군에서는 모두 경한 혹은 중등도의 지방 변화가 일어나 있으며 그 정도는 투여량이 증가할수록 심하였다. 전자 현미경적으로는 핵에 있어서는 핵 변연의 불규칙과 heterochromatin의 증가를, RER에 있어서는 수포화, 공포화, 단열 및 ribosome의 탈락등을, Golgi장치에 있어서는 확장을, SER에 있어서는 증식을, mitochondria에 있어서는 종창과 cristae의 소실을, glycogen과립에 있어서는 감소를, ribosome에 있어서는 유리형의 증가와 결합형의 감소를, lysosome에 있어서는 증가를, 그리고 lipid droplet의 증가등이 나타났는데 이상의 변화들 가운데 가장 현저한 것은 SER의 증식이었다. 이러한 변화의 정도는 PCB투여량이 증가할수록 심하였으나 체중 ㎏당 10㎎ 투여군과 20㎎ 투여군 사이에는 차이가 있어도 그 이상 투여군과의 사이에는 현저한 차이가 없었다. 간 기능 검사로 실시된 alkaline phosphatase, SGOT 및 SGPT 성적을 종합하면 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이는 없었다. 이상의 연구성적으로 보아 PCB를 투여하면 간세포에 있어서 SER의 증식이 현저히 일어나고 그밖에 경한 혹은 중등도의 핵 및 단백합성기구들의 기능저하와 lysosome의 증가가 일어난다. 그리고 이상의 형태학적 변화로서는 간기능의 이상이 초래되지 않는 것으로 보아 상기한 모든 형태적 변화는 가역성 변화로 생각된다. Author had administered 10㎎, 20㎎, 40㎎, and 80㎎ per ㎏ of body weight per day of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) for 2 days to white rats per orally and investigated morphologic changes of liver cells and correlation with liver function induced by PCB administration. The results were summarized as follows. Light microscopically, there were slight or moderate fatty changes in all rats except for control group and experimental group administered with 10㎎/㎏ of PCB. The severity of the fatty changes was proportioned to the dosage of PCB administered. Electron microscopically, important morphologic changes were nuclei with irregular margins and increased heterochromatin, fragmented, vesiculated and vacuolated RER with scanty ribosomes, dilated Golgi complexes, proliferated SER, swollen mitochondria with fewer cristae, decreased glycogen particles, increased free ribosomes, decreased attached ribosomes, increased lysosomes and increased lipid droplets. The most prominent feature among the above changes was proliferation of SER. These changes were pronounced in proportion to dosage of PCB administered. There were distinct morphologic changes between the groups administered with 10㎎/㎏ and 20㎎/㎏ of PCB but were no prominent differences among the groups admistered over 20㎎/㎏ of PCB. The activity of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT did not show significant differences compared to the control group. From the above results, proliferation of SER was most prominently occurred in the liver cells after PCB administered. In addition, slight or moderate decrease of functional activities of the nuclei and cell organelles for protein synthesis and increase in appearance of lysosomes were occurred. The morphologic changes mentioned above seemed to be reversible because the morphologic alterations did not impair enzymatic activity of the liver cells.

광주민중항쟁과 그 의미

안종철 朝鮮大學校 政策大學院 1999 정책과 지역발전 Vol.- No.3

力道選手의 運動傷害에 關한 調査硏究

安鍾哲 韓國體育大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

For taking preventive measures against the injury through analyzing about injury-causes of the weight lifting game, I came to conclusions as following according to research about injury, diseases, injury-cause, injury-aspect and way and period of cure, as the object of the whole, 135 weight lifters among the weight lifters of the middle, high University and general. 1. The injury-position of weight lifters extremely much at knee joint (17.0%) and backbone(19.25%). As the injury-diseases was extremely much the backache>19.25%) and injury of ligament(17.03). 2. The injury-cause of weight lifters was the most important cause, the carelessness(21.48%) and the absence of pre-excercise(17.03%). Under training of weight lifting skill, the injury was come from the motion of Dead lift (20%) and clean (17.77%). 3. About the relation of athletic injury and pre-exercise, the most lifter (60.74%) were not enough to exercise and a few (10.37%) lifters were enough. 4. We find considerable relations between climate circumstances and injuries, for most of injuries occur in winter term (66.66%). 5. We find that self-treatment(28.88%) and hospital treatment (26.66%) are general and treatment term beneath 20% is general (31.85%), about ways and terms of injury teatment.

생활체육을 통한 사회화 분석연구

안종철 韓國體育大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

It has been studied that how physical Exercise for Living has influenced to the people in suburban and urban area in process of the socialization of human, Furthermore, the positive side and negative side of Physical Exercise for Living in the value of normative dimension was studied. From the study, the result has been revealed. Positively, people in urban has more positive awareness in the physical Exercise for Living than people in suburban, and negatively, the people in suburban has more negative awareness in the physical Exercise for living than people in urban. However, thw study showed that the most people in suburban and urban have much influenced and have positive attitude toward the physical Exercise for living in process of the socialization of human.

중일전쟁 발발 전후 신사참배 문제와 평양의 기독교계 중등학교의 동향

안종철 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2009 한국문화 Vol.48 No.-

This article has an aim to study how the Japanese Shinto worship issue in the 1930s produced diverse responses of the Korean community which was related to the Christian schools in Pyeongyang. The previous scholarship has mainly focused on the Japanese Shinto enforcement and Korean resistance to it rather than diverse responses on the part of Koreans and some missionaries. Pyeongyang was known as “Jerusalem in the Orient” since late nineteenth century, the name that showed the strong Christian population and influence. Japanese Shinto enforcement upon Koreans, therefore, brought Korean conservative's resistance, the tension that contained the possible confrontation between Japan and the U. S. The Chose Mission with the Pyeongyang station as a core member, decided not to succumb to Japanese demands at the expense of Christian schools. This response reflects the conservative presbyterian teaching dating from the beginning of Christian evangelism around Northwestern Korea. Consequently, the Chosen Mission decided to withdraw from secular education in Korea. This policy was not acceptable to Koreans since mission education partook at least thirty percent of the Korean education and Christian school was the only route to international community in colonial Korea. Consequently, Korean christians and some missionaries endeavored to inherit mission school from the Chosen Mission, the idea that was in vain. The Christian schools were shut down and most students were transferred to Japanese public schools. The reason why this issue was framed as no tension between Koreans and missionaries is that Korean christians including northwesterners in post-1945 period had to cooperate with returning missionaries in education, medical works, and evangelism. During the colonial period, the Koreanization movement in educational institutions shows the nationalistic zeal on the part of Koreans regardless of whether Japanese or American missionaries supported Koreans.

제262회 학술발표회 주제발표 : 신사참배의 정치학 -미 북장로교 해외선교부와 조선선교회간의 교육인퇴 갈등-

안종철 한국기독교역사학회 2008 한국기독교역사연구소소식 Vol.82 No.-