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안계복,황국웅,Ahn Gye-Bog,Hwang Kook-Woong 한국조경학회 2005 한국조경학회지 Vol.33 No.4
In order to reveal the geographical landscape's features of the East Sea-gateway(東海口), which has existed only in the era of Shilla as unique east path, we have carried out analysis of the old maps(邑誌圖) and satellite imagery, and geographical features analysis in the application of digital maps, and the result is as follows. 1. Analysis of materials from the Chosun dynasty describes landscapes called sea gates(海口) (note that this should not be capitalized); a place where the river meets the sea and the sea comes far into the land. Sea gate landscapes may have an island, but this is not a prerequisite. 2. According to the satellite imagery, the capital city of Shilla Dynasty had five passages. four or them are broad corridors, but one of them is narrow. The east side of the capital city is blocked by mountains and there was an important path which leads into the East Sea. 3. According to the cross section of the mountains, there is the only rule East-path. There was no alternative way. There was only one way-out to the east side from the capital city. This is the unique path which reaches a length of 28km. Judging from this, it seems that this path was called the East Sea-gateway. 4. The landscape of the East Sea-gateway was shaped like the letter 'V' and reached to the landscape of the sea gate. However, the route was blocked - part by the mountains, and also the part in the crisis of loss of path-landscape which has lost its own character of closure as several valleys are merged together.
안계복,Ahn, Gye-Bog 한국건축역사학회 1993 건축역사연구 Vol.2 No.2
The ${\ulcorner}$Dae${\lrcorner}$ is a place where a man could commune with nature. Our ancestors, who had very interested in natural landscape, and were named to the typical rock in the nature, which they called 'Dae'. The results of a analyzed the old literature(1530 : early stage of Chosen Danasty) are as follows. 1. The distribution of Dae is differ from provinces. Gangwon-do, Kyongsang-do, Cholla-do had many of the Daes. 2. The characteristics of form were classified into five groups. 1) A type of huge flat rock, which able to sit 5-6 persons(30.2%) 2) A type of mountain peak, which unable to use but seems to use images (27%) 3) A type of cliff(25.4%) 4) A type of fantastic rock (9.5%) 5) A type of stratified rock (6.3%) 3. The behavioral characteristics of the Dae were summarized watching a scenery and strolling (유(遊)), enjoying acenery, and relaxation. 4. The site locations of Dae are various such as, hill top, on cliffs, on the mountain, around river, river side cliff or grand rocks, and so forths.