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한문과(漢文科) 교수(敎授),학습(學習) 방법(方法) 연구(硏究)의 성과(成果)와 방향(方向)
송병렬 ( Pyung Nyul Song ) 한국한문교육학회 2011 한문교육논집 Vol.37 No.-
한문과 교수·학습 방법에 대한 연구가 처음부터 활발했던 것은 아니다. 연구는 두 가지 형태로 발표되었다. 즉 ``교수 방법``과 ``교수·학습 모형``이 그것이다. ``교수 방법``의 성과는 강덕희의 「기초 조어표의 활용을 통한 조어표의 효과적인 지도방안」부터 비롯했다. 이후 김우용의 「특활을 통한 한문과 학습지도가 학습자의 학력신장에 미치는 영향」에서 ``한자카드 놀이법``을, 조규남은 「그림을 활용한 한자지도법 연구」에서 한자를 그림으로 제시는 방법을 제시하였다. 그러나 이들 논문은 지도안의 성격을 띠는 것이었다. 배원룡은 「한문과 교수·학습 지도 방법」에서 ``융판 활용 한자어 지도법``에서 ``비교 학습법``, ``색출 학습법``, ``역할 놀이 카드 활용법`` 등의 다양한 학습법을 제시하였으나, 기존의 교육공학의 매체 제작 및 활용의 수준이었다. 이들 교수 방법은 대체로 모색과 모방의 수준이었다. 이에 한 걸음 더 나아간 것은 백원철의 「한문과 학습의 전통적 낭독법에 대하여-한문과 학습의 효과적 일방안의 모색-」, 이태희의 「근체시의 4단 구성과 그림으로 하는 한시 수업」, 이복규의 「옛날 이야기와 수수께끼를 통한 한자 한문 학습」, 송병렬의 「한문교과교육에서 ``한자의 짜임`` 지도 방법의 일고찰」, 김은경의 「문화유산을 활용한 한자·한자어 교수·학습 방법」, 김재영의 「신문, 방송을 활용한 한자·한자어 교수 학습 방법」 등이다. 이들 논문은 한문과의 독자적인 방법을 제시하였다. 교수 모형에 대한 성과는 원용석이 「한자어 교수·학습 모형」에서 한자어 교수 모형을 제시했다. 백광호는 「한문과에 적용 가능한 웹기반 수업과 문제중심학습」에서 한문과 구성주의 이론에 따른 교수 모형을 소개했다. 김연수는 『한시 교육에서 구성주의 교수·학습 방법 연구』에서, 김재영은 「독자 반응 중심 한시 교수·학습 모형에서 ``인지적 도제 중심의 한시 교수·학습 모형``과 ``텍스트 중심 교수·학습 모형``을 제시하였다. 위의 두 모형은 앞서 제시한 구성주의 이론을 적극 수용한 데서 나온 성과물이다. 송병렬은 「한문과 교수·학습의 협동학습 모형 적용」에서 구성주의에 따른 협동학습을 한문과에 적용하여 ``학습자 중심의 교수·학습 모형``의 사례를 보고하였다. 이경우는 「UCC를 기반으로 하는 한시 학습 방법 연구」에서 ``동영상 활용 수업 모형``을 제시하였다. 이같은 연구 성과는 2000년 이후 매우 활발하게 전개되었다. 그러나 이같은 활발한 연구에도 불구하고 체계화 등 몇 가지 문제점을 안고 있었다. 이에 김재영이 「한문과 교수·학습방법의 체계화방안」에서, 송병렬이 「한문과 교수?학습의 이론과 방법」에서 각기 ``교수 방법``을 분류를 시도하였다. 즉 교수 방법의 체계화를 시도한 것이다. 이러한 분류의 체계화는 한문과 교수·학습 방법에 대해 체계적으로 연구할 수 있도록 방향을 제시한 것이다. 또한 최근 한문과 교수·학습 방법 연구는 국제적인 학술대회의 개최 등으로 세계화할 조짐이다. 특히 중국·홍콩·대만 등의 국가들이 한자·한문의 교수 방법에 대한 연구가 활발해지고 있다. 이들과의 교류로 인해서 새로운 연구 주제와 범위가 확산되었다. 역시 교수·학습 방법 연구에도 새로운 방향이 열린 것이다. 그동안 한문과 교수·학습 방법에 대한 연구는 100여 편 이상이 될 정도로 많은 편이나, 대체로 중복이 많다. 이는 교수·학습 방법 연구에 대한 미숙함도 있지만, ``교수 방법, 모형`` 등에 대한 차이를 분류하고 체계화하지 못했기 때문이다. 그러나 매우 주목할 만한 연구도 많았으며, 이들이 한문과 교수·학습 방법 연구에 기여하고 있음을 확인했다. Aspect of the study for the teaching-learning of Chinese Character can be integrated to three things in general. They are teaching method, teaching-learning model and classification of teaching method. The achivement of the teaching method had begun from 「An effective guide plan of coinage chart through the use of basic coinage chart」 by Kang Duk Hee. Since Chinese Character teaching through extracurricular activities have on the learner`s academic ability」, and Jo Kyu Nam showed the method that indicates Chinese Character as a picture in 「Study of the teaching method of Chinese Character using pictures」. However, these papers were kinds of guidance plan. After them, Bae Won Ryong presented many learning methods such as ``Chinese Character teaching which uses felt boards``, ``Comparing``, ``Searching`` and ``Application of cards on role-playing``, though, these were the level of imitation and search on the whole. Taking a stronger point of view, there are 「About the traditional elocution in Chinese Character study-Searching for effective way of Chinese Character-」 by Baek Won Chul, 「Four step-construction of modern-style poetry and Chinese poem class using picture」 by Lee Tae hee, 「Chinese character and Chinese classics learning though old stories and puzzles」 by Lee Bok Kyu, 「A Thought about the Method to Teach ``The Principle of Creation of Chinese Characters`` in Chinese character Education」 by Song Pyung Nyul, 「Method of Teaching and Learning Chinese Characters and Words Written in Chinese Characters Utilizing Cultural Heritage」by Kim Eun-kyung and 「A Method of Teaching and Learning Chinese Characters Using Newspaper and Broadcasting」by Kim Jae-young. They showed their own ways in Chinese Characters. The result concerned with teaching models indicated Chinese words teaching models in 「Chinese words teaching-learning models」 by Won yong suk. Baek Kwang-ho introduced a new teaching models that are based on the Chinese Character`s constructivism theory in 「Web-based course and problem-based learning that can be applied to Chinese Character」. Kim Yeon soo showed ``Cognitive apprentice centered Chinese poem Teaching-Learning model`` and `` Text centered Teaching-Learning model`` in 「Constructivism method study of teaching-learning in Chinese poem education」, Kim Jae-young did in 「Readers` Responce centered Chinese Poem Teaching-Learning Model」. Those two models are the results of accepting constructivism which were mentioned before this actively. Song Pyung-nyul reported the example of ``Teaching-learning model focused learners`` to apply cooperative learning following to constructivism in 「Cooperative model Application of Chinese Character teaching-learning」. Lee kyung woo presented ``Model of lesson that uses video`` in 「A study on teaching and learning method of Chinese poem using U.C.C in education」. Systematization of teaching method was tried by Kim Jae-young in 「A study on How to Systemize Teaching-Learning in Classical Chinese」, and Song Pyung-nyul in 「Theory and method of Chinese Character teaching·learning」by attempting to classify each ``teaching method``. Systematization in classification has contributed to the methodical study of Chinese character teaching-learning method. Until now, there were many studies about the method of Chinese character teaching-learning method as many as more than 100, however, they have many overlaps. Because they are not only unfamiliar about the study of Chinese character teaching-learning method but failed to classify the difference of the things like ``Teaching method and model``. Though, many scholars` achivements were very noticable and played a role to expand the subject matter education of Chinese Character. Recently, it looks like being globalized through the things like holding international symposiums. Especially in the countries that include China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, etc, the study is lively being conducted. Therefore, interaction with them will be connected to the expand of the new subject and range soon.
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송방송(SONG Bang Song)(宋芳松) 국립국악원 1995 국악원논문집 Vol.7 No.-
Throughout the whole period of the Yi dynasty(1392-1910) the female entertainer called kisaeng 妓生, yŏgi, 女妓, kinyŏ 妓女, ch anggi 倡妓 etc., played an important role in the field of court performing ans particularly, for example, court dance known as chŏngjae 呈才. The most repertoire of court dances including tangak chŏngjae 唐樂呈才 and hyangak chŏngjae 鄕樂呈才 of the National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Ans Center (Kungnip kugagwŏn 國立國樂院) have been entirely related with the performing ans tradition of female entertainers in the late Yi period. Since its significant role in the historical development of Korean music and dance, the study of female entertainers in the early Yi period have been published in the academic journal by the late Chang Sa-hun 張師勛(1916-1991) and others. It has not been, however, paid much attention on the study of the female entertainer in the late Yi period. Thus, the purpose of this essay is to investigate the role of court female entertainers in the late Yi period on the basis of the Chinch an ŭigwe 『進饌儀軌』, which was compiled in the 29th year(1829) of King Sunjo s 純祖 reign. A great number of literary sources containing court performing arts of the late Yi period have been preserved at the Royal Palace Library called Kyujanggak 奎章閣 Collection of Seoul National University Library. They are, for example, several editions of Chinch an ŭigwe 『進饌儀軌』, Chinyŏn ŭigwe 『進宴儀軌』, Chinjak ŭigwe 『進爵儀軌』, and so on. Among these literary sources, this study is based upon one of these Chinch an ŭigwe preserved at the Kyujanggak Collection. This essay deals with 1) Introduction: Present State of Studying Court Female Entertainers in the Yi period, 2) Survey of the Literary Source, Chinch an ŭigwe(1829), 3) An Institutional Approach to the Female Entertainers Attended at Court Banquests in 1829, 4) Conclusion: Understanding the Important Role of Court Female Entertainer. In conclusion it is pointed out that the court female entertainers may be divided into two groups according to their origin: one group called kyŏnggi 京妓. being recruited from such central government offices as Royal Medical Office(Naeŭiwŏn 內醫院). National Medical Center (Hyeminsŏ 惠民署), Royal Costume Office(Sangŭiwŏn 尙衣院). and the Public Work Board(Kongio 工曹); and the other called hyanggi 鄕妓. selected from such provincial governments as Kyŏngsang Province 慶尙道, Chŏlla Province 全羅道, Kangwŏn Province 江原道, Ch ungch ŏng Province 忠淸道, P yŏngan Province 平安道, and Hwanghae Province 黃海道. The author suggests that the tradition of court female entertainers seems to have been not established in the late Yi period but transmitted from that of the early Yi period.
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일제강점기 조선총독부 발행 국어(일본어)독본에 관한 서지학적 고찰
송숙정(宋淑正) 한국일본어학회 2018 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.58
In this paper, in order to explore Japanese language reading books issued by the Chosun Governor-General during the Japanese rule period, we gathered information scattered in various places, including the National Central Library and the Diet Library, and gathered materials from gazettes of the Chosun Governor-General and newspaper articles of Donga Ilbo. Based on these smaterials, we classified the textbooks by time. As a result, we found that there were various schools and numerous textbooks in the secondary education level, compared to what is already known. In particular, the reason why simplified schools and practical schools, which were not regular schools, were activated was due to Japan’s colonial educational purposes of `simplicity` and `practical use`, and it is revealed that a textbook for these schools was issued separately. In particular, it is clear that practical schools and practical training schools, as institutionalization of employment and wage discrimination by academic background, were the choice at a secondary educational level after ordinary schools in order to compensate for it. Meanwhile, in spite of the fact that the second Korean education order changed the term of lessons to six years, ordinary schools still had the four-year system in the majority of regions. Reflecting this, readers of the national language specialized in the four-year system were issued for ordinary schools. As such, it is unveiled that various textbooks were issued by Governor-General of Korea depending on the special circumstances of colonial Korea-.
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