한국공업의 파행성과 그 타개책

서종규 中央大學校經營大學 1968 經營論集 Vol.27 No.-

우리나라 關稅政策의 展開方向에 관한 考察

徐淙圭 同德女子大學校 1983 同大論叢 Vol.13 No.1

Korea was a model developing country in the 1960s and 1970s and stepped into the 1980s as a so-called newly industrializing country. The possibility for Korea to join the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) has become an occasional topic here in recent years. Based on price stability and the improvement in the balance of payments, the Korean economy has registered about 6% growth in real terms in 1982. In addition to the generally successful macro-economic performance, however, the Korean economy had undergone considerable structual changes again in 1982. From a few point of view, restrictions on foreign direct investment had been further dismantled and import liberalization had been carried out in the midst of rising protectionism around the world, raising the import liberalization ratio from 74.7% to 76.6%. In 1983 based on the continuing price stability and the improving balance of payments position, the government is planning to carry out further structual reforms in the economy. Further liberalization of imports will be carried out in order to introduce more competition in the domestic market and foreign investment restrictions will also further be reduced in the same spirit. Gradual liberalization of foreign exchange and foreign capital regulations will also be sought to prepare the economy for its complete opening in the medium future. The efforts for further liberalization of imports should be made step by step in such way as not to frustrate concerned domestic industries. In order to catch up with advanced countries, the government should foster the selected strategic industries for a certain period of time with effective supportive measures in taxation, financing and other administratative areas rather than hurriedly expose them to the free market mechanism. But it is problem that some monopolistic and oligopolistic business groups and enterprises remain inefficient in terms of international competitiveness owing to continued protective industrial policies backed up by tariff and non-tariff barriers(NTB) established by the government when the country's industries as a whole remained in the infant stage. It goes without saying that import liberalization brings the international competitive factors to the domestic market. The domestic industries, therefore, will be encouraged to renovate their technologies to result in sophistication of the domestic industrial structure as a whole. In theory, free trade implies that countries do not interfere with the importation and exportation of commodities. If natural costs of transport can be ignored, free trade implies that commodities 춤 be obtained for the same price in all countries. Perhaps the most importation weapon of commercial policy has been the tariff. A tariff is a tax on foreign trade, it makes foreign commodities more expensive at home than abroad, both for domestic consumers and producers. Tariffs alter the allocation of resources, change both domestic and world price, and redistribute income both among countries and among productive factors within a country. At any rate, import liberalization should not be carried out drastically but on a gradual basis to protect the selected areas of local industries to allow them to become strong enough to compete with foreign industries in terms of comparative advantage. For the strategic industries having strong vertical and horizontal effects on other industries, more supportive policy should be backed up until they are internationally competitive. In conclusion the current duty-free system intended for raw materials for re-exports and customes drawback formula for export-related raw materials are desirable policies for steady exports for the time being. But these policies should be changed gradually for a high-level of the country's industrial structure. Because further protective policy can not make the domestic industries to be strenghened international competitive power rapidly. Korean industries have long been under the government's protective industrial policy unbrella backed up bytariff and NTB. Most industries, meanwhile, have devoted theri efforts to develop technology, human resources and etc.. Tariff policy, therefore, will have to be revamp for the coming libralization in the direction of achieving a advanced country.

韓國貿易의 交易條件變動 模型에 관한 考察

徐淙圭 동국대학교 해외개발연구소 1990 國際貿易論叢 Vol.5 No.-

창세기의 비즈니스 전략 연구서설

서종규 同德女子大學校 産業硏究所 2004 산업연구 Vol.10 No.-

우리나라 貿易支援制度의 變遷過程에 관한 硏究

徐淙圭 同德女子大學校 1992 同大論叢 Vol.22 No.1

This paper attempts to systemize the historical trade promotion system in Korea. The trade promotion system in countries which emphasize the external trade are generally composed of the Government's administration, finance, foreign exchange, insurances, and taxation, etc.. In this paper Korean trade promotion system are discussed with a special reference to trade promotion strategy and trade financial support system. The historical development process of trade strategy is first outlined in section Ⅱ, and trade promotion system is introduced in section Ⅲ. Korean export strategy was explored various ways to hold the nation's foreign exchange since 1960s. The basic trade policy is to give a special priority to expanding exports and restraining imports. Accordingly the trade promotion system have been runned with export drive strategy such as the direct support for designated export items, a system whereby eligibility to import being linked to export performance, the preferential financing for foreign exchange holdings, the tax exemptions or reductions on income earned by exporting, etc. This paper· is summarized the development process of export strategy from the 1945 Liberation of Korea to the present. But this paper is to be described an introduction to Korea trade promotion system toward a completely its systematization hereafter.

한국경제의 지속적 고도성장과 경제주도문제

서종규 연세대학교 경영대학원 1970 經營論叢 Vol.4 No.2

카톨릭 지성인의 사회개혁참여에 관한 연구서설

서종규 동덕여자대학교 산업연구소 2002 산업연구 Vol.8 No.-

各國의 鐵鋼材 輸入規制制度 現況과 對應方向

徐淙圭 同德女子大學校 1986 同大論叢 Vol.16 No.1

Steel product exports in Korea have increased rapidly in line with its expansion of production. Overseas steel sales rose from 80,000 tons in 1970 to 861,000 tons in 1973 and exports totalled 6.3 million tons in 1984. The value of exports was 277 million dollars in 1975, more than 1 billion dollars in 1979 and about 2.6 billion dollars as of 1983. Steel exports have increased at a rapid rate, which averaged over 32% a year from 1975 to 1983. This growth rate was over the average rate of 21.7% of gross exports during the same period. But world demand has shown the trend to decline since 1980. World steel consumption was 749 million tons in 1979 and 660 million tons in 1983. On consumption by region, North American area has decreased an average annual rate of 9.2, West Europe area headed by EC decreased 5.3% annually, Lation American area decreased 8.4% annually, and Middle East area decreased 4.4% annually. But South East Asian area and African area have only increased an average rate of 0.3% and 1.9% respectively. According to the sources of IISI, 18 countries of the main steel consumption such as the U.S.A., Japan, EC, etc., which have about 80% of the mobilization of steel products in the world, have shown the decrease of exports as 8.3% during 1979-83. One important factor of the reduction in this group was pointed out that the reduction of demand for steel products was resulted from the recession of business activities in these countries. The increasing difficulties of steel exports in many countries have brought many protests from all countries in the world, including the U.S.A., Japan, EC, Canada and Australia at the imports of Korean steel products. Korean steel exports have shown by more than an average annual rate of 32.4% in 1979-1981, 5.4% in 1982-1984. Steel sales to overseas have shown the diminishing trend since 1980. This trend is largely due to increased protectionism, which is especially ironic at a time when weatern government are demanding that the newoly industrializing countries will open up their markets. With protectionism and foreign subsidies threatening many of Korean steel export markets, some markets diversification is clearly necessary. Already a degree of success have been achieved in the South East Asia region. But in the longer term Korean steel companies will try to diversify to Latin America and Africa. And sales to export of steel products will be possible to be increase successively to overseas markets through overseas direct investments in the steel consumption countries. Overseas direct investments by Korean steel companies are an affective means not only of settling the dispute of trade between two countries, but also of securing export markets. On the other hand, indirect exports through sales to cars, ships, heavy electrical and industrial machinery, construction engineerings and ocean structures, etc., is also required overall examination for the strategic sales to Korean steel products in the future. As thinking collectively, some lessons for exporting Korean steel products are as followings; One of the most important lessons is to improve the quality of its products and increase the level of technology in order to maintain international comparative advantage. There are, not to speak of mention, the preconditions in stable suppliers of raw materials and productivity in terms of quantity per man hour. A second lesson seems to be the need to diversify the markets for exporting Korean steel products. Its main markets are the U.S.A., Japan, Australia and Canada. But in longer term its markets will be to diversify to EC, Latin-America, and Africa. The third lesson has to do with overseas direct investments by Korean steel companies. Korean steel products can no longer look forward to increasing sales on the base of price competitiveness alone. Local production and sales for steel products by means of overseas direct investments will promotje the exports of Korean steel products in the end. The fourth lesson relates to the indirect exports of steel products with steel-demanded commodities. Difficulties in direct exports for sales to steel products will be overcome with the round-about expoets such as sales to cars, ships, industrial machinery, and construction engineerings, etc..

전문건설업의 경쟁실태와 개선방안

서종규 동덕여자대학교 산업연구소 2003 산업연구 Vol.9 No.-

建設産業의 都給體制에 관한 硏究

徐淙圭 동덕여자대학교 산업연구소 1999 산업연구 Vol.5 No.-