Objective Verification of Physiologic Changes during Accommodation under Binocular, Monocular, and Pinhole Conditions

박홍현,박인기,신재호,전연숙 대한의학회 2019 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.34 No.4

Background: To objectively investigate accommodative response to various refractive stimul in subjects with normal accommodation. Methods: This prospective, non-randomized clinical trial included 64 eyes of 32 subjects with a mean spherical equivalent −1.4 diopters (D). We evaluated changes in accommodative power, pupil diameter, astigmatic value, and axis when visual stimuli were applied to binocular, monocular (dominant eye, non-dominant eye, ipsilateral, and contralateral), and pinhole conditions. Visual stimuli were given at 0.25 D (4 m), 2 D (50 cm), 3 D (33 cm), and 4 D (25 cm) and accommodative response was evaluated using open view binocular autorefractor/keratometer. Results: The accommodative response to binocular stimulus was 90.9% of the actual refractive stimulus, while that of the monocular stimulus was 84.6%. The binocular stimulus induced a smaller pupil diameter than did the monocular stimulus. There was no difference in accommodative response between the dominant eye and non-dominant eye o between ipsilateral and contralateral stimuli. As the refractive stimuli became stronger, th absolute astigmatic value increased and the direction of the astigmatism axis became mor horizontal. Pinhole glasses required 10%–15% less accommodative power compared with the monocular condition. Conclusion: Binocular stimuli enable more precise and effective accommodation than do monocular stimuli. Accommodative response is composed of 90% true accommodation and 10% pseudo-accommodation, and the refractive stimulus in one eye affects the contralateral eye to the same extent. This should be taken into account when developing guidelines for wearing smart glasses while driving, as visual stimulation is applied to only one eye, but far distance attention is constantly needed.

Oviposition model of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

박홍현,박창규,안정준 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4

The longevity and fecundity of Cnaphalocrocismedinaliswere investigated at temperatures of 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5,25.0, 27.5, 30.0, 32.5, and 35.0 °C. Adult longevity and fecundity were significantly influenced by temperature. Longevitydecreased with increasing temperature: it was highest at 15.0 °C (23.6 ± 3.51 days) and lowest at 35.0 °C(6.4±0.48 days). Fecunditywas highest at 25.0 °C (170.5± 45.54 eggs) and lowest at 17.5 °C (11.0±3.68 eggs). The oviposition period was longest at 20.0 °C (8.0 ± 1.09 days) and shortest at 35.0 °C (2.3 ± 0.48 days). Theoviposition model presented in this study consisted of two reproductive components (total fecundity and agespecificcumulative oviposition rate) and a survival component (age-specific survival rate). The relationshipbetween adult developmental rate and temperature was described by the Lactin 2 model (r2 = 0.98,p b 0.0001). The age-specific survival rate was well explained by a sigmoid function (r2 = 0.97, p b 0.00001). The age-specific cumulative oviposition rate was best described by the three-parameter Weibull function(r2 = 0.99, p b 0.00001). Temperature-dependent fecundity was estimated using the Briere-2 model(r2 = 0.94, p b 0.007). Daily egg production of C. medinalis in relation to adult age and temperaturewas estimated.

Temperature-dependent development of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their validation in semi-field condition

박홍현,안정준,박창규 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.1

The developmental time and survival of the immature stages of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée were studied atnine constant temperatures (15, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5, and 35 °C), 40 ± 10% relative humidity, and a16:8 h light:dark cycle. The total developmental time decreased with increasing temperature between 15(115.6 days) and 32.5 °C (20.9 days), but increased above 32.5 °C. The relationship between the developmentalrate and temperature was fitted by a linear model and three nonlinear developmental rate models (Logan 6,Briere 1, and Shi et al.). The nonlinear shape of temperature-dependent development was best described bythe Briere 1 model (r2 = 0.99), and this was supported by statistical information criteria. The total mortality ofimmature C. medinalis was lowest at 25 °C (67.2%) and highest at 35 °C (98.1%). The distribution of the developmentaltimes of each stagewas described by the two-parameterWeibull distribution equation (r2 = 0.84–0.96). The predicted date for the cumulative 50% moth emergence was within a variation of one day using the Briere 1model. The temperature-dependent developmental models for C. medinalis could be applied to determine anoptimal management strategy for C. medinalis in paddy fields, and will be helpful in developing a full-cyclephenology model for C. medinalis.

Ionically cross-linkable hyaluronate-based hydrogels for tissue engineering

박홍현,이근용 한국고분자학회 2013 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2013 No.4

Impact of Pesticide Treatment on an Arthropod Community in the Korean Rice Ecosystem

박홍현,이준호 한국생태학회 2009 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.32 No.1

An arthropod community in a rice ecosystem was surveyed to determine the impact of two insecticides frequently used in Korean rice ecosystems: carbofuran 3GR, which targets the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the early season and fenobucarb EC, which targets the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in the mid- and late seasons, respectively. Overall, the application of the insecticides reduced density of total arthropods by 48.4% compared to the untreated field, but their impact on each functional group were different. Carbofuran GR treatment on 1 June reduced the L. oryzophilus population significantly until mid-season. The population of filterfeeding chironomids was also reduced by 50%, whereas the spider population was less disturbed. Fenobucarb EC treatment on 16 August significantly reduced N. lugens and detrivorous entomobryid populations until the late season. Both web-building and wandering spiders were also significantly disturbed by fenobucarb EC although the impact differed according to their behavioral differences. While the population of web-building spiders significantly decreased over time, that of wandering spiders recovered from the disturbance a few weeks later. An arthropod community in a rice ecosystem was surveyed to determine the impact of two insecticides frequently used in Korean rice ecosystems: carbofuran 3GR, which targets the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the early season and fenobucarb EC, which targets the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in the mid- and late seasons, respectively. Overall, the application of the insecticides reduced density of total arthropods by 48.4% compared to the untreated field, but their impact on each functional group were different. Carbofuran GR treatment on 1 June reduced the L. oryzophilus population significantly until mid-season. The population of filterfeeding chironomids was also reduced by 50%, whereas the spider population was less disturbed. Fenobucarb EC treatment on 16 August significantly reduced N. lugens and detrivorous entomobryid populations until the late season. Both web-building and wandering spiders were also significantly disturbed by fenobucarb EC although the impact differed according to their behavioral differences. While the population of web-building spiders significantly decreased over time, that of wandering spiders recovered from the disturbance a few weeks later.

시설재배 가지, 피망에서 꽃노랑총채벌레 피해해석과 방제수준

박홍현,김광호,박창규,최병렬,김정준,이시우,이상계,Park, Hong-Hyun,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Park, Chang-Gyu,Choi, Byeong-Ryeol,Kim, Jeong-Jun,Lee, Si-Woo,Lee, Sang-Guei 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.48 No.2

Cage experiments by artificial infestations with different initial densities of Frankliniella occidentalis were conducted to analyze damages and develop control thresholds of F. occidentalis on greenhouse eggplant in 2005 and on greenhouse sweet pepper in 2007. In the eggplant experiment, the infestations of F. occidentalis resulted in direct damage on fruit surface and non-marketable fruits which had several thin or thick lines or bleaching patches on the surface. F. occidentalis adults were frequently found on the flowers of eggplants, while nymphs were mainly observed on leaves. The fruit yield of eggplants was not significantly different among experimental plots with different initial density of F. occidentalis. Relationship between % non-marketable fruits among harvested fruits of eggplant and sticky trap catches of F. occidentalis (no. thrips/trap/week) at two weeks before the harvest showed a positive correlation. Using the estimated relationship, the control threshold of F. occidentalis on greenhouse eggplant was estimated at 10 adults per week at two weeks before the harvest when 5% of non-marketable fruit was applied for the gain threshold. In the experiment of sweet pepper, the direct damage by F. occidentalis was observed on the fruit surface and calyx, and the marketable grade of the damaged fruits decreased. The significant yield loss of marketable fruits was found in plots with high initial introduced-densities. There was a high relationship between thrips density and percentage of damaged fruits. Assuming 5% yield loss (non-marketable fruit) for the gain threshold, the control threshold of F. occidentalis on greenhouse sweet pepper was 4.8 adults per trap and 0.9 individuals per flower at two weeks before harvest. 시설재배 가지 및 피망에서 꽃노랑총채벌레의 가해에 따른 피해양상과 방제수준 설정을 인위적인 충 접종과 케이지 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 2005년 가지 실험결과, 꽃노랑총채벌레 가해에 의한 직접적인 피해는 가지 과실에서 나타났고, 여러 개의 가는 선과 굵은 선을 동시에 갖거나 과실 표면이 일부 표백된 피해가 심한 과실은 상품성이 하락하였다. 꽃노랑총채벌레는 가지 꽃에서는 성충태가, 앞에서는 유충태가 주로 발견되었다. 꽃노랑총채벌레 밀도 수준에 따른 시험구간 수량차이는 발견되지 않았다. 시험구의 꽃노랑총채벌레 발생밀도(수확 2주전 일주일간 끈끈이트랩 밀도)와 각 수확시 비상품과율간에는 정의 상관 관계가 있었다. 황색 끈끈이트랩 이용시 방제수준을 피해과율 5%를 유발하는 총채벌레 밀도로 가정했을 때 가지 수확 2주전에 일주일간 성충 유살수가 10마리 되는 수준이었다. 2007년 피망 실험결과, 꽃노랑총채벌레에 의한 피해는 피망의 과실표면, 꽃받침에 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 과실에서 피해가 심할 경우 상품성이 하락되었다. 밀도가 높은 시험구들에서는 상품과의 수량에 유의한 감소가 있었다. 피망에서 꽃노랑총채벌레 밀도와 피해과율에는 높은 상관관계가 있었고, 피해과율 5%를 유발하는 꽃노랑 총채벌레 밀도수준은 수확2주전 끈끈이트랩 유살수의 경우 일주일간 채집된 개체수가 4.8마리, 꽃에서 발생밀도의 경우는 0.9마리 수준이었다.

혹명나방 개체군의 수원지역 발생 패턴 및 몇가지 약제에 대한 반응

박홍현,조점래,박창규,김광호,고현관,이상계,Park, Hong-Hyun,Cho, Jum-Rae,Park, Chang-Gyu,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Goh, Hyun-Gwan,Lee, Sang-Guei 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.49 No.3

연구는 2004년부터 2007년까지 수원지역에서 혹명나방 발생과 피해 특성들 및 우리나라와 베트남에서 채집한 개체군들이 몇 가지 약제에 대한 반응을 조사하였다. 포장에서 채집한 유충들의 발육단계는 본 연구의 실내사육충을 대상으로 측정한 두폭과 체장자료를 통해 구분이 가능하였다. 2004년부터 2007년까지 벼 포장에서 조사된 혹명나방은 발생이 많거나 적은 해로 패턴이 분명하게 구분되었다. 발생이 적은 해(2004년 및 2006년)에는 성충이 한 번의 발생 최성기(8월 하순)를 가졌고, 7월 하순의 피해주율이 10% 미만이었으며, 9월 동안에 피해엽률이 2% 수준이었다. 하지만 발생이 많은 해(2005년 및 2007년)에는 두 번의 성충 발생 최성기(8월 초순과 9월 중순)를 가졌고, 피해주율도 7월 하순에 약 30%에 달하였으며, 9월동안에 피해엽률이 15~30%로 경제적 피해수준을 넘었다. 특히 7월 하순과 8월 상순에 조사된 성충 밀도나 피해주율의 크기는 9월에 발생하는 피해규모와 밀접하게 정의 상관이 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과로 볼 때 7월 하순과 8월 상순에 혹명나방 성충의 발생 및 벼 피해에 관한 예찰정보는 벼 생육후기의 피해예측 및 방제적기 선정에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 우리나라와 베트남에서 채집한 혹명나방에 대한 약제반응은 두 지역 채집계통에서 모두 IGR계인 tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide나 유기인계인 chlorpyrifos-methyl, pyridaphenthion에는 매우 높은 감수성을 보였으나, 칼탑계인 cartap에는 약제 감수성 정도가 다소 낮았다. This paper presents the occurrence and damage characteristics of the rice leaf-folder populations in the paddy fields of Dangsu-dong, Suwon from 2004 to 2007, and also reports the insecticide response of rice leaf-folder populations, which were collected from 2005 to 2006 in Korea and Vietnam. Laboratory measurements of the head capsule width and body length data enabled the identification of the rice leaf-folder larva stages collected in the field. The rice leaf-folder population in Suwon from 2004 to 2007 has a clear pattern consisting of two different group: the low and high density years. During the low density years (2004 and 2006), only one adult peak was noted in late August, with the damaged-hill percent less than 10% in late July, and the damaged-leaf percent around 2% in September. In contrast, during the high density years (2005 and 2007), two adult peaks were noted in early August and mid-September, with the damaged-hill percent was around 30% in late July, and the damaged-leaf percent 15 to 30% in September, which was beyond the economic injury level of rice leaf-folder. High correlations existed between the occurrence of rice leaf-folder in late July and early August and damages to rice during September. Based on these results, we suggest that the information on the rice leaf-folder population monitored by the adult density or damaged-hill percent in late July and early August would be very useful for predicting the damages later in the season for aiding in decision-making for timely control. In addition, the regional populations of rice leaf-folder showed the similar responses to the insecticides tested: high susceptibility to IGRs (tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide) and organophosphates (chlorpyrifos-methyl, pyridaphenthion), but relatively low to cartap.

Measurement of Specific Cell-Polymer Interactions Using FRET and FCS techniques

박홍현,이근용 한국고분자학회 2008 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.33 No.1

Thermal effects on the development of Naranga aenescens Moore (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

박홍현,박창규,최병렬,이상귀,안정준 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.4

Naranga aenescens Moore is an important insect pest found in rice paddy field.We investigated the development periods of N. aenescens egg, larva, pupa, and total immature insects at eight constant temperatures: 15.0 °C, 17.5 °C, 20.0 °C, 22.5 °C, 25.0 °C, 27.5 °C, 30.0 °C, and 32.5 °C. N. aenescens developed successfully from the egg stage to the adult stage at all the tested temperatures except 15.0 °C. The developmental time of each life stage was significantly influenced by temperatures. The developmental rate of N. aenescens increased as the temperature increased from 15.0 °C to 30.0 °C but declined at 32.5 °C, except in the pupa stage. The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and the thermal constant (K) was estimated using linear regression. The higher temperature threshold and the lower temperature threshold were calculated using two nonlinear functions. LDT and K from egg to adult emergence were 12.01 °C and 330.84 degree days, respectively. The temperature range of N. aenescens from the lower developmental threshold to the higher developmental threshold using a performance model (24.03) was wider than that determined using the Sharpe–Schoolfield–Ikemoto model (19.77). Developmental completion of N. aenescens was described using a two-parameter Weibull distribution model. Adult emergence frequency of N. aenescens over a full range of constant temperatures was simulated using developmental rate functions and the Weibull function. Biological characteristics of N. aenescens populations from different geographic areas were discussed.

남산과 광릉 침엽수림지역의 날개응애류(Acari : Oribatida) 종 구성

박홍현,이준호,배윤환,최성식 한국토양동물학회 1998 한국토양동물학회지 Vol.3 No.2

This study was carried out from May 1993 to October 1994 to examine diversity of oribatid mites in Namsan and Kwangreung coniferous forests, which were considered to receive different degrees of environmental pressures. Also, environmental factors (pH of soil and rainfall, litter depth, organic matter) were recorded in the two forests. The pH of soil and rainfall were not different between the two forests, but litter depth and organic matter were significantly higher in Namsan than in Kwangreung (p<0.05). The dominant families (>5% of the total densities) were Scheloribatidae(27.3%), Galumnidae(13.4%), Oppiidae (9.9%), Hypochthonidae(7.6%), Suctobelbidae(6.6%), Euphthiracaridae(5.9%) in Namsan and Ceratozetidae(25.9%), Mycobatidae (14.2%), Oppiidae(14.2%), Galumnidae(11.4%), Astegistidae(8.7%) in Kwangreung. The numbers of species were significantly higher in Kwangreung (103 spp.) than in Namsan (74 spp.)(p<0.05). The total densities of oribatid mites were more abundant in Kwangreung (8,709 ind.) than in Namsan (5,899 ind.) and the difference was significant for density in litter layer (p<0.05).