The Role of Leasing in the Effectiveness of Corporate Tax Policy: Evidence from the 2002 Bonus Depreciation

Jongsang Park(박종상) 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2018 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.-

Firms can use capital that they either purchase or lease, but these alternatives are treated dif-ferently for tax purposes. This paper derives the demand for leased capital as a function of tax parameters, and uses the model to estimate the responsiveness of leasing to the introduction of bonus depreciation in 2002, finding strong evidence that depreciation allowances influence leasing patterns. Firms that stood to benefit the least from depreciation allowances were the most likely to lease capital after the introduction of bonus depreciation. Specifically, I find that a lessee with a marginal tax rate of zero increases the fraction of leased investment by around 12% point in response to the 2002 bonus depreciation, compared to a fully taxed lessee. This evidence carries implications for the magnitude of deadweight losses due to financing distortions introduced by the corporate tax.

RI 방식 CNG 엔진의 분사시기가 연소특성에 미치는 영향

박종상(Jongsang Park),진종무(Jongmoo Jin),하동흔(Dongheun Ha),염정국(Jungkuk Yeum),이중순(Joongsoon Lee),정성식(Sungsik Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The prior study for RI(radical ignition) method was carried out in the experimental ways using a CVC(constant volume combustor) and applying the basic results from the CVC to a real engine. The rapid combustion and the expansion of the combustible lean limit of RI method were realized by the 0.45% sub-chamber volume of the overall combustion chamber in the CVC. But the gasoline fueled RI engine showed the severe problem of high cycle variation due to the difficulty of the residual gas scavenge in the sub-chamber from the former cycle. To solve this problem, CNG fuel was directly supplied into the sub-chamber instead of the port fuel injection. A DI Diesel Engine with the same specifications used in a previous study was modified to a RI-CNG Engine, and injection pressure was constantly kept at 6㎫ by a regulator. This study was performed to investigate the effects of injection timings on the combustion and performances of the RI-CNG Engine. The excess air ratio was varied from 1.0 to the lean limit at the condition of 50% throttle open rate and 1700rpm. The combustion characteristics of the RI-CNG engine such as in-cylinder pressure, indicated thermal efficiency, cycle-by-cycle variation, combustion duration and emissions were investigated.

RI-CNG 엔진에서 연료 분사시기에 따른 연소특성의 고찰

박종상(Jongsang Park),하동흔(Dongheun Ha),진종무(Jongmu Jin),염정국(Jungkuk Yeum),하종률(Jongyul Ha),정성식(Sungsik Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.11

정적연소기에서 라디칼 유도분사를 이용한 예혼합기의 연소특성에 관한 연구 (제3보)

박종상(Jongsang Park),오동헌(Dongheon Oh),하종률(Jongyul Ha),정성식(Sungsik Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2003 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

A prior fundamental study was executed using a constant volume chamber to improve the burning properties<br/> of lean pre:-mixture by the injection of active radicals generated in the sub-chamber. In consequence. RI method shows<br/> remarkable progress in the aspects of burning velocity and combustible lean limit compared with SI method. In this :study, the necessary additional works have been performed to be: based on the: former results. We changed parameters as the initial temperature and the initial pressure of mixture. And the: effects of resident gas at issue in a ureal engine were investigated. As a result, the effects of initial temperature were significant, but on the other hand. those of initial pressre were slight. The correlation of passage hole number between overall passage hole area was grasped. And the more detailed analysis is required on resident gas.

정적연소기에서 라디칼 유도분사를 이용한 예혼합기의 연소특성에 연구

박종상(Jongsang Park),최하성(Hasung Choi),이명준(Myungjun Lee),하종률(Jongyul Ha),정성식(Sungsik Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2002 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2002 No.5_1

An experimental study was carried out to obtain fundamental data about effects of radical induced injection using a tiny sub-chamber on the combustion of pre-mixture in a constant volume chamber. The volume of the sub-chamber is set up to occupy less than 1.5% of that of whole combustion chamber, numerous narrow passage holes are arranged to induce simultaneous multi-point ignition in the main chamber by flame jets including radicals from the sub-chamber, and the equivalence ratio of pre-mixture in the main chamber and the sub-chamber is uniform. And also, the visualization of combustion is executed in the main chamber.<br/> In the case of radical ignition method(RI), the overall burning time including the ignition delay became very short compared with that of the spark ignition method(SI). AS the diameter of passage holes and the volume of the sub-chamber increase, the combustion characteristics of the RI becomes similar to that of the SI.

6·25전쟁 시 장사상륙작전에 대한 재검토

박종상(Park Jongsang) 동북아역사재단 2020 東北亞歷史論叢 Vol.- No.69

장사상륙작전은 6·25전쟁 중이던 1950년 9월에 동해안의 경북 영덕 일대에서 실시되었다. 장사상륙작전은 인천상륙작전과 같은 시기에 동해안에서 실시되었다. 장사상륙작전은 기상불량으로 인해 상륙작전 초기부터 많은 희생이 뒤따랐다. 또한 해안에 상륙하자마자 북한군의 공격으로 인해 추가적인 희생자가 발생하여, 상륙한 이후 1주일도 되지 않아 해상으로 철수한 상륙작전이었다. 그동안 장사상륙작전에 대한 연구는 증언록이나 회고록을 중심으로 이루어졌기 때문에 상륙작전의 준비과정에서부터 전개과정 및 철수과정 등에 대한 객관성이 다소 결여되었다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과로 인해 장사상륙작전은 서해안에서 인천상륙작전이 전개되던 같은 시기에 실시되어 인천상륙작전의 작전지역 기만에 커다란 영향을 준 양동작전의 일환으로 인식되어왔다. 따라서 이 글에서는 준비과정에서부터 전개 및 철수과정까지 잘못 인식되어 있는 부분을 재검토하였다. 그리고 상륙작전의 성공 여부, 인천상륙작전과의 관련성에 대한 잘못된 인식, 군사용어에 대해 잘못 인식하고 있는 부분을 정리하고 검토하였다. 이를 위해 장사상륙작전에 대한 공간사와 기존의 연구물들을 검토하여 장사상륙작전의 준비과정과 전개 및 철수과정에 대해 정리하였다. 그리고 국내에 소개되지 않았던 미 국립문서기록관리청(NARA)의 기록문서를 중심으로 장사상륙작전에 대하여 재검토하였다. The Changsa Landing Operation was conducted in September 1950 during the Korean War in Yeongdeok, Gyeongbuk, on the East Coast. The Changsa Landing Operation was conducted on the East Coast around the same time as the Incheon Landing Operation. Due to poor weather conditions, the Changsa Landing Operation has cost a lot from the beginning of the landing operation. In addition, as soon as they landed, additional victims were incurred due to the North Korean attack, and it was an amphibious operation that withdrew to the sea within less than a week after landing on the coast. In the meantime, research on the Changsa Landing Operation can be said to have somewhat lacked objectivity from the preparation process of the landing operation to the development process and withdrawal process due to the research centering on testimony and memoirs. Due to these research results, the Changsa Landing Operation was conducted at the same time when the Incheon Landing Operation was unfolding on the west coast, and it has been recognized as a part of demonstraion operation, which greatly influenced the deception of the operation area of the Incheon Landing Operation. Therefore, this paper reviewed the misrecognized parts from preparation to deployment and withdrawal. In addition, the Changsa Landing Operation was successful or failed, misconception about the relevance of the Incheon Landing Operation, and misrecognition of military terminology were organized and reviewed. To this end, the space history of the Changsa Landing Operation and the existing research materials were reviewed, and the preparation, development, and withdrawal process of the Changsa Landing Operation were summarized. The Changsa Landing Operation was reviewed, focusing on the documented documents of the National Archives and Records Administration(NARA), which were not introduced in Korea.

정적연소기에서 라디칼 유도분사를 이용한 희박혼합기의 연소특성에 관한 연구 (1)

박종상(Jongsang Park),이태원(Taewon Lee),하종률(Jongyul Ha),정성식(Sungsik Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.12 No.2

An experimental study was carried out to obtain the fundamental data about the effects of radicals induced injection on premixture combustion. A constant volume combustor divided to the sub-chamber and the main chamber was used. The volume of the sub-chamber is set up to occupy less than 1.5% of that of whole combustion chamber. Radial twelve narrow passage holes are arranged between the main chamber and the sub-chamber. The products including radicals generated by spark ignition in the sub-chamber will derive the simultaneous multi-point ignition in the main chamber. While the equivalence ratio of pre-mixture in the main chamber and the sub-chamber is uniform. We have examined the effects of the sub-chamber volume, the diameter of passage hole, and the equivalence ratio on the combustion characteristics by means of burning pressure measurement and flame visualization. In the case of radical ignition method(RI), the overall burning time including the ignition delay became very short and the maximum burning pressure was slightly increased in comparison with those of the conventional spark ignition method(SI), that is, single chamber combustion without the sub-chamber. The combustible lean limit by RI method is extended to more ER=0.25 than that by SI method. Therefore the decrease of every emission including NOx and the improvement of fuel consumption is anticipated due to lean burn.

[특집: HCCI 엔진] 활성라디칼유도분사를 이용한 정적연소기 및 엔진에서의 연소특성

박종상(Jongsang Park),정성식(Sungsik Chung),하종률(Jongyul Ha) 한국자동차공학회 2003 오토저널 Vol.25 No.5

정적연소기에서 라디칼 유도분사를 이용한 희박혼합기의 연소특성에 관한 연구(2)

박종상(Jongsang Park),강병무(Byungmu Kang),이명준(Myungjun Lee),하종률(Jongyul Ha),정성식(Sungsik Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.12 No.3

A prior fundamental study was executed using a constant volume chamber to improve the buming properties oflean pre-mixture by the injection of active radicals generated in the sub-chamber. In consequence, RI method shows remarkable progress in the aspects of buming velocity and combustible lean limit compared with SI method. In this study, the necessary additional works have been performed to be based on the former results. We changed parameters as the initial temperature and the initial pressure of mixture. And the effects of residual gas at issue in a real engine were investigated. As a result, the effects of initial temperature were significant, but on the other hand, those of initial pressure were slight. The correlation of passage hole number between overall passage hole area was grasped. And the more detailed analysis is required on residual gas.

라디칼 유도 착화 엔진의 최적부실설계 및 성능개선에 관한 연구

박원호(Wonho Park),박종상(Jongsang Park),강병무(Byeongmu Kang),염정국(Jeongkuk Yeom),하종률(Jongyul Ha),정성식(Sungsik Chung) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Recently, engine combustion technologies have a tendency that the fuel consumption improvement and the emission reduction are simultaneously satisfied. Consequently, the automotive industry has a question of the future engine that has to be sufficient for low emission and fuel consumption rate. A common point of developing combustion technologies is the simultaneous several pointed-ignition type after forming pre-mixture that has applied to commercial engines for a long time. On the other hand the poor propagation of initial combustion causes the combustion instability and a falling in the maximum pressure as well as the control miss of the ignition timing. There is a new combustion in a four-stroke engine with two different-sized chambers that the smaller chamber holding the spark plug is attached on the center of another. First it has a pre-mixture formation period, since then the activated radicals are induced through the tiny holes on the sub-chamber. It makes the combustion more active and overcomes the weakness for lean burn engine. To be applicable to real engine, it has understood that combustion characteristic and then has investigated what the optimized sub-chamber is. Secondly we converted pre-mixture one cylinder diesel engine into SI type gasoline engine based on the antecedent result. This engine can operate by spark ignition system using activated radicals induced. The aim of this study is to assure the reappearance of engine operation and have map data. Lastly there is the best-fitted subchamber in comparison between SI and RI.