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민덕기 울산대학교 1995 공학연구논문집 Vol.26 No.1
최근 소형 컴퓨터와 각종 소프트웨어의 개발로 새롭거나 과거에는 불가능하다고 여겨지던 문제들을 어렵지 않게 해결할 수 있게 되었다. 특히 매크로 스프레드쉿트는 기존의 스프레드쉿트로는 해결할 수 없었던 문제들을 취급할 수 있게 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 매크로 스프레드쉿트를 이용하여 Hardin의 'Lever Arm Equilibrium 이론'을 프로그램하였다. 이 이론은 가상 파괴단면을 비원형인 경우에 적용할 수 있는 한계평형이론중의 한 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 매크로 스프레드쉿트를 복잡한 공학적인 문제에 적용할 수 있음을 보였다. 특히 본 예제의 경우 매크로 스프레드쉿트의 반복 계산의 기능은 안전율 계산에 매우 유용하였으며, 그래픽기능을 이용하여 손쉽게 응력분포 등을 나타낼수 있음을 보였다. Recent advancements in microcomputer hardware and spreadsheet software have provided the computer user with many new and as yet unexplored problem - solving capabilities. Specially, command and function macros in macro spreadsheets provide the necessary tools to tackle problems that cannot be solved using a conventional spreadsheet. A computer program using the macro spreadsheet was developed to solve slope stability analysis probems based on the Hardin's 'Lever Arm Equilibrium Method'. This method is one of the statically consistent limiting equilibrium methods of slope analysis applicable to noncircular slip surfaces. It was found that the macro spreadsheet could be written to assist the user in solving complicated engineering problems. Particularly, the iterative approach was found very useful in determining the factor of safety, F. The graphic function was also useful in displaying the pattern of stress distribution.
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민덕기,최영철 울산대학교 2003 공학연구논문집 Vol.34 No.1
본 논문에서는 점토의 미소구조를 인공적으로 형성하고 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 기존의논문에서는 각 미소구조를 인공적으로 만들기 위해 한 종류의 화학첨가제를 사용하였지만 본 논문에서는 동일한 대상시료에 대해 구조별로 여러 가지 화학첨가제를 사용하여 어떤 첨가제가 각각의 미소구조를 더 잘 형성시키는지를 SEM과 XRD를 사용하여 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 미소구조를 인공적으로 형성하기 위해 이산구조에는 Calgon과 NaOH를 첨가하였고 면모구조 중 염면모구조를 형성하기 위해서는 NaCl과 CaCl₂를 첨가하였으며 비염면모구조를 위해서는 증류수만을 사용하였다. SEM 분석은 정성적인 분석으로 bulk sample을 수직·수평 방향으로 분석한 결과 시각적으로 각각의 미소구조가 형성된 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 XRD 분석을 실시하여 방향성을 정량적으로 분석한 결과, 면모구조에서는 증류수만 사용하여 형성된 sample이 가장 불규칙한 방향성을 가졌으며 이산구조는 NaOH를 첨가한 경우 점토 입자들이 한 방향으로 집중되어 배열된 결과를 보여주었다. This paper is concerned with artificial formation and identification of a clay microfabric. To prepare each microfabric, dispersion and flocculation, a specified amount of the electrolyte was added to the clay. Many different kinds of chemical additives were used for the each microfabric at this paper. To form the dispersion microfabric of a clay, Calgon and NaOH were added, and NaCl, CaCl₂and distilled water were used for the salt and non-salt flocculation fabric, respectively. The structure of the formed samples was evaluated by the scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the X-ray diffratometer(XRD). As a result of tests, the flocculation fabric formed by distilled water was oriented randomly and the sample fabric formed by NaOH was dispersed in direction.
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임진왜란에 활약한 조선 장수들의 성장기반에 대하여 - 니탕개의 난과 관련하여 -
민덕기 전북사학회 2017 전북사학 Vol.0 No.50
Enjoying an era of peace, the Joseon government was not prepared for war at all. So, it is a general explanation of the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 (the Imjin War) that Japan's invasion was repelled by General Yi Sun-sin and his naval forces and civilian militia, not the government forces. However, given the regional situation of Six Garrisons in the 1580s, this explanation of the Imjin War is not convincing. The Six Garrisons were devastated by the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion, which broke out in 1583, and sometimes attacked by as many as thirty thousand cavalrymen. The government appointed Generals Yi Il and Sin Rip as the commander to suppress the rebellion, and selected about 800 Byeolsimusa (warriors through special examinations) to settle turmoils such as Noktundo Battle and Sijeon Village Battle. These warriors can be called Byeolsimusa against the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion. In the process of suppressing the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion, generals grew up experiencing actual combat and played important roles in the Imjin War. Yi Il and Shin Rip were defeated generals, but 18 Seonmugongsin were recognized for meritorious achievements during the Imjin War. 11 of them were the military examination passers, of whom 6 include Yi Sun-sin, Won Gyun, Yi Eok-gi and Kim Si-min, who fought against the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion. 4 out of the remaining 5 generals, the military examination passers, were also Byeolsimusa against the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion. It is concluded that 10 out of 11 military officers who became Seonmugongsin were generals who grew up through the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion. 11 generals including Kim Jun-min, Seon Geo-e, Won Ho, Lee Gyeong-rok, Choi Ho and Hwang Jin, who were not Seonmugongsin but played outstanding roles during the Imjin War, grew up through the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion as well. ‘Byeolsimusa against the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion’ include some of Yi Sun-sin's staff. 11 of 15 prominent staff were the military examination passers, and the remaining 4 staff were Byeolsimusa against the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion. It can be concluded that Yi Sun-sin and some of his staff were selected and cultivated by the Joseon Dynasty for the suppression of the Tang-gae Ni’s Rebellion or the regional stabilization of Six Garrisons after the Rebellion.
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민덕기 전북사학회 2011 전북사학 Vol.0 No.39
At the initial stage of Hideyoshi’s Invasion of Korea (Imjin Waeran), Joseon was defeated by Japan in every battle, and Seoul was delivered to Japan only 20 days after the invasion. It is said that Joseon engaged in party strife and enjoyed a peaceful reign, so it was not possible to prepare for the invasion of Japan. But regarding its backgrounds, the followings are considered. First, small wars were occurring in northeastern areas in the 1580s and therefore Joseon was already in quasi-war. The 1583 January rebellion by Nitangeu from Yeojin against the Joseon government lasted until July, so Joseon was not peaceful and tranquil at all, which cannot make a full defensive preparation toward Japan. Second, there was a strategic mistake. That is, Joseon designated the whole areas of the southern coast as the virtual war zone, in particular, reinforced the security on the coastal areas of Jeolla province, because Joseon expected that the riots (similar with riots which happened in the year Ulmyo) would be happened again by Japan. Also, Joseon held fast its opinion on ‘Jeseungbangryak (military defensive system)’, because Joseon did not expect the invasion of the regular army by Hideyoshi. Third, the Ming dynasty doubted that Joseon connected to Japan, based on information from Okinawa 2 years before Hideyoshi’s invasion, and Joseon tried to explain that it is wrong, which does not concentrate on invasion of Japan. Fourth, at that time, the Japanese army was the most elite group in the world. Meanwhile, when reviewing the other data except for ‘the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty’, regarding the conditions in Gyeongsang Province at the initial stage of Hideyoshi’s invasion, it is shown that there are new and positive facts. For instance, Joseon made all efforts to deliver promptly information on invasion of Japanto the central areas or the neighboring regions, or Joseon tried to respond to the invasion by sending the armies of 13 towns in Gyeongsang Province. Therefore, if the officer or commander took the initiative in responding to the invasion, the initial development would be different. It is expected that Joseon secured huge military forces and provisions in the northeast regions until the eve of the Hideyoshi’s invasion. But, the regions did not play their role in defending the nation at the initial stage of invasion. Rather, two princes were sent to the Japanese general Kato-Kiyomasa. It is estimated that securing the military forces and provisions facilitated exploitation by the local officers and commander toward the general public, and when the invasion happened, the local people expressed hostility. However, righteous armies by Moon-Boo Jung started to turn the tide of the war.
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