도리스 레싱의 유토피아,『4대문의 도시』

민경숙 龍仁大學校 人文社會科學硏究所 2003 인문사회논총 Vol.- No.9

The Four-Gated City, the fifth and the last of The Children of Violence Series is considered the best and the deepest, as it describes mature and middle-aged Martha s thoughts and life. It still deals with themes such as imperialism, racism, sexism, ideological problems of communism, socialism and capitalism, marriage, maternity, patriarchy, family etc. as the other works of The Children of Violence Series do, but it is different from the others in that it approaches the problems more psychoanalytically, using especially Jungian concepts like self, ego, shadow, personal unconscious and collective unconscious. Of course we can see the possibility of analyzing the other works with the tool of psychoanalysis as well, because their characters suffer from neurosis or mental breakdown that society or the world violent and keeping divided brings about. But psychoanalysis plays a greater role in The Four-Gated City, where Martha finally solves the problem of divided self through the journey into the deepest of the mind. Having achieved the integration of self which she has longed for throughout the whole Series, Martha in the Appendix to this work proceeds to help save the world suffering after the Great Catastrophe. Having survived the Catastrophe and living with survivors in an island called Faros, Martha cares and educates newborn children. This island is more similar to the Utopian image young Martha imagined than ideal cities represented in Mark s novel or constructed in Northern Africa. The new-born children after the Catastrophe are subnormal in eyes of the Old World people, but Martha suggests that they'll be the new race of the earth. It is because they are of every color and race, which will lessen the possibility of the New World being divided into two groups, the oppressed and the oppressor; and because they have extra-sensorial capabilities, specific organs which came into being as a result of a need for living in New World and will make people keep awake and not hypnotized.

『올바른 결혼』: 가부장제에 대한 반항

민경숙 용인대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2000 인문사회논총 Vol.- No.5

『폭풍의 여파』: 분열증후군에 시달리는 세계, 사회 그리고 개인

민경숙 용인대학교 2000 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

치누아 아체베의 '역사 바로 세우기'

민경숙 龍仁大學校 1999 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.17 No.-

Achebe is a Nigerian writer, but he is better known as a writer who made Africa and Africans familiar to the World. He tried to elevate the position of Africa or "the third World," turning the image of Africa as a dark continent into a brilliant continent who has its own culture and history. It was because for many centuries Africa and Africans had been deprived of their history and had been considered under-develpoed children, barbarians or cannibals in a pre-cultured society. This paper deals with Achebe's three works, so-called the trilogy of Achebe, Things Fall Apart, No Longer At Ease, and Arrow of God, making a point of his vocational responsibilities. According to his determined belief, the principal role of the writer is to educate his ignorant people, tend to their pain and encourage them to recover their pride and to find their own identity. To perform these purposes, Achebe called our attention to various African traditions, manners, practices and customs, and their religion. Although they include superstitions, bad habits and bad conventions, it is sure that they could have survived very well, if Europeans had not intruded into their history. Addition to composing a counter-discourse which reverses the European colonial discourse, Achebe tries to tell us that the decay of Africa did not result solely from the invasion of European culture, but from the split of the African society, making strong accents on the heroes' personal weaknesses and their outcomes in his works. Achebe wanted to emphasize Africans not as passive sacrifices, but as active subjects, that is, masters of history. In sum, Achebe had two intentions: first he tried to correct European prejudices, insisting that Africans have their own culture and history: and then he tried to cure Africans' inferior complexes caused by Europeans' colonialism, to make them restore their pride and identity and to encourage them to build a new post-colonial world.

김지하의 율려사상 : 문학비평이론으로의 가능성 탐색

민경숙 龍仁大學校 人文社會科學硏究所 2000 인문사회논총 Vol.- No.4

우리 시대의 거인 김지하 선생의 사상들을 세 단계(정치운동과 민중담론의 시기, 사회운동과 생명담론의 시기, 문화운동과 율려담론의 시기)로 나누어, 각 단계의 특징과 내용을 알아보고, 다음 단계로 나아가지 않을 수 없었던 당위성에 대해 살펴본다. 그의 거대 담론인 율려사상이 우리 고유의 생태비평이론으로서 적용가능한가를 탐색한다. Chi-ha Kim is a giant in three ways; a great man of letters, an energetic activist, and a sophisticated philosopher. He is acknowledged as one of the best poets in Korea, has tried constantly to liberate people from their suffering and oppression through political and social movements, and is ceaselessly making endeavors to construct a huge cultural discourse which can explain the relationship between man and man, man and things, and man and the universe. This paper divides the development of his ideas into three phases chronologically: the phase of political resistance and popular discourse; the phase of social movements and life discourse: and the phase of cultural movements and 'youlyo' discourse. His political activities and poems encouraged many students and intellectuals to fight against the military government, and in consequence brought him irlternationally authoritative prizes . But he came to think that binary oppositions such as oppressor/oppressed, gevernor/governed are not appropriate to depict the world and that both of them are containers of life alike. He extends his ideas to thinking that all of the things on earth including men, plants, animals and even inanimate things such as stone, wind, air have lives. Now he cherishes people not as the oppressed but as containers of life. And he cherishes nature as a home for containers of life. In this phase he organizes several social movements like environmertal movements, movements for protection of nature, movements for local autonomy etc. But again he came to the conclusion that this kind of movements would be futile if they could not change the mentality of people. So he began to search for alternative ideas and constructed so-called 'Youlyo' discourse. This gave rise to a concept 'New Man', that is, a man who realizes that he has a universe inside and should live in harmony and communicate with all of the things on earth. Ecocriticism pays attention to author's attitude toward nature above all, and thinks highly of the author who admits nature's intrinsic value. Chi-has ideas not only correspond to this evaluation standard, but also stress that a man has a universe inside. His ideas are logical and original enough, but have weaknesses and defects as well. If we make our best incessantly to improve them, use them as an ecocritical tool and let the world know them, I dare say that they will be a world-widely acknowledged literary theory some day.

『시카스타: 식민화된 제5행성에 관하여』 : 도리스 레싱의 ‘실낙원과’ ‘복낙원’

민경숙 龍仁大學校 2009 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

Doris Lessing's science fiction series Canopus in Argos is another experiment she conducted proving her untiring challenging spirit. But there were not a few skeptical critics and scholars doubting whether they can be regarded as authentic science fictions. This paper examines the complicated contents and the novel form of the first work of the science fiction series, Re:Colonized Planet 5, Shikasta, and judges whether it is a science fiction or not. This work is based on Lessing's cosmology that there are other alien beings in the universe, the Earth and the humanity are only a minuscule part in the space, and the fates of the Earth and the humanity are subject to any change in the spatial order. This is the basic novum of the work. Another novum of the work is that the narrator is an alien agent working for Canopus and tells Canopeans and implied readers about the history of Shikasta, a colonized planet, which can be considered the Earth. In other words, the narrator re-tells us in an alien's point of view how the humanity evolved from monkeys and lost their paradise, demythologizing the myths of genesis and the fall of Adam and fusing creationism with evolutionism. Therefore, when we apply Darko Suvin's famous definition of science fiction, 'recognitive estrangement,' to this work, we can clearly see that it is an authentic science fiction. Besides, as this work re-tells the history of the Earth, presenting an alternate history, a sub-genre of science fiction, it can efficiently and objectively show what the hardship and chaos the humanity undergoes today stem from and how they can be overcome. Lessing once told that her science fictions are utopian novels, another sub-genre of science fiction, such as Utopia and The Republic. The latter half of Shikasta is narrated by humans who suffer from the Third World War and regain the lost paradise. But the utopia Lessing described is not a stable and authoritative utopia obliging a certain institution or a certain doctrine such as Thomas More's or Platon's, but an evolving utopia, or 'eutopia', a better world.

60년간의 비평적 수용을 통해 본 도리스 레싱의 노벨상 수상의 의미

민경숙 龍仁大學校 2009 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.27 No.-

This paper traces the 60 years' history of Doris Lessing's critical reception chronologically, ranging from the nineteen fifties where she published her earliest works to 2008 when she declared her retirement. It is a significant study in that Lessing received the Nobel Prize in 2007 but people are still wondering why it occurred so late. This paper insists that the critics' belated view of the literary trend prevented Lessing from being recognized properly and timely. For example, in the nineteen seventies Lessing was experimenting a new genre, science fiction, while critics and scholars were demanding realist and feminist works like the Golden Notebook rejecting her experimentation. In the nineteen eighties Lessing who was disappointed at the critics' reception of her science fictions wrote realist fictions under the name of Jane Somers. But there were few critics or scholars who recognized them as Lessing's as she had expected. Obviously, this scandal made them feel uncomfortable and even bitter against her. Another reason Lessing had not been hailed so long is that she was always on the side of the weak, the alienated, the subaltern, or the minority. Even when she was naturalized and lived in the Great Britain, she criticized her capitalism and imperialism bitterly and defended communism and African natives. She of course never gave up complaining about women's insecure position. She was a rebel on every account. She was also a challenger, getting absorbed in 'anti-psychoanalysis' rather than formal psychoanalysis, experimenting new literary genres such as fantasy, science fiction, or fable and applying Sufism ideas to her works. She was famous for her 'contrarian' response because she always responded negatively to all interviewers' and readers' questions. It was told that she regarded even her sympathizers as enemies. But no one couldn't deny that she was a great sibyl who sees the larger truth and guides our way, incessantly warning us of incoming disasters. That's why the Norwegian Noble Committee decided to give her the Nobel Prize.

두 여성 과학자의 반란 - 과학과 젠더 : 이블린 팍스 켈러와 다나 해러웨이를 중심으로

민경숙 용인대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2002 인문사회논총 Vol.- No.8

플로베르의 작품에 재현된 동양

민경숙 용인대학교 1997 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.13 No.-

한국인의 식염영양 : 문헌상의 고찰

민경숙 梨花女子大學校 文理大學 家政學部 1967 家政 Vol.- No.15