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문일식,윤정현,( Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
Among many free metal ions mediators, peroxydisulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>) has high oxidation potential 2.1 V (NHE), which can be used as effective removal of air pollutants. Because of commercial unavailability of peroxydisulfuric acid, it must be prepared according to the requirement. One way to prepare peroxydisulfuric acid is in-situ preparation from H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> through electrolysis. The present work focuses on the effect of different combination of electrodes and sizes for effective preparation of H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> from high concentration H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> using electrolysis. First, current density, temperature, 7.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, and fixed anode (BDD electrode) are kept constant. At different cathodes like Ti, Zr, Cu, and Pt variation, the effect of H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> formation studied. The formation of H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> confirmed via ORP electrode by reduction potential variation. The formation efficiencies calculated using titration with FeSO<sub>4</sub> and KMnO<sub>4</sub>. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry, FT-IR, and UV-Visible analyses of the solution paved a way to support the suitable electrode on effective formation of H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>. Finally, there will be a discussion on the electrode and their size dependence of H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> formation.
문일식,박석규 순천대학교 공업기술연구소 1994 工業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.8 No.-
The enzymatic hydrolysis of sawdust was carried out using cellulase from Aspergillus niger in organic solvent(n-hexane)-water emulsion system and conventional water system. In organic solvent-water system, the water content was found to be a significant factor to the enzymatic hydrolysis and s optimum content was 10 % in total volume of organic solvent-water system. At the above optimum content, a conventional water system. The followings are the optimum condition in organic solvent-water system: pH; 5-6, temp; 30-50℃, reaction time; 96 hrs.
문일식,박종찬,( Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
Mediated electrochemical reduction (MER) in a full electrochemical cell must be enrooted to utilize the full electrochemical cell along with MEO process. It is well documented from the literature that metal complexes are more suitable to use as a mediator in the MER process due to stabilize the active low valent state of metal ion. The present work focuses on reduction of Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> especially at different electrodes and concentrations. First, current density, temperature, and anodic part (Pt electrode as anode in 5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) kept constant. The Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> reduction investigated using its different concentration and cathodes such as Ti, Ag, and Cu in 10 M KOH solution. The reduction of Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> confirmed via ORP electrode by reduction potential variation. The reduction efficiencies calculated using titration with FeSO<sub>4</sub> and KMnO<sub>4</sub>. Additionally, cyclic voltammetry, SEM and XRD analyses of the electrodes paved a way to support the suitable electrode on effective reduction of Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup>. Finally, there will be a discussion on the electrode and concentration dependence of Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub> <sup>4-</sup> reduction.
Reduction and oxidation behavior of metal ions dissolved in room temperature ionic liquids
문일식,( S. Balaji ) 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Metal ions in their higher valence states have higher energy and the can be used as mediator species for the degradation of many organic pollutants. This is called mediated electro-oxidation and the metal ion species are produced at anodic compartment of an electrolytic cell. When liquid electrolytes are used the cathodic reduction part releases pollutant gases such as NOx. In order to avoid this problem the metal ion oxidation could be carried out in ionic liquid electrolytes. In this investigation cyclic voltammetric investigations of Cobalt salts in imidazolium group containing ionic liquids were carried out. The metal ion is dissolved in the given ionic liquid and subjected to electrochemical investigation at various scan rates. The obtained electrochemical parameters were analyzed and presented with discussion.
Proton conducting tubular membrane reactor for the oxidation of metal ions in acid medium
문일식,( S. Balaji ) 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Normal alumina membrane has large pore size and hence smaller metallic ions diffuse in to cathode from anode compartment under the working potential of an electrolytic cell. In this study we have attempted to prepare a solid state membrane coated over a tubular alumina substrate and used as the separator in a tubular electrolytic flow cell developed in house. The inorganic mixed oxide materials have channel structure and hence allow the passage of only smaller cations like protons to cross the membrane and hence effectively separate the anode and cathode compartments without mixing each other’s electrolyte species. Cobalt was taken as the model metal ion precursor for oxidation in acid medium and the influence of process parameters such as concentration of metal ion, temperature, current density and the concentration of the electrolyte are investigated and presented.
문일식,( G. Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) is emerging field towards environmental pollutant removal process using anodic part of a full electrochemical cell. At the same time, Mediated electrochemical reduction (MER) is in initial level. The present investigation focuses on reduction of Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub><sup>3-</sup> especially at the Ag electrode in different temperatures. At a first step, current density, Pt electrode as anode in 5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in anodic, and 0.01 M CoSO<sub>4</sub> mediator kept constant. The Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub><sup>3-</sup> reduction investigated using its different temperatures like 10, 20, and 50°C at Ag cathode in 10 M KOH solution. The reduction of Ni(II)(CN)<sub>5</sub><sup>3-</sup> confirmed via ORP electrode by reduction potential variation. The reduction efficiency changes calculated using titration with KMnO<sub>4</sub>.
문일식,( Muthuraman ) 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.1
Homogeneous mediators of free metal ions such as Ag(II), Ce(IV), and Co(III) are highly energetic for complete oxidation of environmental pollutants. At the same time, low valent free metal ions have the tendency for reduction of pollutants but their stability restricts to use further. Among many ways to stabilize the low valent metal ions, electrolyte concentration variation itself act as a stabilizer in many situations. Here, cyclic voltammetry studies planned to investigate the Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> redox behavior. From the redox behavior, one can say whether the low valency of metal ions stabilized. In first the stage, solubility of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> analyzed using different concentrations of KOH. The same concentrations of KOH planned to used CV analysis in different scan rates. From the CV peak potential and current variation results, one can derive whether the process follows diffusion controlled. To support the cyclic voltammetry results, SEM and XRD analyses of the electrodes adopted. Finally, there will be a discussion on stabilization of Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> and Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub> upon reduction.
Effective production of peroxydisulfuric acid using an undivided electrolytic cell
문일식,이보열,( S. Balaji ) 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
Peroxydisulfuric acid is one of the oxidants which is produced on site and on demand by electrolysis in an undivided cell. In this report we provide the optimization of process parameters for the production of peroxydisulfuric acid in an undivided electrolytic cell taking BDD anode with various cathodes such as Ti, DSA, Pt, Zr etc. When current is passed the anodic oxidation produce a mixture of peroxymonosulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>5</sub>), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and peroxydisulfuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub>). The effects of varying cathode electrode material, area of the cathode, applied current densities on the production rate was estimated. It is found that the nature of the cathode influences the percentage of formation of peroxydisulfuric acid to some extent. Also, the smaller cathode area made found to improve the yield of oxidants.