북한과의 공생, 그 (불)가능성: 식량문제와 보건의료 실태를 중심으로

모춘흥(Mo, Chun Heung),정병화(Chung, Byung Hwa) 대구대학교 다문화사회정책연구소 2019 현대사회와 다문화 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 향후 남북간 보건의료 협력의 재개에 앞서 현재 북한의 식량문제와 보건의료 실태를 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 남북간 보건의료 협력은 남북간 인적, 물적 교류에 따른 한반도 건강공동체 형성과 통일 이후 남북한이 공생하기 위한 토대를 마련하는 데 있어서 반드시 필요하다. 사실 김정은 정권 출범 이후 북한경제가 다소 호전됐으며, 그로 인해 북한 주민의 식량문제와 보건의료의 문제도 다소 개선됐다. 그러나 남한과 비교할 때 여전히 북한은 만성적인 식량부족 문제에 시달리고 있으며, 이러한 문제는 붕괴된 보건의료 체계와 맞물려 북한 주민의 건강권 박탈과 의료빈곤을 가져왔다. 물론 변화된 남북관계와 사회주의문명국 건설을 위해 보건의료 분야의 재건에 많은 관심을 기울이고 있는 김정은 위원장의 의지에 주목하면, 남북간 보건의료 협력의 가능성은 그 어느 때보다 높다고 할 수 있다. 이런 상황에서 본 연구는 과거와는 다른 남북간 보건의료회담의 전략 및 의제를 도출하기에 앞서 국제기구 자료와 북한이탈주민 인터뷰 내용에 대한 실증적인 분석을 토대로 북한의 식량문제와 보건의료 현황을 면밀하게 분석했다. 이 점이 본 연구가 갖는 학문적·정책적 의의라 할 수 있다. The purpose of this article is to observe North Korea’s current fragile social welfare realities before resuming health care cooperation between two-Koreas. In this study, I argue that health care cooperation between two-Koreas is indispensable for the establishment of a health community on the Korean peninsula through human and material exchanges and laying the foundation for the conviviality between the two-Koreas after unification. Actually, North Korean economy has ameliorated little by little after the inauguration of Kim Jong-un regime and along with it the sectors of North Korean foodstuffs and healthcare somewhat have improved. However, compared with South Korea, North Korea has still suffered from the chronic scarcity of food and this challenge together with devastated healthcare system brought on the deprivation of the health right and medical poverty of the North Koreans. Of course, if we pay attention to improved two-Korea’s relations and the will of Kim Jong-un paying great attention to reconstruction of the healthcare field, the possibility of cooperation between the two countries is higher than ever. In this context, this study examines the North Korean food problems and health care situation based on an empirical analysis of international organization report and interviews with North Korean migrants, prior to elaborating strategies and agenda of health care cooperation between two-Koreas. This point is the academic and political implications of this study.

규범세력(normative power)으로서의 유럽연합(EU)의 대(對) 북한 인권정책

모춘흥 ( Chun Heung Mo ),최진우 ( Jinwoo Choi ) 연세대학교 통일연구원 2018 통일연구 Vol.22 No.1

This study examined the European Union’s human rights policy toward North Korea and analyzed the human rights policy which EU pursued to ameliorate the poor human rights of North Korea. EU’s human rights policy toward North Korea as a normative power was driven by the dimension of the both parties of EU and North Korea, with multi-dimension which sought the aggressive cooperation of the international society, and along with the human rights resolution on the situation in North Korea of the dimension of European Congress. In the meantime, EU and North Korea had 14 times of political dialogue and twice of human rights dialogue, through which North Korean human matters were discussed profoundly. Furthermore, EU, with the multi-dimension, has taken lead in adopting the human rights resolution on North Korea in the UN General Assembly. Additionally, EU has urged the improvement of the human rights issue in North Korea through the adoption of the human rights resolution on the situation in North Korea of the dimension of EU Congress. And with this endeavor, it marked the grounds of EU’s human rights policy toward North Korea for the future. But, that behavior of EU counteracted the leverage effect of EU contrary to the prediction. Taking note of these points, South Korean government needs to anatomize the characteristics and the limits of EU’s human rights policy toward North Korea more meticulously.

영화에서 재현된 탈북자들의 인정투쟁의 다면성과 조건 -< 무산일기 >와 < 댄스타운 >을 중심으로-

모춘흥 ( Chun Heung Mo ),김수철 ( Soo Chul Kim ) 연세대학교 통일연구원 2016 통일연구 Vol.20 No.1

North Koreans refugees who have crossed the border and headed to South Korea has only increased for the last couple of decades. This paper will examine how those North Koreans refugees settle down in contemporary South Korean society. It intends to understand the complex conditions behind which North Koreans refugees as a minority struggle for recognition from the mainstream South Korean society. To do this, this paper will investigate the representations of North Korean refugees and their struggles for recognition in two recent independent movies < The Journals of Musan > and < Dance Town >. Many North Koreans refugees in South Korea tend to confront harsh and sometimes painful reality that the late capitalist South Korean society has to offer. This paper argues that through two movies, we can understand better the complex and multidimensional conditions of North Korean refugees’ struggle for recognition, which takes place in political, economic and cultural phases. This paper will also maintain that North Koreans refugees’ struggle for recognition sometimes can be an ideological instrument as it merely serves the reiteration of the existing dominant order in mainstream South Korean society.

1960년대 북한의 병진노선 채택과 군사적 모험주의에 관한 역사적 분석

모춘흥 ( Chun Heung Mo ),은용수 ( Yong Soo Eun ) 평화문제연구소 2016 통일문제연구 Vol.28 No.1

The purpose of this article is to analyze why did North Korea decide economy-defense parallel policy and military adventurism in the 1960’s on historical perspectives. In consideration of external circumstances surrounding North Korea in the mid-1960’s, its choice was influenced by its alliance dilemma vis-a-vis China. Owing to Chinese policy toward the United States over Vietnam War, North Korea’s the fear of abandonment was exacerbated. Consequently, Pyongyang hyperbolized the need for a broad united front against American threat in Vietnam War and it’s parallel policy was decided in this situation. Meanwhile, urgency of American threat towards the Korean peninsula made North Korea quandary in the late 1960’s. Therefore, North Korea stressed fraternal solidarity and unity of alliance and it’s military adventurism was carried out in this situation. In brief, North Korea’s parallel policy and military adventurism in the 1960’s was decided to resolve the fear of abandonment. Lastly, this article explains the characteristics and sustainability of the economy-nuclear parallel policy in Kim Jong-Un Era.

북한개발협력의 핵심 논점과 정책적 함의 - ‘유엔전략계획 2017-2021’을 중심으로 -

모춘흥 ( Chun-heung Mo ) 한국법정책학회 2021 법과 정책연구 Vol.21 No.3

In the Kim Jong-Un era, North Korea has positively recognized the UN Development Agenda based on a virtuous cycle of peace, human rights, and development, and has been actively implementing it. A representative example is the ‘Strategic Framework for Cooperation Between UN and DPRK 2017-2021’. Strategic Framework for Cooperation Between UN and DPRK 2017-2021 is based on the SDGs, and the core of the Strategic Framework is “sustainable and resilient human development”. In addition, the goal of Strategic Framework is to link human rights, development, and peace, to support North Korean authorities’ activities to promote the welfare of vulnerable North Koreans. Strategic Framework applied the SDGs, taking into account the regional specificity of North Korea in the main principles of business planning, and implemented a human rights-centered approach throughout the program. In particular, according to the analysis in this article, the Strategic Framework can be evaluated as a practical agreement based on the sustainable peace paradigm on the Korean Peninsula, and North Korea development cooperation that shares the principles, norms, and values of the international community on development cooperation with North Korea. It is a document that presents the blueprint for cooperation. This is why this article focuses on the Strategic Framework.

남북한 통합의 전제에 대한 소고(小考): 법적 문제와 통합변수들을 중심으로

송철종 ( Cheol-jong Song ),모춘흥 ( Chun-heung Mo ) 한국법정책학회 2018 법과 정책연구 Vol.18 No.2

This study discusses the reasonable way to integrate two Koreas and the legal problems and vital integration variables that may arise. The study regard it desirable that the two Koreas should accomplish the gradual economic integration through a Transitional Double System in which they operate their economies separately for a period of time after political reunification, assuming that it is most reasonable to minimize the costs of integration. However, while legal issues can arise regarding the temporary separation of the two Koreas, these limitations can be resolved through the legal basis of the current Constitution of the Republic of Korea. As a gradual measure, the major factors in economic integration are the migration of North Koreans to South Korea, the recognition of property rights, and the reduction of income disparity. These three variables must be looked into when considering the introduction of a market economy system in North Korea. In reviewing the above, this study illustrates that a Transitional Double System is required despite not a few limitations and provides theoretical and policy insights on the key variables requisite for it.